Background
Methods
Study population
Definitions
Dependent variable
Independent variables
Statistics
Men (n = 12,726) | Women (n = 15,472) | Total (n = 28,198) | |
---|---|---|---|
Self rated health
| |||
Good | 72.6 | 70.0 | 71.2 |
Poor | 27.4 | 30.0 | 28.8 |
(Missing) | (250) | (396) | (646) |
Age
| |||
18-24 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 8.8 |
25-34 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 13.2 |
35-44 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 16.9 |
45-54 | 17.7 | 18.5 | 18.1 |
55-64 | 21.2 | 19.3 | 20.1 |
65-80 | 24.2 | 21.9 | 22.9 |
(Missing) | (0) | (0) | (0) |
Country of birth
| |||
Sweden | 86.1 | 85.9 | 86.0 |
Other country | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.0 |
(Missing) | (273) | (282) | (555) |
Socioeconomic status
| |||
Higher non-manual | 10.2 | 8.1 | 9.1 |
Medium non-manual | 12.0 | 16.3 | 14.3 |
Lower non-manual | 4.8 | 9.5 | 7.4 |
Skilled manual | 10.7 | 8.7 | 9.6 |
Unskilled manual | 11.6 | 11.1 | 11.3 |
Self-employed/farmer | 7.7 | 3.7 | 5.5 |
Early retired | 3.2 | 4.6 | 4.0 |
Unemployed | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
Student | 4.9 | 6.7 | 5.9 |
Old age pensioner | 26.2 | 23.2 | 24.6 |
Unclassified | 4.7 | 3.4 | 4.0 |
Long term sick leave | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
(Missing) | (212) | (244) | (456) |
Emotional support
| |||
High | 62.8 | 69.6 | 66.6 |
Low | 37.2 | 30.4 | 33.4 |
(Missing) | (289) | (357) | (646) |
Instrumental support
| |||
High | 71.3 | 76.6 | 74.2 |
Low | 28.7 | 23.4 | 25.8 |
(Missing) | (295) | (338) | (633) |
Trust (horizontal)
| |||
High | 66.1 | 64.3 | 65.2 |
Low | 33.9 | 35.7 | 34.8 |
(Missing) | (522) | (685) | (1207) |
Daily smoking
| |||
No | 87.4 | 85.1 | 86.1 |
Yes | 12.6 | 14.9 | 13.9 |
(Missing) | (169) | (184) | (353) |
Alcohol consumption
| |||
Non-risk | 78.4 | 89.9 | 84.5 |
Risk-high risk | 21.6 | 10.1 | 15.5 |
(Missing) | (1397) | (2513) | (3910) |
Economic stress in childhood
| |||
No significant problem | 63.2 | 62.5 | 62.8 |
Less severe and/or shorter period | 27.1 | 27.7 | 27.4 |
Severe and/or longer period | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 |
(Missing) | (341) | (354) | (695) |
Economic stress in adulthood
| |||
Never | 79.5 | 76.5 | 77.8 |
Occasionally | 14.1 | 15.7 | 15.0 |
Half the year | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
Every month | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
(Missing) | (307) | (335) | (642) |
Men (n = 12,726) | Women (n = 15,472) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
% | OR(95%CI) | % | OR(95%CI) | |
Age
| ||||
18-24 | 13.7 | 1.00 | 21.2 | 1.00 |
25-34 | 15.2 | 1.12 (0.93-1.34) | 20.0 | 0.93 (0.80-1.08) |
35-44 | 20.4 | 1.60 (1.35-1.90) | 24.3 | 1.19 (1.03-1.38) |
45-54 | 31.6 | 2.89 (2.45-3.41) | 30.2 | 1.60 (1.39-1.86) |
55-64 | 35.8 | 3.49 (2.97-4.11) | 38.6 | 2.33 (2.02-2.69) |
65-80 | 40.5 | 4.27 (3.63-5.02) | 44.5 | 2.98 (2.59-3.42) |
(Missing) | (250) | (396) | ||
Country of birth
| ||||
Sweden | 25.7 | 1.00 | 28.1 | 1.00 |
Other country | 32.1 | 1.37 (1.25-1.50) | 36.8 | 1.49 (1.36-1.63) |
(Missing) | (456) | (616) | ||
Socioeconomic status
| ||||
Higher non-manual | 14.2 | 1.00 | 14.5 | 1.00 |
Medium non-manual | 13.2 | 0.91 (0.74-1.13) | 16.8 | 1.20 (0.97-1.48) |
Lower non-manual | 22.3 | 1.72 (1.36-2.18) | 22.3 | 1.70 (1.37-2.11) |
