Background
Methods
Study population
Measurements
Definition of metS
Missing data imputation
variables | Assignments | Missingess Rate | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UA | qualified by their quartiles of P25, P50 and P75 every year; Q1: the UA level ≤ P25, Q2: P25 < the UA level < P50, Q3: P50 < the UA level < P75, Q4: the UA level ≥ P75
| 0 | ||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |||
P25
| 297 | 323 | 302 | 306 | 307 | 323 | ||
P50
| 353 | 372 | 345 | 349 | 353 | 368 | ||
P75
| 406 | 419 | 392 | 397 | 401 | 416 | ||
GGT | gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase , U/L | 1 % | ||||||
ALB | serum albumin, g/L | 1 % | ||||||
GLO | serum globulins, g/L | 1 % | ||||||
BUN | blood urea nitrogen, mg/L | 1 % | ||||||
CREA | serum creatinine, mg/dl | 1 % | ||||||
CHOL | Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 1 % | ||||||
Hb | Hemoglobin, g/L | 1 % | ||||||
HCT | Hematokrit, % | 1 % | ||||||
MCV | mean corpuscular volume, fL | 1 % | ||||||
MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin, pg | 1 % | ||||||
RDW | Red blood cell distribution width, % | 1 % | ||||||
WBC | white blood count, 109g/L | 1 % | ||||||
PDW | Platelet distribution width | 1 % | ||||||
MPV | mean platelet volume, fL | 1 % | ||||||
PCT | Thrombocytocrit, % | 1 % | ||||||
diet | 0: Vegetarian, 1: meat-based, 2: normal, 3: sea food | 17 % | ||||||
drinking | 0: never, 1: seldom, 2: often, wine, 3: often beer, 4: often, Chinese spirits, 5: often, mixed all kinds | 6 % | ||||||
smoking | 0: never, 1: seldom, 2: quit, 3: 1-4/d, 4: 5-15/d, 5: >15/d | 6 % | ||||||
quality of sleep | 0: excellent, 1: well, 2: fair, 3: poor, 4: very poor | 6 % | ||||||
exercise | 0: never, 1: seldom, 2: often or everyday | 6 % |
UA Levels and potential confounding factors
Statistical analysis
Results
Estimate | Standard Error | Z | Pr > |Z| | RR | lower 95% Confidence Limits | upper 95% Confidence Limits | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartiles of UA
| 0.2587 | 0.0448 | 5.78 | <.0001 | 1.2952 | 1.1864 | 1.4141 |
age
| 0.0243 | 0.0031 | 7.94 | <.0001 | 1.0246 | 1.0185 | 1.0308 |
GGT
| 0.0095 | 0.0012 | 8.15 | <.0001 | 1.0095 | 1.0072 | 1.0118 |
ALB
| 0.037 | 0.0097 | 3.8 | 0.0001 | 1.0377 | 1.0181 | 1.0576 |
GLO
| −0.0574 | 0.0172 | −3.33 | 0.0009 | 0.9442 | 0.9128 | 0.9766 |
BUN | −0.0083 | 0.0431 | −0.19 | 0.8474 | 0.9917 | 0.9114 | 1.0792 |
CREA | −0.0004 | 0.0053 | −0.08 | 0.933 | 0.9996 | 0.9894 | 1.0099 |
CHOL
| 0.3292 | 0.0491 | 6.7 | <.0001 | 1.3899 | 1.2623 | 1.5304 |
