Background
Methods
Sample and procedure
Measures
Data analysis
Results
Sample characteristics
Total | Non-seatbelt use of driver | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | |
All | 13722 | 3879 | 28.4 | |
Male | 10603 | 77.4 | 3160 | 29.9 |
Female | 3095 | 22.6 | 719 | 23.3 |
Age (by self-report) | ||||
<18 | 180 | 1.3 | 85 | 47.5 |
18–25 | 2379 | 17.4 | 803 | 33.8 |
26–59 | 10950 | 79.9 | 2922 | 26.8 |
60 or more | 191 | 1.4 | 63 | 33.2 |
Type of car
| ||||
Mini-truck | 6948 | 50.7 | 2157 | 31.1 |
Saloon | 5416 | 39.6 | 1326 | 24.5 |
Mini bus | 965 | 7.0 | 209 | 21.7 |
Truck | 365 | 2.7 | 179 | 49.0 |
Region
| ||||
North | 3575 | 26.1 | 1196 | 33.5 |
Central | 3455 | 25.2 | 1057 | 30.2 |
Northeast | 3333 | 24.3 | 427 | 14.4 |
South | 3359 | 24.5 | 1151 | 34.3 |
Data collection time
| ||||
07.00-09.00 | 3897 | 28.4 | 1114 | 28.7 |
13.00-15.00 | 3914 | 28.5 | 1158 | 29.7 |
17.00-19.00 | 3918 | 28.6 | 1019 | 26.1 |
22.00-24.00 | 1993 | 14.5 | 530 | 29.7 |
Date of data collection
| ||||
13 April 2007 | 3401 | 24.8 | 1065 | 31.5 |
14 April | 3435 | 25.0 | 1030 | 30.0 |
15 April | 3442 | 25.1 | 860 | 25.0 |
16 April 2007 | 3444 | 24.1 | 926 | 27.0 |
Location of data collection
| ||||
Main road in town | 4677 | 34.1 | 1569 | 33.7 |
Roads out of town | 4623 | 33.7 | 1333 | 28.9 |
Highway | 4422 | 32.2 | 979 | 22.2 |
Seatbelt use experiences, attitudes and road safety awareness campaign exposure
Variables | Response options | Total | Non-seatbelt use of driver | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | ||||
Seatbelt use experiences and attitudes
| |||||
Been in accident before | No | 10123 | 74.4 | 2726 | 27.0 |
Yes | 3482 | 25.6 | 1104 | 31.8 | |
Driver status when in accident | Driver | 2603 | 75.5 | 812 | 31.3 |
Passenger | 775 | 22.5 | 242 | 31.2 | |
Pedestrian | 69 | 2.0 | 28 | 40.6 | |
Not usually used a seatbelt before | No | 6372 | 46.6 | 2303 | 36.3 |
Yes | 7310 | 53.4 | 1567 | 21.5 | |
Intention to use a seatbelt | No | 5662 | 41.5 | 1777 | 31.5 |
Yes | 7978 | 58.5 | 2081 | 26.2 | |
Awareness of danger of no seatbelt use | Low | 652 | 4.8 | 270 | 41.4 |
Moderate | 5769 | 42.2 | 1756 | 30.5 | |
High | 7243 | 53.0 | 1841 | 25.5 | |
Perceived risk about being caught by the police because of not wearing a seatbelt | No risk | 1961 | 14.4 | 553 | 28.2 |
Low risk | 2494 | 18.3 | 821 | 32.9 | |
Moderate risk | 5209 | 38.2 | 1367 | 26.3 | |
High risk | 3975 | 29.1 | 1122 | 28.4 | |
Caught not wearing a seatbelt | No | 10045 | 73.6 | 2885 | 28.8 |
Yes | 3608 | 26.4 | 978 | 27.3 | |
Exposure to road safety awareness (RSA) campaign
| |||||
Heard of RSA campaign | No | 1312 | 9.6 | 396 | 30.3 |
Yes | 12410 | 90.4 | 3485 | 28.2 | |
Frequency of exposure to RSA campaign | Never | 1059 | 7.8 | 365 | 34.5 |
Not often | 7342 | 54.1 | 2048 | 28.0 | |
Frequently | 4928 | 36.3 | 1374 | 27.9 | |
Not sure | 235 | 1.7 | 68 | 28.9 | |
Talking to others about RSA campaign | Never | 3878 | 28.3 | 1316 | 34.0 |
Ever | 7795 | 57.0 | 1999 | 25.7 | |
Not sure | 2014 | 14.7 | 553 | 27.5 | |
Follows TV news on RTI statistics | Never | 1288 | 9.4 | 561 | 43.7 |
Not often | 7569 | 55.4 | 2149 | 28.5 | |
Frequently | 4287 | 31.4 | 1024 | 24.0 | |
Not sure | 514 | 3.8 | 129 | 25.3 | |
How feels about RSA campaign | Not like | 952 | 7.0 | 332 | 34.9 |
Like a little bit | 7566 | 55.2 | 2324 | 30.8 | |
Like very much | 4567 | 33.3 | 1047 | 23.0 | |
