Background
Methods
Participants
Experimental design
Sustained attentional task
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
Statistical analysis
Results
Brain activity (resting states)
Control | Bipolar | Bipolar MBCT | Control | Bipolar | Bipolar MBCT | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MEAN | STDEV | MEAN | STDEV | MEAN | STDEV | MEAN | STDEV | MEAN | STDEV | MEAN | STDEV | ||||
Left Frontal (F3) | Right Frontal (F4) | ||||||||||||||
Resting Eyes Open
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.29 |
0.10
| 0.23 |
0.07
| 0.27 |
0.09
| 0.30 |
0.09
| 0.24 |
0.06
| 0.27 |
0.09
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.35 |
0.03
| 0.38 |
0.11
| 0.33 |
0.06
| 0.35 |
0.03
| 0.35 |
0.05
| 0.34 |
0.06
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.37 |
0.10
| 0.39 |
0.10
| 0.40 |
0.09
| 0.35 |
0.08
| 0.41 |
0.08
| 0.39 |
0.08
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.94 |
0.72
| 0.63 |
0.24
| 0.74 |
0.38
| 0.92 |
0.48
| 0.63 |
0.23
| 0.74 |
0.39
| |||
Resting Eyes Closed
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.24 |
0.05
|
*
| 0.19 |
0.05
| 0.22 |
0.07
| 0.25 |
0.06
|
*
| 0.19 |
0.04
|
t
| 0.24 |
0.08
|
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.41 |
0.05
| 0.39 |
0.07
| 0.40 |
0.07
| 0.41 |
0.05
| 0.39 |
0.08
| 0.39 |
0.07
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.36 |
0.04
|
*
| 0.43 |
0.08
| 0.38 |
0.08
| 0.34 |
0.03
|
*
| 0.42 |
0.08
|
#
| 0.37 |
0.08
|
theta/beta ratio
| 0.68 |
0.16
|
*
| 0.46 |
0.20
| 0.62 |
0.34
| 0.75 |
0.21
|
*
| 0.47 |
0.16
|
t
| 0.69 |
0.36
|
Continuous Performance Task
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.28 |
0.06
| 0.27 |
0.07
| 0.24 |
0.07
| 0.29 |
0.06
| 0.27 |
0.06
| 0.24 |
0.07
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.34 |
0.02
| 0.34 |
0.04
| 0.34 |
0.04
| 0.35 |
0.03
| 0.34 |
0.05
| 0.33 |
0.05
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.37 |
0.06
| 0.39 |
0.07
| 0.41 |
0.09
| 0.36 |
0.05
| 0.39 |
0.07
| 0.42 |
0.11
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.81 |
0.28
| 0.72 |
0.28
| 0.64 |
0.25
| 0.84 |
0.29
| 0.71 |
0.25
| 0.64 |
0.30
| |||
Left Cingulate (C3) | Right Cingulate (C4) | ||||||||||||||
Resting Eyes Open
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.27 |
0.09
| 0.22 |
0.05
| 0.24 |
0.10
| 0.27 |
0.09
| 0.22 |
0.05
| 0.25 |
0.10
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.36 |
0.02
| 0.37 |
0.04
| 0.34 |
0.06
| 0.35 |
0.03
| 0.37 |
0.04
| 0.35 |
0.05
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.38 |
0.10
| 0.41 |
0.05
| 0.42 |
0.10
| 0.37 |
0.09
| 0.41 |
0.06
| 0.40 |
0.09
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.87 |
0.72
| 0.55 |
0.19
| 0.69 |
0.49
| 0.85 |
0.57
| 0.57 |
0.20
| 0.72 |
0.50
| |||
Resting Eyes Closed
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.23 |
0.04
|
*
| 0.19 |
0.05
| 0.20 |
0.07
| 0.24 |
0.03
|
*
| 0.19 |
0.05
| 0.21 |
0.07
| |
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.40 |
0.04
| 0.39 |
0.06
| 0.38 |
0.06
| 0.41 |
0.04
| 0.39 |
0.06
| 0.39 |
0.05
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.37 |
0.03
|
*
| 0.43 |
0.07
| 0.42 |
0.09
| 0.36 |
0.03
|
*
| 0.42 |
0.07
| 0.40 |
0.07
| |
theta/beta ratio
| 0.64 |
0.13
|
*
| 0.46 |
0.20
| 0.53 |
0.32
| 0.66 |
0.11
|
*
| 0.47 |
0.20
| 0.58 |
0.33
| |
Continuous Performance Task
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.27 |
0.04
| 0.23 |
0.05
| 0.20 |
0.05
| 0.27 |
0.04
| 0.23 |
0.05
| 0.20 |
0.05
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.36 |
0.03
| 0.35 |
0.04
| 0.36 |
0.04
| 0.36 |
0.04
| 0.35 |
0.04
| 0.36 |
0.04
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.37 |
0.04
| 0.42 |
0.07
| 0.45 |
0.07
| 0.38 |
0.05
| 0.42 |
0.07
| 0.44 |
0.08
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.73 |
0.19
| 0.56 |
0.20
| 0.46 |
0.17
| 0.73 |
0.18
| 0.56 |
0.17
| 0.48 |
0.20
| |||
Left Parietal (P3) | RightParietal (P4) | ||||||||||||||
Resting Eyes Open
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.26 |
0.09
| 0.22 |
0.05
| 0.25 |
0.09
| 0.26 |
0.10
| 0.22 |
0.05
| 0.26 |
0.10
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.39 |
0.03
| 0.41 |
0.05
| 0.39 |
0.06
| 0.38 |
0.02
| 0.41 |
0.05
| 0.39 |
0.06
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.35 |
0.08
| 0.38 |
0.05
| 0.36 |
0.06
| 0.36 |
0.08
| 0.37 |
0.05
| 0.35 |
0.07
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.89 |
0.76
| 0.59 |
0.19
| 0.78 |
0.45
| 0.89 |
0.81
| 0.61 |
0.20
| 0.85 |
0.60
| |||
Resting Eyes Closed
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.19 |
0.08
| 0.18 |
0.05
| 0.20 |
0.06
| 0.21 |
0.04
| 0.17 |
0.05
| 0.21 |
0.06
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.46 |
0.07
| 0.44 |
0.07
| 0.45 |
0.06
| 0.46 |
0.07
| 0.44 |
0.08
| 0.44 |
0.06
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.34 |
0.04
| 0.38 |
0.08
| 0.35 |
0.06
| 0.34 |
0.04
| 0.39 |
0.07
| 0.35 |
0.06
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.58 |
0.22
| 0.48 |
0.21
| 0.60 |
0.27
| 0.61 |
0.10
| 0.47 |
0.19
| 0.62 |
0.30
| |||
Continuous Performance Task
| |||||||||||||||
relative theta band power (4-7 Hz)
| 0.26 |
0.05
| 0.23 |
0.05
| 0.21 |
0.04
| 0.25 |
0.05
| 0.23 |
0.05
| 0.21 |
0.04
| |||
relative alpha band power (7-14 Hz)
| 0.40 |
0.04
| 0.39 |
0.05
| 0.40 |
0.05
| 0.40 |
0.05
| 0.39 |
0.05
| 0.40 |
0.04
| |||
relative beta band power (15-30 Hz)
| 0.34 |
0.03
| 0.38 |
0.06
| 0.39 |
0.05
| 0.35 |
0.03
| 0.38 |
0.06
| 0.39 |
0.05
| |||
theta/beta ratio
| 0.77 |
0.22
| 0.63 |
0.19
| 0.55 |
0.15
| 0.73 |
0.18
| 0.64 |
0.20
| 0.55 |
0.16
|