Background
Methods
Design and source population
Identification of the pharmacologically treated ADHD cohort
Prevalence calculation
Incidence calculation
Incidence denominator
Data analysis
Ethical approval
Results
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Number of Prescriptions | 11,441 | 14,763 | 17,906 | 22,108 | 26,205 | 26,506 | 118,929 |
Methylphenidate (n, % of total prescriptions) | 11,053 (96.6) | 14,233 (96.4) | 16,058 (89.7) | 19,710 (89.2) | 23,255 (88.7) | 23,476 (88.6) | 107,785 (90.6) |
Dexamfetamine (n, % of total prescriptions) | 388 (3.4) | 352 (2.4) | 433 (2.4) | 487 (2.2) | 494 (1.9) | 484 (1.8) | 2,638 (2.2) |
Atomoxetine (n, % of total prescriptions) | N/A* | 178 (1.2) | 1,415 (7.9) | 1,911 (8.6) | 2,456 (9.4) | 2,546 (9.6) | 8506 (7.2) |
Prevalence of treated ADHD
Age Category | Year | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Prevalence*1000 (Males and Females ≥ 6 years)
|
0.709
|
0.862
|
1.014
|
1.203
|
1.365
|
1.403
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.676 | 0.825 | 0.975 | 1.161 | 1.320 | 1.358 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.743 | 0.899 | 1.054 | 1.246 | 1.411 | 1.449 | |
6-12 years
| |||||||
Female Prevalence*1000
|
1.339
|
1.642
|
2.042
|
2.310
|
2.775
|
2.769
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 1.131 | 1.411 | 1.784 | 2.034 | 2.470 | 2.464 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 1.574 | 1.900 | 2.327 | 2.613 | 3.108 | 3.101 | |
Male Prevalence*1000
|
8.147
|
9.758
|
11.133
|
13.224
|
15.432
|
15.321
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 7.634 | 9.195 | 10.532 | 12.566 | 14.716 | 14.607 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 8.685 | 10.346 | 11.759 | 13.907 | 16.174 | 16.061 | |
Total Prevalence*1000
|
4.825
|
5.795
|
6.688
|
7.886
|
9.241
|
9.181
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 4.543 | 5.485 | 6.355 | 7.522 | 8.844 | 8.786 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 5.121 | 6.119 | 7.034 | 8.262 | 9.651 | 9.590 | |
13-17 years
| |||||||
Female Prevalence*1000
|
0.635
|
0.947
|
1.106
|
1.446
|
1.767
|
2.002
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.465 | 0.742 | 0.890 | 1.201 | 1.497 | 1.714 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.847 | 1.191 | 1.360 | 1.727 | 2.071 | 2.325 | |
Male Prevalence*1000
|
6.250
|
7.535
|
9.104
|
11.027
|
11.752
|
12.569
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 5.719 | 6.963 | 8.485 | 10.350 | 11.054 | 11.845 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 6.818 | 8.141 | 9.757 | 11.737 | 12.483 | 13.325 | |
Total Prevalence*1000
|
3.608
|
4.404
|
5.265
|
6.378
|
6.865
|
7.396
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 3.314 | 4.087 | 4.925 | 6.008 | 6.484 | 6.999 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 3.921 | 4.739 | 5.622 | 6.765 | 7.264 | 7.810 | |
18-24 years
| |||||||
Female Prevalence*1000
|
0.118
|
0.116
|
0.112
|
0.244
|
0.337
|
0.335
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.059 | 0.058 | 0.056 | 0.158 | 0.236 | 0.237 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.211 | 0.207 | 0.200 | 0.361 | 0.466 | 0.460 | |
Male Prevalence*1000
|
0.396
|
0.521
|
0.845
|
0.943
|
1.385
|
1.876
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.283 | 0.391 | 0.679 | 0.770 | 1.178 | 1.637 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.540 | 0.680 | 1.038 | 1.142 | 1.619 | 2.140 | |
Total Prevalence*1000
|
0.263
|
0.327
|
0.493
|
0.607
|
0.878
|
1.122
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.196 | 0.253 | 0.402 | 0.507 | 0.759 | 0.989 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.346 | 0.417 | 0.599 | 0.721 | 1.010 | 1.267 | |
25-45 years
| |||||||
Female Prevalence*1000
|
0.008
|
0.026
|
0.028
|
0.040
|
0.045
|
0.052
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.014 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.032 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.023 | 0.047 | 0.050 | 0.065 | 0.071 | 0.079 | |
Male Prevalence*1000
|
0.025
|
0.038
|
0.052
|
0.074
|
0.095
|
0.105
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.012 | 0.021 | 0.032 | 0.050 | 0.068 | 0.076 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.046 | 0.062 | 0.079 | 0.105 | 0.130 | 0.141 | |
Total Prevalence*1000
|
0.017
|
0.032
|
0.040
|
0.057
|
0.070
|
0.079
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.009 | 0.021 | 0.027 | 0.042 | 0.053 | 0.061 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.028 | 0.047 | 0.056 | 0.076 | 0.091 | 0.100 | |
>45 years
| |||||||
Female Prevalence*1000
|
0.007
|
0.011
|
0.007
|
0.010
|
0.010
|
0.011
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.005 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.018 | 0.023 | 0.018 | 0.022 | 0.022 | 0.024 | |
Male Prevalence*1000
|
0.008
|
0.008
|
0.015
|
0.015
|
0.020
|
0.027
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.015 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 0.036 | 0.044 | |
