Background
Burnout among General Practitioners
Sex differences in burnout
Reference
|
Sample(s)
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Significant gender differences in burnout prevalence
|
---|---|---|
[1] | Literature review | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP |
[2] | 694 female and 2225 male Dutch employees | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on PA |
[7] | Literature review | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP |
[21] | Literature review | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP Males score higher on PA |
[49] | 277 female and 216 male Greek teachers | Females score higher on EE |
[50] | 317 female and 77 male Dutch nurses | Males score higher on EE a
DP and PA not measured |
[51] | 93 female and 138 male athletics coaches | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on PA |
[52] | 218 Chinese doctors and nurses | Females score higher on EE |
[53] | 403 female and 664 male Dutch academia | No differences on EE DP and PA not measured |
[54] | 227 female and 243 male Canadian teachers | Males score higher on DP |
[55] | 552 female and 217 male Greek Cypriot school teachers | Females score higher on EE |
[56] | 122 female and 141 male American faculty members | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP |
[57] | 32 female and 68 male American family practice residents
| Males score higher on DP Among males DP increased over time |
[58] | 163 female and 239 male South African doctors
| Females score higher on EE Males score higher on PA |
[59] | 347 female and 248 male American clinical psychologists | Males score higher on DP |
[60] | 154 female and 141 male Turkish teachers | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP |
[61] | 1677 female and 1634 male Finnish physicians
| Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP |
[62] | 336 female teachers and 219 male Spanish teachers | Females score higher on EE Males score higher on DP |
The development of burnout: causal order of the three burnout dimensions
Sex differences in the development of burnout
Aim of the study
Methods
Design, procedure and participants
Measures
Data analyses
Results
Non-response and sample characteristics
Preliminary analyses and research question 1: change in prevalence of burnout over time among male and female GPs
Total
(N = 212)
|
Main effect and effect size time
|
Men
(N = 104)
|
Women
(N = 108)
|
Main effect and effect size gender
|
Interaction time*gender
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD)
|
F (df)
|
p
|
M (SD)
|
M (SD)
|
F (df)
|
p
|
F (df)
|
p
| ||
EE | T1 | 2.06 (1.09) | 30.76 (2, 205) | .00 | 2.07 (1.25) | 2.05 (0.93) | .20 (1) | .66 | 1.80 (2, 205) | .17 |
T2 | 1.63 (0.98) | rT1-T2 = .48 | 1.63 (1.07) | 1.63 (0.88) | ||||||
T3 | 1.74 (1.05) | rT2-T3 = .14 | 1.65 (1.11) | 1.83 (0.99) | ||||||
DEP | T1 | 1.72 (1.09) | 27.15 (2, 205) | .00 | 1.95 (1.24) | 1.50 (0.86) | 10.31 (1) | .00 | 1.72 (2, 205) | .18 |
T2 | 1.47 (0.97) | rT1-T2 = .27 | 1.66 (1.05) | 1.29 (0.84) | ||||||
T3 | 1.25 (0.86) | rT2-T3 = .25 | 1.37 (0.92) | 1.13 (0.78) | rm-f = .22 | |||||
PA | T1 | 5.05 (0.74) | 15.92 (2, 204) | .00 | 5.07 (0.73) | 5.03 (0.75) | .26 (1) | .61 | 1.97 (2, 204) | .14 |
T2 | 5.17 (0.78) | rT1-T2 = .18 | 5.11 (0.87) | 5.24 (0.67) | ||||||
T3 | 5.30 (0.64) | rT2-T3 = .19 | 5.29 (0.65) | 5.29 (0.63) |
Research question 2: causal order of the three burnout dimensions among male and female GPs
Variables
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. EE (1) | -- | .52* | -.11 | .71* | .56* | -.26* | .54* | .34* | -.25* |
2. DEP (1) | .76* | -- | -.17 | .28* | .65* | -.20* | .20* | .53* | -.14 |
3. PB (1) | -.26* | -.24* | -- | -.09 | -.05 | .61* | .12 | -.02 | .62* |
4. EE (2) | .74* | .59* | .33* | -- | .60* | -.41* | .67* | .37* | -.33* |
5. DEP (2) | .52* | .62* | -.29* | .69* | -- | -.29* | .34* | .57* | -.20* |
6. PB (2) | -.22* | -.20* | .53* | -.31* | -.36* | -- | -.34* | -.17 | .68* |
7. EE (3) | .71* | .60* | -.20* | .71* | .49* | -.17 | -- | .46* | -.40* |
8. DEP (3) | .56* | .60* | -.26* | .56* | .57* | -.21* | .75* | -- | -.26* |
9. PB (3) | -.19* | -.17 | .56* | -.26* | -.26* | .60* | -.24* | -.29* | -- |
Χ
2
|
df
|
comp. |
ΔΧ
2
|
Δdf
|
RMSEA
|
NNFI
|
CFI
|
AIC
|
SRMR
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women (N = 104) | ||||||||||
M0 | 35.73* | 18 | .100 | .94 | .97 | 90.43 | .074 | |||
M1
| 14.71 | 12 | M0 - M1 | 21.02* | 6 | .048 | .99 | 1.00 | 80.78 | .053 |
M2 | 17.89 | 12 | M0 - M2 | 17.84* | 6 | .066 | .97 | .99 | 83.18 | .047 |
M3 | 10.54 | 9 | M0 - M3 | 25.19* | 9 | .036 | .99 | 1.00 | 82.14 | .041 |
M1 - M3 | 4.14 | 3 | ||||||||
M2 - M3 | 7.35 | 3 | ||||||||
Men (N = 103) | ||||||||||
M0 | 21.68 | 18 | .045 | .99 | 1.00 | 75.56 | .055 | |||
M1 | 13.82 | 12 | M0 - M1 | 7.86 | 6 | .027 | .99 | 1.00 | 78.85 | .043 |
M2 | 10.62 | 12 | M0 - M2 | 11.06 | 6 | .000 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 76.40 | .044 |
M3 | 8.70 | 9 | M0 - M3 | 12.98 | 9 | .000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 80.41 | .042 |
M1 - M3 | 5.12 | 3 | ||||||||
M2 - M3 | 1.92 | 3 | ||||||||
M3 adj. | 10.28 | 13 | M0 - M3 adj. | 11.40* | 5 | .000 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 74.10 | .044 |