Background
Methods
Search criteria
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Risk factor specification: Childhood psychosocial factors
Data extraction and quality management
Analysis and quality assessment
Results
Identification of relevant studies
No. | Authors | Year | Nation/ Abbr. | N | Age at baseline | Follow up (years) | Risk factor | Outcome | Effect size (95% CI or SE) (adjusted) | Study quality score1
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 [41] | Lidfeldt et al. | 2007 | USA NHS | 100,330 females | 30-55 | 22 | Father´s occupation 5 levelsa
|
T2DM (FPG > 140 mg/dl)˚ | RR (CI) laborer vs. rest a
| 1.08 (0.95; 1.2) | 1 (D = 0; R = 0; E = 0; O = 0, C = 1) |
D2 [42] | Maty et al. | 2008 | USA ACS | 5,913 | 17-94 | 34 | Father´s occupation 2 levels manual/non-manual | Self-reported DM
| HR (CI) for manual vs. non-manual | m 1.2 (0.8; 1.7) w 1.7 (1.2; 2.4) | 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 1) |
D3 [43] | Gissler et al. | 1999 | FIN | 59,865 | 0 | 7 | Mother´s occupation 3 levelsb
|
DM criteria register based | OR (CI) for blue-collar vs. upper white collarb
| 0.83 (0.5; 1.5) | 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0) |
D4 [49] | Hayes et al. | 2006 | UK | 233 (BMI≥25) | 0 | 50 | Father´s occupation 3 levelsc
|
"metabolically normal" (MetS) | OR (CI) for Class IV, V vs. I, II | m 0.2 (0.05; 0.8)* w 0.6 (0.1; 2.7) | 1 (D = 1; R = 0; E = 0; O = 0; C = 0) |
D5 [47] | Langen-berg et al. | 2006 | UK | 2,629 | 0 | 53 | Father´s occupation 6 levelsd
|
HbA1c ( > 5,8%) | OR (CI) for lowest vs. highest class | m 1.1 (1.0; 1.8) w 0.8 (0.5; 1.4) | 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0) |
D6 [46] | Kivimäki et al. | 2005 | FIN | 1,922 | 3-18 | 21 | Parental occupation 3 levelsb
|
HOMA-IR
| OR (CI) for change per descending CSES category | m 1.3 (1.03; 1.6)* w 1.2 (0.98; 1.5) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0) |
D7 [44] | Kohler et al. | 2005 | MEX | 6,423 | 50+ | 2 | Parental education 4 levelse
| Self-reported DM
| OR (CI)h for mother > elementary vs. rest | 0.6 (0.5; 0.8)** | 2 (D = 0; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0) |
D8 [45] | Best et al. | 2005 | USA HRS | 12,589 | 51+ | 4 | Parental education (in years) | Self-reported DM
| β (SE) regression coefficients (linear) | m 0.2 (0.1) w 0.05 (0.1) | 2 (D = 0; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0) |
D9 [50] | Goodman et al. | 2007 | USA PSD | 1,167 | 13-19 | 3 | Parental education; 4 categoriesf
|
HOMA-IR
| β (SE) for high school or less vs. rest | 4.5 (0.78)** | 3 (D = 1; R = 0; E = 1; O = 1, C = 0) |
D10 [48] | Thomas et al. | 2008 | UK | 9,310 | 0 | 45 | Childhoood adversity
g
|
HbA1c ( > 6,0%); MetS
| OR (CI) for mother: little interest in education | 1.4 (0.99; 1.9) | 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 1) |
No. | Authors | Year | Nation/Abbr. | N | Age at baseline | Follow up (years) | Risk factor | Outcome | Effect size (95%CI or SE) (adjusted) | Study quality score1
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O1 [67] | Giskes et al. | 2008 | NL GLOBE | 1,465 | 40-60 | 13 | Father´s occupation blue-, white collar, professional |
Self-reported weight, height², BMI change | OR (CI) blue vs. professional | m 0.9 (0.6; 1.4) w 2.8 (1.6; 5.2) | 1 (D = 0; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 0) |
O2 [65] | Kristensen et al. | 2006 | DK EHYS | 384 | 8-10 (3rd grade) | 6 | Mother´s occupation blue-white collar |
Measured weight, height³, Developing overweight at T2 | OR (CI) blue vs. white collar | 2.4 (1.02; 5.4) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0) |
O3 [54] | Novak et al. | 2005 | SE | 1,044 | 16 | 14 | Father´s occupation blue-white collar |
Measured weight, height (16y)4/self-reported (30y)² | OR (CI) blue vs. white collar | m 1.4 (0.7; 2.6) w 1.4 (0.8; 1.4) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 1) |
O4 [66] | Elgar et al. | 2005 | UK HBSC | 355 | 12.3 (mean) | 4 | Parental occupationb
|
Measured weight, height4