Not sure | 610 | 4.5 | 162 | 26.6 | |
Perceived effect of RSA campaign | Low | 1492 | 10.9 | 450 | 30.4 |
Medium | 4700 | 34.4 | 1621 | 34.6 | |
High | 7473 | 54.7 | 1798 | 24.1 |
Association between non-seatbelt use and demographics, experiences, attitudes and RSA campaign exposure
Variables | Unadjusted Odds Ratio | Adjusted Odds Ratioa
| |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics
| Female vs. Male | 1.41 (1.28-1.54)*** | 1.19 (1.06-1.34)** |
Age
| |||
<18 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
18–25 | 0.57 (0.42-0.77)*** | 0.79 (0.54-1.14) | |
26–59 | 0.40 (0.30-0.54)*** | 0.65 (0.45-0.93)* | |
60 or more | 0.55 (0.36-0.84)*** | 0.76 (0.46-1.26) | |
Region
| |||
North | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Central | 0.88 (0.80-0.97)* | 0.75 (0.67-0.85)*** | |
Northeast | 0.34 (0.30-0.38)*** | 0.27 (0.23-0.31)*** | |
South | 1.04 (0.94-1.15) | 1.01 (0.90-1.21) | |
Environmental factors
| Mini-truck (Pickup) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Saloon | 0.72 (0.66-0.78)*** | 0.70 (0.63-0.77)*** | |
Mini bus | 0.61 (0.52-0.72)*** | 0.53 (0.44-0.64)*** | |
Truck | 2.13 (1.72-2.65)*** | 1.91 (1.48-2.46)*** | |
Day of Songkran festival
| |||
13 April 2007 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
14 April | 0.94 (0.84-1.04) | 0.95 (0.84-1.07) | |
15 April | 0.73 (0.65-0.81)*** | 0.77 (0.68-0.87)*** | |
16 April 2007 | 0.80 (0.72-0.89)*** | 0.80 (0.71-0.91)*** | |
Time of the day
| |||
07.00-09.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
13.00-15.00 | 1.05 (0.95-1.16) | 1.04 (0.92-1.16) | |
17.00-19.00 | 0.88 (0.80-0.97)* | 0.87 (0.78-0.98)* | |
22.00-24.00 | 1.05 (0.93-1.18) | 1.05 (0.91-1.20) | |
Type of road
| |||
Main road in town | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Roads out of town | 0.80 (0.73-0.88)*** | 0.70 (0.63-0.78)*** | |
Highway | 0.56 (0.51-0.62)*** | 0.52 (0.47-0.59)*** | |
Seatbelt use experiences and attitudes
| Been in accident before | 1.26 (1.16-1.37)*** | 1.18 (1.07-1.30)*** |
Driver status when in accident | |||
Driver | 1.00 | --- | |
Passenger | 1.00 (0.84-1.19) | ||
Pedestrian | 1.50 (0.92-2.45) | ||
Not usually used a seatbelt | 2.08 (1.93-2.25)*** | 2.40 (2.19-2.63)*** | |
No intention to use a seatbelt | 1.30 (1.20-1.40)*** | 1.28 (1.17-1.41)** | |
Awareness of danger of no seatbelt use
| |||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Moderate | 1.29 (1.19-1.39)*** | 1.47 (1.34-1.62)*** | |
Low | 2.07 (1.75-2.44)*** | 1.55 (1.28-1.89)*** | |
Perceived risk to be caught with no seatbelt use
| |||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Moderate | 0.90 (0.82-0.99)* | 0.82 (0.73-0.92)*** | |
No/low | 1.13 (1.03-1.24)* | 0.97 (0.86-1.09) | |
Caught not wearing a seatbelt | 0.93 (0.85-1.01) | --- | |
Exposure to road safety awareness campaign
| Not heard RSA campaign | 1.11 (0.98-1.25) | --- |
Frequency of exposure to RSA campaign
| |||
Frequently | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Not often | 1.00 (0.93-1.10) | 1.08 (0.97-1.19) | |
Never/not sure | 1.30 (1.14-1.48)*** | 1.92 (1.82-2.29)*** | |
Not talking to others about RSA campaign | 1.49 (1.37-1.62)*** | 1.14 (1.04-1.26)** | |
Follows RTI stats
| |||
Frequently | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Not often | 1.26 (1.16-1.38)*** | 1.18 (1.06-1.31)** | |
Never, not sure | 1.99 (1.77-2.24)*** | 1.72 (1.48-1.99)*** |