Total Prevalence*1000
|
0.008
|
0.009
|
0.011
|
0.012
|
0.015
|
0.019
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.012 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.015 | 0.017 | 0.019 | 0.021 | 0.024 | 0.028 |
Age Category | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence 6–12 years
| 6.085 | 5.942 | 5.451 | 5.725 | 5.560 | 5.534 |
Registered on database 6–2 years
| 1.050 | 1.048 | 1.045 | 1.045 | 1.044 | 1.044 |
Prevalence 13–17 years
| 9.838 | 7.955 | 8.228 | 7.625 | 6.652 | 6.277 |
Registered on database 13–17 years
| 1.125 | 1.104 | 1.083 | 1.061 | 1.043 | 1.043 |
Prevalence 18–24 years
| 3.355 | 4.492 | 7.549 | 3.856 | 4.117 | 5.602 |
Registered on database 18–24 years
| 1.084 | 1.093 | 1.084 | 1.079 | 1.066 | 1.043 |
Prevalence 25–45 years
| 3.252 | 1.461 | 1.867 | 1.835 | 2.120 | 2.020 |
Registered on database 25–45 years
| 1.025 | 1.026 | 1.023 | 1.022 | 1.022 | 1.014 |
Prevalence >45 years
| 1.108 | 0.736 | 2.202 | 1.462 | 2.004 | 2.339 |
Registered on database >45 years
| 0.903 | 0.906 | 0.908 | 0.912 | 0.915 | 0.916 |
Incidence of treated ADHD
Age Category | Year | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6-12 years | |||||||
Female Incidence*1000
|
0.272
|
0.388
|
0.358
|
0.425
|
0.433
|
0.424
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.181 | 0.277 | 0.252 | 0.309 | 0.314 | 0.307 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.393 | 0.528 | 0.494 | 0.571 | 0.581 | 0.571 | |
Male Incidence*1000
|
1.982
|
2.036
|
2.013
|
2.476
|
2.331
|
2.101
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 1.725 | 1.776 | 1.753 | 3.188 | 2.049 | 1.833 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 2.267 | 2.325 | 2.300 | 2.793 | 2.642 | 2.397 | |
Total Incidence*1000
|
1.145
|
1.229
|
1.201
|
1.470
|
1.400
|
1.278
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 1.005 | 1.084 | 1.058 | 1.311 | 1.243 | 1.128 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 1.300 | 1.388 | 1.359 | 1.643 | 1.570 | 1.441 | |
13-17 years
| |||||||
Female Incidence*1000
|
0.102
|
0.178
|
0.168
|
0.224
|
0.318
|
0.270
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.0471 | 0.095 | 0.090 | 0.133 | 0.208 | 0.169 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.210 | 0.304 | 0.288 | 0.354 | 0.465 | 0.409 | |
Male Incidence*1000
|
0.666
|
1.160
|
1.063
|
1.174
|
1.052
|
0.977
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.496 | 0.937 | 0.852 | 0.954 | 0.845 | 0.777 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.876 | 1.422 | 1.309 | 1.429 | 1.295 | 1.212 | |
Total Incidence*1000
|
0.400
|
0.691
|
0.631
|
0.710
|
0.691
|
0.629
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.303 | 0.566 | 0.514 | 0.587 | 0.571 | 0.514 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.516 | 0.836 | 0.767 | 0.851 | 0.829 | 0.762 | |
18-24 years
| |||||||
Female Incidence*1000
|
0.013
|
0.037
|
0.000
|
0.023
|
0.022
|
0.021
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.071 | 0.108 | 0.044 | 0.082 | 0.079 | 0.074 | |
Male Incidence*1000
|
0.022
|
0.096
|
0.041
|
0.070
|
0.087
|
0.159
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.003 | 0.044 | 0.011 | 0.028 | 0.040 | 0.092 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.080 | 0.182 | 0.106 | 0.144 | 0.165 | 0.254 | |
Total Incidence*1000
|
0.018
|
0.069
|
0.022
|
0.048
|
0.056
|
0.093
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.004 | 0.036 | 0.006 | 0.022 | 0.028 | 0.056 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.052 | 0.120 | 0.057 | 0.091 | 0.101 | 0.145 | |
25-45 years
| |||||||
Female Incidence*1000
|
0.000
|
0.009
|
0.006
|
0.011
|
0.003
|
0.016
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.006 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.011 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.028 | 0.015 | 0.036 | |
Male Incidence*1000
|
0.008
|
0.011
|
0.022
|
0.013
|
0.019
|
0.027
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.013 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.024 | 0.028 | 0.043 | 0.031 | 0.039 | 0.049 | |
Total Incidence*1000
|
0.004
|
0.010
|
0.014
|
0.013
|
0.011
|
0.022
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.012 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.012 | 0.020 | 0.025 | 0.023 | 0.021 | 0.035 | |
>45 years
| |||||||
Female Incidence*1000
|
0.004
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.002
|
0.002
|
0.000
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.013 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.10 | 0.010 | 0.006 | |
Male Incidence*1000
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.004
|
0.002
|
0.004
|
0.009
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.003 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.014 | 0.021 | |
Total Incidence*1000
|
0.002
|
0.000
|
0.002
|
0.002
|
0.003
|
0.004
| |
95% Cl (lb)*1000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
95% Cl (ub)*1000 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.010 |