Background
Housing patterns and health inequalities
Housing and mental health
Methodological issues
Methods
Variables
Exposures
Confounders
Analysis
Results
Bivariate analyses
Multivariate analyses
Housing tenure | Difficulty paying bills | Problems with house | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase 1 (1985-88)
|
Owner-occupier
|
Rented housing
|
Slight/no difficulty
|
Some/great difficulty
|
Slight/no problems
|
Some/great problems
| ||||||
Mean or %
|
N
|
Mean or %
|
N
|
Mean or %
|
N
|
Mean or %
|
N
|
Mean or %
|
N
|
Mean or %
|
N
| |
% men | 70.6% | 8998 | 40.8% | 1228 | 67.1% | 6003 | 68.8% | 1649 | 68.0% | 5629 | 66.2% | 2025 |
GHQ | 55.05 | 8986 | 55.43 | 1220 | 54.34 | 6002 | 57.70 | 1648 | 53.99 | 5628 | 58.06 | 2024 |
Age | 44.28 | 8998 | 45.62 | 1228 | 44.70 | 6003 | 43.91 | 1649 | 44.80 | 5629 | 43.80 | 2025 |
% low grade | 16.4% | 8998 | 67.3% | 1228 | 22.2% | 6003 | 29.0% | 1649 | 23.0% | 5629 | 25.3% | 2025 |
% in rented housing | 0.0% | 8998 | 100.0% | 1228 | 11.0% | 5969 | 15.5% | 1636 | 9.7% | 5594 | 18.1% | 2014 |
% some to great difficulty paying bills | 20.7% | 6697 | 27.9% | 908 | 0.0% | 6003 | 100.0% | 1649 | 15.3% | 5622 | 38.9% | 2025 |
% with some to great housing problems | 24.6% | 6701 | 40.2% | 907 | 20.6% | 5999 | 47.8% | 1648 | 0.0% | 5629 | 100.0% | 2025 |
% retired | 0.0% | 8998 | 0.0% | 1228 | 0.0% | 6003 | 0.0% | 1649 | 0.0% | 5629 | 0.0% | 2025 |
% without cohabiting partner | 21.4% | 8967 | 56.9% | 1223 | 25.7% | 5983 | 24.9% | 1633 | 23.4% | 5606 | 31.2% | 2011 |
Phase 9 (2008-09)
| Owner-occupier | Rented housing | Slight/no difficulty | Some/great difficulty | Slight/no problems | Some/great problems | ||||||
Mean or % |
N
| Mean or % |
N
| Mean or % |
N
| Mean or % |
N
| Mean or % |
N
| Mean or % |
N
| |
% men | 71.8% | 6270 | 52.1% | 284 | 71.8% | 6144 | 57.0% | 407 | 71.6% | 5771 | 65.3% | 1023 |
GHQ | 51.98 | 6267 | 55.48 | 284 | 51.67 | 6142 | 59.64 | 407 | 51.22 | 5351 | 56.68 | 915 |
Age | 65.92 | 6270 | 66.37 | 284 | 65.97 | 6144 | 65.27 | 407 | 66.12 | 5415 | 65.45 | 935 |
% low grade | 8.3% | 2380 | 37.6% | 117 | 8.4% | 2333 | 26.1% | 161 | 8.6% | 2014 | 13.9% | 359 |
% in rented housing | 0.0% | 6270 | 100.0% | 284 | 3.7% | 6103 | 13.8% | 400 | 3.5% | 5308 | 8.0% | 900 |
% some to great difficulty paying bills | 5.5% | 6223 | 19.6% | 280 | 0.0% | 6144 | 100.0% | 407 | 4.6% | 5306 | 13.7% | 901 |
% with some to great housing problems | 13.9% | 5949 | 27.8% | 259 | 13.3% | 5842 | 33.7% | 365 | 0.0% | 5771 | 100.0% | 1023 |
% retired | 68.4% | 6007 | 68.7% | 262 | 68.9% | 5884 | 59.8% | 378 | 69.0% | 5202 | 67.5% | 874 |
% without cohabiting partner | 22.8% | 6186 | 61.8% | 272 | 23.7% | 6055 | 37.4% | 398 | 22.6% | 5343 | 34.0% | 912 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Predicted GHQ
| 54.45** | 53.92** | 56.36** |
Age (years)
| -0.12** | -0.13** | -0.18** |
Housing tenure
| |||
Owner-occupier | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Rented housing | 0.71** | 0.25 | -0.10 |
Housing tenure*age
| 0.09** | 0.06* | 0.02 |
Predicted GHQ
| 54.53** | 53.92** | 56.36** |
Age (years)
| -0.12** | -0.13** | -0.18** |
Difficulty paying bills
| |||
Slight to no problems | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Some to great problems | 4.07** | 3.54** | 3.47** |
Bill difficulty*age
| 0.12** | 0.12** | 0.09** |
Predicted GHQ
| 54.45** | 53.92** | 56.36** |
Age (years)
| -0.11** | -0.13** | -0.18** |
Problems with house
| |||
Slight to no problems | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Some to great problems | 3.31** | 2.90** | 2.98** |
House problems*age
| 0.04** | 0.04** | 0.04* |