Skilled manual | 24.4 | 1.94 (1.60-2.36) | 24.5 | 1.92 (1.54-2.38) |
Unskilled manual | 25.0 | 2.00 (1.65-2.42) | 28.0 | 2.30 (1.87-2.82) |
Self-employed/farmer | 19.7 | 1.48 (1.19-1.83) | 17.8 | 1.28 (0.97-1.70) |
Early retired | 81.4 | 26.11 (19.79-34.44) | 83.8 | 30.44 (23.08-40.14) |
Unemployed | 42.3 | 4.40 (3.50-5.55) | 41.8 | 4.24 (3.33-5.40) |
Student | 15.6 | 1.11 (0.88-1.40) | 19.7 | 1.45 (1.16-1.82) |
Old age pensioner | 39.1 | 3.87 (3.25-4.61) | 44.0 | 4.65 (3.84-5.63) |
Unclassified | 19.5 | 1.45 (1.16-1.83) | 23.1 | 1.77 (1.37-2.30) |
Long term sick leave | 89.9 | 52.90 (28.67-97.60) | 89.7 | 51.27 (30.92-85.04) |
(Missing) | (417) | (605) | ||
Emotional support
| ||||
High | 20.8 | 1.00 | 23.4 | 1.00 |
Low | 37.1 | 2.25 (2.08-2.43) | 43.5 | 2.52 (2.33-2.72) |
(Missing) | (466) | (686) | ||
Instrumental support
| ||||
High | 22.0 | 1.00 | 24.5 | 1.00 |
Low | 39.1 | 2.28 (2.10-2.47) | 45.3 | 2.55 (2.35-2.76) |
(Missing) | (473) | (665) | ||
Trust (horizontal)
| ||||
High | 22.0 | 1.00 | 23.5 | 1.00 |
Low | 34.0 | 1.82 (1.69-1.97) | 38.4 | 2.02 (1.88-2.18) |
(Missing) | (706) | (1010) | ||
Daily smoking
| ||||
No | 24.4 | 1.00 | 27.9 | 1.00 |
Yes | 42.1 | 2.25 (2.03-2.48) | 40.3 | 1.75 (1.59-1.93) |
(Missing) | (351) | (518) | ||
Alcohol consumption
| ||||
Non-risk | 24.9 | 1.00 | 27.0 | 1.00 |
Risk-high risk | 27.3 | 1.13 (1.03-1.25) | 27.5 | 1.02 (0.89-1.16) |
(Missing) | (1541) | (2783) | ||
Economic stress in childhood
| ||||
No significant problem (1) | 21.9 | 1.00 | 24.9 | 1.00 |
Less severe and/or shorter period (2) | 31.8 | 1.66 (1.52-1.81) | 35.7 | 1.67 (1.54-1.81) |
Severe and/or longer period (3) | 44.5 | 2.85 (2.53-3.22) | 43.0 | 2.27 (2.02-2.56) |
(Missing) | (490) | (690) | ||
Economic stress in adulthood
| ||||
Never (1) | 23.5 | 1.00 | 25.9 | 1.00 |
Occasionally (2) | 32.4 | 1.56 (1.40-1.72) | 34.1 | 1.48 (1.34-1.62) |
Half the year (3) | 45.5 | 2.71 (2.25-3.27) | 44.4 | 2.28 (1.92-2.72) |
Every month (3) | 54.6 | 3.89 (3.26-4.65) | 58.6 | 4.04 (3.43-4.76) |
(Missing) | (491) | (669) |
Risk accumulation | % | OR(95% CI)a
| OR(95% CI)b
| OR(95% CI)c
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Lowest (1 + 1) | 21.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
(1 + 2) or (2 + 1) | 29.1 | 1.55 (1.45-1.65) | 1.54 (1.45-1.65) | 1.59 (1.49-1.70) |
(1 + 3), (2 + 2) or (3 + 1) | 40.1 | 2.52 (2.34-2.72) | 2.51 (2.33-2.71) | 2.78 (2.57-3.00) |
(2 + 3) or (3 + 2) | 48.7 | 3.60 (3.20-4.05) | 3.58 (3.18-4.03) | 4.41 (3.90-4.99) |
Highest (3 + 3) | 61.5 | 5.99 (4.91-7.32) | 5.98 (4.90-7.31) | 7.40 (6.02-9.10) |
OR(95% CI)
d
|
OR(95% CI)
e
|
OR(95% CI)
f
|
OR(95% CI)
g
| |
Lowest (1 + 1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
(1 + 2) or (2 + 1) | 1.57 (1.48-1.68) | 1.56 (1.45-1.66) | 1.49 (1.39-1.59) | 1.46 (1.36-1.57) |
(1 + 3), (2 + 2) or (3 + 1) | 2.69 (2.49-2.91) | 2.54 (2.35-2.75) | 2.37 (2.18-2.56) | 2.32 (2.14-2.52) |
(2 + 3) or (3 + 2) | 4.26 (3.77-4.82) | 3.98 (3.51-4.51) | 3.48 (3.06-3.95) | 3.37 (2.96-3.83) |
Highest (3 + 3) | 6.95 (5.64-8.56) | 6.29 (5.10-7.76) | 5.48 (4.42-6.80) | 5.37 (4.32-6.68) |
OR(95% CI)
h
|
OR(95% CI)
i
|
OR(95% CI)
j
| ||
Lowest (1 + 1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
(1 + 2) or (2 + 1) | 1.43 (1.33-1.53) | 1.40 (1.30-1.50) | 1.36 (1.26-1.47) | |
(1 + 3), (2 + 2) or (3 + 1) | 2.20 (2.02-2.39) | 2.11 (1.94-2.30) | 2.01 (1.84-2.20) | |