| β (SE) | -0.05 (0.08) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 1) |
O5 [55] | Power et al. | 2003 | UK | 11,405 | 0 | 33 | Father´s occupation 5 levels a
|
Self-reported weight, height; 90th intracohort percentile | OR (CI), continuous variable | m 1.04 (0.9; 1.2) w 1.10 (1.07; 1.1) | 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0) |
O6 [56] | Laitinen et al. | 2001 | FIN | 6,279 | 0 | 31 | Father´s occupation 5 levels b
|
Measured height, weight at 14y6, at 31y2
| β (SE) social class VI vs. IIIb
| m 0.05 (0.16) w 0.48 (0.17) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 1) |
Self-reported weight and height; IOTF cut-points for obesity in youth; BMI ≥30 kg/m² in adulthood Difference in age at onset of obesity
| 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 1) | ||||||||||
O7 [68] | Lee et al. | 2009 | USA Add Health | 9,730 | 12-19 | 7 | Parental education 2 levels </≥high school |
measured weight, height;2,3 become obese, stay obes | β (SE) stay obese | m 0.467(0.147)** w 0.481(0.152)** | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0) |
O8 [60] | Koupil et al. | 2007 | SE | 6,535 (male conscripts) | 18.2 (mean) | 18 | Maternal education 3 levels;c (register data) | Measured height, weight at 18y.² | OR (CI) lowest vs. highest | 1.03 (0.6; 1.8) | 4 (D = 1; R = 0; E = 1; O = 1; C = 1) |
O9 [57] | Salsberry et al. | 2007 | USA NLSCM | 3,368 | 0 | 13 | Maternal education metric- number of years. | Measured height, weight.5,7
| OR (CI) | 0.97 (0.9; 1.03) | 5 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 1) |
O10 [58] | Dubois et al. | 2006 | CDN QLSCD | 1,550 | 0 | 4,5 | Maternal education 4 levelsd
| Measured weight, height.5
| OR (CI) lowest vs. highest | 1.4 (0.8; 2.4) | 5 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 1) |
O11 [61] | Strauss et al. | 1999 | USA NLSY | 2,913 | 0-8 | 6 | Maternal education 3 levelsf
| Measured height, weight; obesity incidence6
| RR (CI) lowest vs. highest | 0.96 (0.7; 1.4) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 1; C = 1) |
[69] | Ballistreri et al. | 2009 | USA ECLS-K | 12,696 | 5-6 (Kindergarten) | 6 | Parental education 3 levelsg
| Measured height, weight, BMI growth curve models | β (SE) for growth in BMI | 0.007* (0.003) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0) |
[59] | Howe et al. | 2010 | UK ALSPAC | 7,772 | 0 | 15-16 | Maternal education 4 levelsh
| DXA- assessed total fat mass | SII (CI) | m 1.21 (1.08;1.36) w 1.34 (1.23;1.46) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0) |
Self-reported weight and height; IOTF cut-points for obesity in youth; BMI > = 30 in adulthood Difference in age at onset of obesity
| 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 0; C = 1) | ||||||||||
O12 [62] | Gordon-Larson et al. | 2007 | USA Add Health | 14,654 | 12-19 | 7 | Family income </≥ 26.000 US$ | Self-reported weight and height;2,3 age at onset of obesity | β (CI) onset low vs. high income | -2.6 (-3.8; -1.3)** | 3 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 0; C = 0) |
O13 [57] | Salsberry et al. | 2007 | USA NLSCM | 3,368 | 0 | 13 | Family income lifetime and 1990 per capita income in US$ | Measured height and weight;5,7
| OR (CI) | 1.0 (0.99; 1.00) | 5 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 1) |
O14 [58] | Dubois et al. | 2006 | CDN QLSCD | 1,550 | 0 | 4,5 | Family income </≥20000 CN$/y | Measured weight, height; Obesity 5
| OR (CI) < vs. ≥ 20000 CN$ | 2.5 (1.3; 4.8)** | 5 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 1) |
O15 [61] | Strauss et al. | 1999 | USA NLSY | 2,913 | 0-8 | 6 | Family income intracohortal 15th/85th percentile | Measured height, weight; obesity incidence6
| RR (CI) lowest vs. highest family income | 2.8 (1.4; 5.8) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 0; O = 1; C = 1) |
O16 [69] | Ballistreri et al. | 2009 | USA ECLS-K | 12,696 | 5-6 (Kindergarten) | 6 | Log transformed yearly Family income in US$ | Measured height, weight, BMI growth curve models | β (SE) for growth in BMI | 0.003 (0.001) | 4 (D = 1; R = 1; E = 1; O = 1; C = 0) |