Hb
| 0.0242 | 0.0052 | 4.67 | <.0001 | 1.0245 | 1.0142 | 1.0350 |
HCT | 0.0119 | 0.0173 | 0.69 | 0.4913 | 1.0120 | 0.9782 | 1.0470 |
MCV
| −0.0296 | 0.0112 | −2.64 | 0.0083 | 0.9708 | 0.9496 | 0.9924 |
MCH
| 0.0905 | 0.0286 | 3.17 | 0.0015 | 1.0947 | 1.0351 | 1.1579 |
RDW | −0.0613 | 0.0674 | −0.91 | 0.3632 | 0.9405 | 0.8242 | 1.0734 |
WBC
| 0.1391 | 0.0276 | 5.05 | <.0001 | 1.1492 | 1.0888 | 1.2130 |
PDW | 0.0045 | 0.0299 | 0.15 | 0.8795 | 1.0045 | 0.9474 | 1.0651 |
MPV | −0.0034 | 0.0623 | −0.05 | 0.9563 | 0.9966 | 0.8821 | 1.1259 |
PCT | −1.4813 | 1.0857 | −1.36 | 0.1725 | 0.2273 | 0.0271 | 1.9092 |
diet | −0.0248 | 0.0535 | −0.46 | 0.6433 | 0.9755 | 0.8784 | 1.0834 |
drinking | 0.0172 | 0.029 | 0.59 | 0.5539 | 1.0173 | 0.9611 | 1.0768 |
smoking | 0.0044 | 0.0241 | 0.18 | 0.8536 | 1.0044 | 0.9582 | 1.0530 |
quality of sleep | −0.0242 | 0.062 | −0.39 | 0.696 | 0.9761 | 0.8644 | 1.1021 |
exercise | 0.015 | 0.103 | 0.15 | 0.8841 | 1.0151 | 0.8295 | 1.2423 |
Estimate | Error | Z | Pr > |Z| | RR | lower 95 % Confidence Limits | upper 95 % Confidence Limits | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −5.3378 | 1.4182 | −3.76 | 0.0002 | |||
Q4
|
0.5259
|
0.1194
|
4.41
|
<.0001
|
1.6920
|
1.3390
|
2.1381
|
Q3 | 0.1856 | 0.1244 | 1.49 | 0.1357 | 1.2039 | 0.9435 | 1.5363 |
Q2 | 0.0709 | 0.1274 | 0.56 | 0.5778 | 1.0735 | 0.8363 | 1.3780 |
Q1 | 0 | 0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
time
|
0.3072
|
0.026
|
11.84
|
<.0001
|
1.3596
|
1.2923
|
1.4306
|
baseage
|
0.0308
|
0.0034
|
9.16
|
<.0001
|
1.0313
|
1.0245
|
1.0381
|
GGT
|
0.0091
|
0.0011
|
7.96
|
<.0001
|
1.0091
|
1.0069
|
1.0115
|
ALB | −0.018 | 0.018 | −1 | 0.3197 | 0.9822 | 0.9481 | 1.0176 |
GLO
|
0.0228
|
0.0103
|
2.21
|
0.0268
|
1.0231
|
1.0026
|
1.0439
|
CHOL
|
0.1285
|
0.0468
|
2.74
|
0.0061
|
1.1371
|
1.0374
|
1.2463
|
Hb
|
0.012
|
0.0046
|
2.63
|
0.0086
|
1.0121
|
1.0031
|
1.0212
|
MCV
|
−0.1321
|
0.019
|
−6.96
|
<.0001
|
0.8763
|
0.8443
|
0.9095
|
MCH
|
0.2862
|
0.0462
|
6.19
|
<.0001
|
1.3314
|
1.2160
|
1.4575
|
WBC
|
0.1531
|
0.0242
|
6.33
|
<.0001
|
1.1654
|
1.1115
|
1.2220
|
Quartiles | Estimate | Error | Z | Pr > |Z| | RR | lower 95 % Confidence Limits | upper 95 % Confidence Limits |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −0.3359 | 0.8418 | −0.4 | 0.6899 | |||
Q4
|
0.9224
|
0.0695
|
13.28
|
<.0001
|
2.5153
|
2.1953
|
2.8823
|
Q3
|
0.7133
|
0.0653
|
10.92
|
<.0001
|
2.0407
|
1.7955
|
2.3194
|
Q2
|
0.4271
|
0.0634
|
6.73
|
<.0001
|
1.5328
|
1.3536
|
1.7357
|