(2 + 3) or (3 + 2) | 3.18 (2.78-3.63) | 2.98 (2.60-3.40) | 2.83 (2.44-3.28) | |
Highest (3 + 3) | 4.81 (3.85-6.02) | 4.40 (3.52-5.51) | 5.24 (4.01-6.83) |
Critical period | OR(95% CI)a
| OR(95% CI)b
| OR(95% CI)c
| OR(95% CI)d
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic stress in childhood
| ||||
No significant problem (1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Less severe and/or shorter period (2) | 1.55 (1.46-1.65) | 1.55 (1.46-1.65) | 1.48 (1.39-1.57) | 1.46 (1.37-1.55) |
Severe and/or longer period (3) | 2.27 (2.08-2.48) | 2.27 (2.09-2.48) | 2.05 (1.87-2.24) | 1.96 (1.78-2.14) |
Economic stress in adulthood
| ||||
Never (1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Occasionally (2) | 1.42 (1.32-1.52) | 1.41 (1.31-1.51) | 1.89 (1.75-2.04) | 1.87 (1.73-2.02) |
Half the year/every month (3) | 2.84 (2.59-3.12) | 2.83 (2.58-3.10) | 3.80 (3.45-4.18) | 3.73 (3.38-4.11) |
OR(95% CI)
e
|
OR(95% CI)
f
|
OR(95% CI)
g
|
OR(95% CI)
h
| |
Economic stress in childhood
| ||||
No significant problem (1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Less severe and/or shorter period (2) | 1.44 (1.35-1.53) | 1.37 (1.28-1.46) | 1.36 (1.27-1.45) | 1.34 (1.25-1.43) |
Severe and/or longer period (3) | 1.88 (1.72-2.07) | 1.79 (1.63-1.97) | 1.80 (1.63-1.97) | 1.73 (1.57-1.91) |
Economic stress in adulthood
| ||||
Never (1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Occasionally (2) | 1.83 (1.69-1.97) | 1.73 (1.60-1.87) | 1.71 (1.58-1.85) | 1.66 (1.53-1.80) |
Half the year/every month (3) | 3.44 (3.12-3.79) | 3.16 (2.86-3.49) | 3.06 (2.76-3.38) | 2.86 (2.58-3.17) |
OR(95% CI)
i
|
OR(95% CI)
j
| |||
Economic stress in childhood
| ||||
No significant problem (1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Less severe and/or shorter period (2) | 1.32 (1.24-1.42) | 1.29 (1.20-1.39) | ||
Severe and/or longer period (3) | 1.70 (1.54-1.87) | 1.65 (1.48-1.84) | ||
Economic stress in adulthood
| ||||
Never (1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Occasionally (2) | 1.59 (1.47-1.73) | 1.55 (1.42-1.69) | ||
Half the year/every month (3) | 2.68 (2.41-2.98) | 2.78 (2.48-3.13) |
Social mobility (childhood-adulthood) | % | OR(95% CI)a
| OR(95% CI)b
| OR(95% CI)c
|
---|---|---|---|---|
No-Never (1 to 1)
| 21.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No-occasionally (1 to 2)
| 27.4 | 1.42 (1.28-1.57) | 1.86 (1.67-2.07) | 1.51 (1.34-1.70) |
No-half the year/every month (1 to 3)
| 47.3 | 3.39 (2.96-3.87) | 4.32 (3.76-4.96) | 2.90 (2.46-3.42) |
(N = 16878)
| ||||
Social mobility (childhood-adulthood)
|
%
|
OR(95% CI)
a
|
OR(95% CI)
b
|
OR(95% CI)
c
|
Less severe-Never (2 to 1)
| 29.9 | 0.71 (0.63-0.80) | 0.51 (0.45-0.58) | 0.62 (0.54-0.72) |
Less severe-occasionally (2 to 2)
| 37.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Less severe-half the year/every month (2 to 3)
| 50.3 | 1.70 (1.42-2.02) | 1.69 (1.41-2.03) | 1.52 (1.22-1.89) |
(N = 7386)
| ||||
Social mobility (childhood-adulthood)
|
%
|
OR(95% CI)
a
|
OR(95% CI)
b
|
OR(95% CI)
c
|
Severe-Never (3 to 1)
| 38.4 | 0.39 (0.32-0.49) | 0.29 (0.23-0.36) | 0.31 (0.23-0.42) |
Severe-occasionally (3 to 2)
| 46.6 | 0.55 (0.42-0.71) | 0.51 (0.39-0.67) | 0.48 (0.34-0.67) |
Severe-half the year/every month (3 to 3)
| 61.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
(N = 2592)
|