Q1 | 0 | 0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
hypertension
|
0.1446
|
0.0581
|
2.49
|
0.0128
|
1.1556
|
1.0312
|
1.2950
|
dyslipidemia
|
0.2913
|
0.0484
|
6.02
|
<.0001
|
1.3382
|
1.2170
|
1.4712
|
hyperglycemia | −0.0503 | 0.0778 | −0.65 | 0.5176 | 0.9509 | 0.8164 | 1.1075 |
time | −0.0117 | 0.0191 | −0.61 | 0.5417 | 0.9884 | 0.9520 | 1.0261 |
baseage
|
0.0055
|
0.0023
|
2.42
|
0.0155
|
1.0055
|
1.0010
|
1.0101
|
GGT
|
0.0061
|
0.0013
|
4.86
|
<.0001
|
1.0061
|
1.0036
|
1.0085
|
ALB
|
−0.044
|
0.0096
|
−4.56
|
<.0001
|
0.9570
|
0.9390
|
0.9752
|
GLO | −0.0075 | 0.0063 | −1.2 | 0.2319 | 0.9925 | 0.9805 | 1.0048 |
CHOL | 0.0115 | 0.0269 | 0.43 | 0.6702 | 1.0116 | 0.9595 | 1.0663 |
Hb
|
0.0188
|
0.0028
|
6.81
|
<.0001
|
1.0190
|
1.0135
|
1.0245
|
MCV | −0.0147 | 0.0109 | −1.34 | 0.179 | 0.9854 | 0.9646 | 1.0067 |
MCH | −0.0155 | 0.0264 | −0.59 | 0.5574 | 0.9846 | 0.9349 | 1.0370 |
WBC
|
0.0597
|
0.0162
|
3.68
|
0.0002
|
1.0615
|
1.0283
|
1.0959
|
Estimate | Error | Z | Pr > |Z| | RR | lower 95 % Confidence Limits | upper 95 % Confidence Limits | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −5.9514 | 1.0022 | −5.94 | <.0001 | |||
Q4
|
0.3953
|
0.0822
|
4.81
|
<.0001
|
1.4848
|
1.2639
|
1.7444
|
Q3
|
0.1751
|
0.0804
|
2.18
|
0.0294
|
1.1914
|
1.0178
|
1.3947
|
Q2 | −0.0189 | 0.0808 | −0.23 | 0.8146 | 0.9813 | 0.8375 | 1.1496 |
Q1 | 0 | 0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
hyperglycemia
|
0.345
|
0.0843
|
4.09
|
<.0001
|
1.4120
|
1.1969
|
1.6658
|
dyslipidemia
|
−0.3991
|
0.0596
|
−6.69
|
<.0001
|
0.6709
|
0.5969
|
0.7541
|
obesity
|
0.1882
|
0.0584
|
3.22
|
0.0013
|
1.2071
|
1.0766
|
1.3534
|
time
|
0.101
|
0.0218
|
4.64
|
<.0001
|
1.1063
|
1.0600
|
1.1544
|
baseage
|
0.0686
|
0.0027
|
25.55
|
<.0001
|
1.0710
|
1.0655
|
1.0767
|
GGT
|
0.0077
|
0.001
|
7.62
|
<.0001
|
1.0077
|
1.0057
|
1.0097
|
ALB | 0.0028 | 0.0119 | 0.23 | 0.8149 | 1.0028 | 0.9797 | 1.0263 |
GLO
|
0.0155
|
0.0071
|
2.19
|
0.0285
|
1.0156
|
1.0016
|
1.0298
|
CHOL | 0.0216 | 0.0314 | 0.69 | 0.4923 | 1.0218 | 0.9608 | 1.0867 |
Hb
|
0.0135
|
0.0031
|
4.31
|
<.0001
|
1.0136
|
1.0074
|
1.0198
|
MCV
|
−0.0276
|
0.0131
|
−2.1
|
0.0357
|
0.9728
|
0.9481
|
0.9982
|
MCH | 0.0114 | 0.032 | 0.36 | 0.722 | 1.0115 | 0.9500 | 1.0768 |
WBC
|
0.0538
|
0.0186
|
2.8900
|
0.0039
|
1.0553
|
1.0175
|
1.0945
|
Estimate | Error | Z | Pr > |Z| | RR | lower 95 % Confidence Limits | upper 95 % Confidence Limits | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −0.4838 | 0.8527 | −0.57 | 0.5704 | |||
Q4
|
0.4752
|
0.0713
|
6.66
|
<.0001
|
1.6083
|
1.3985
|
1.8498
|
Q3
|
0.1815
|
0.067
|
2.71
|
0.0068
|
1.1990
|
1.0514
|
1.3672
|
Q2 | 0.0526 | 0.0659 | 0.8 | 0.4247 | 1.0540 | 0.9264 | 1.1993 |
Q1 | 0 | 0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
hyperglycemia
|
0.1725
|
0.0795
|
2.17
|
0.03
|
1.1883
|
1.0168
|
1.3886
|
hypertension
|
−0.4309
|
0.0603
|
−7.15
|
<.0001
|
0.6499
|
0.5775
|
0.7315
|
obesity
|
0.2916
|
0.0485
|
6.02
|
<.0001
|
1.3386
|
1.2173
|
1.4720
|
time
|
−0.23
|
0.0196
|
−11.75
|
<.0001
|
0.7945
|
0.7646
|
0.8256
|
baseage
|
−0.009
|
0.0023
|
−3.86
|
0.0001
|
0.9910
|
0.9865
|
0.9956
|
GGT
|
0.0106
|
0.0013
|
8.39
|
<.0001
|
1.0107
|
1.0081
|
1.0131
|
ALB | 0.0005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.9605 | 1.0005 | 0.9810 | 1.0204 |
GLO
| 0.0101 | 0.0063 | 1.59 | 0.1109 | 1.0102 | 0.9977 | 1.0229 |
CHOL
| −0.0465 | 0.027 | −1.72 | 0.085 | 0.9546 | 0.9054 | 1.0064 |
Hb
|
0.0108
|
0.0027
|
3.96
|
<.0001
|
1.0109
|
1.0055
|
1.0163
|
MCV
|
−0.097
|
0.0114
|
−8.51
|
<.0001
|
0.9076
|
0.8875
|
0.9281
|
MCH
|
0.2093
|
0.0278
|
7.53
|
<.0001
|
1.2328
|
1.1674
|
1.3017
|
WBC
|
0.163
|
0.0166
|
9.8
|
<.0001
|
1.1770
|
1.1393
|
1.2160
|
Discussions
Quartiles | Estimate | Error | Z | Pr > |Z| | RR | lower 95 % Confidence Limits | upper 95 % Confidence Limits |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −3.9156 | 1.2888 | −3.04 | 0.0024 | |||
Q4
|
−0.3752
|
0.1069
|
−3.51
|
0.0004
|
0.6872
|
0.5573
|
0.8473
|
Q3
|
−0.5427
|
0.1084
|
−5.01
|
<.0001
|
0.5812
|
0.4700
|
0.7188
|
Q2
|
−0.3063
|
0.1026
|
−2.98
|
0.0028
|
0.7362
|
0.6021
|
0.9002
|
Q1 | 0 | 0 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
hypertension
|
0.3269
|
0.0875
|
3.74
|
0.0002
|
1.3867
|
1.1681
|
1.6461
|
dyslipidemia
|
0.1672
|
0.0799
|
2.09
|
0.0363
|
1.1820
|
1.0108
|
1.3822
|
obesity | 0.007 | 0.0774 | 0.09 | 0.9277 | 1.0070 | 0.8652 | 1.1721 |
time
|
0.2352
|
0.0279
|
8.43
|
<.0001
|
1.2652
|
1.1978
|
1.3363
|
baseage
|
0.0327
|
0.0033
|
10.03
|
<.0001
|
1.0332
|
1.0266
|
1.0399
|
GGT
|
0.0056
|
0.001
|
5.59
|
<.0001
|
1.0056
|
1.0036
|
1.0076
|
ALB | 0.0218 | 0.016 | 1.36 | 0.1735 | 1.0220 | 0.9904 | 1.0545 |
GLO | −0.0014 | 0.0093 | −0.15 | 0.8834 | 0.9986 | 0.9805 | 1.0170 |
CHOL
|
0.2507
|
0.0405
|
6.19
|
<.0001
|
1.2849
|
1.1868
|
1.3911
|
Hb
|
−0.0101
|
0.0041
|
−2.47
|
0.0136
|
0.9900
|
0.9820
|
0.9979
|
MCV
|
−0.0935
|
0.0186
|
−5.04
|
<.0001
|
0.9107
|
0.8782
|
0.9445
|
MCH
|
0.2233
|
0.0436
|
5.12
|
<.0001
|
1.2502
|
1.1476
|
1.3618
|
WBC
|
0.0753
|
0.0236
|
3.1900
|
0.0014
|
1.0782
|
1.0294
|
1.1293
|