Background
Aim
Methods
Searching
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ASSIA
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CINAHL
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Conference Proceedings Citation Index
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Criminal Justice Abstracts
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Dissertation Abstracts
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EconLit
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Embase
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ERIC
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HMIC
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Inside Conferences
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Medline
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NCJRS
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PsycInfo
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Science Citation Index
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Social Policy & Practice
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Social Science Citation Index
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Sociological Abstracts
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Urban Studies Abstracts
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Google and Google Scholar (using a simplified version of the main search string and screening the first 50 hits from each);
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citation chasing from the studies included in the review;
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citation chasing from relevant systematic reviews located by the searches (i.e. which met all the inclusion criteria except that relating to study design);
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searches of websites of government bodies, research groups and other relevant organisations; and
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consultation with members of the research team and the Advisory Group.
Screening
Data extraction and quality assessment
Data synthesis
Results
First author and reference | Location | Data collection methods* | Research question or focus | Population included | QA |
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Edinburgh | Individual interviews | Effects of place on wellbeing, esp. physical incivilities | Women aged 45-59 | A | |
Newcastle-upon-Tyne | Focus groups and participatory methods | Effects of FoC on social inclusion and citizenship | Young people aged 16-25 | C | |
Bannister [14] | Glasgow | Focus groups | Relations between physical environment and FoC | General population | C |
Hertfordshire; nr Nottingham | Focus groups and participant observation | Perceptions of woodland and associated FoC | General population, esp. women | B | |
Cozens [18] | S Wales | Questionnaires, focus groups, virtual reality ‘walk-through’ | Perceptions of safety in railway stations | General population | C |
Crime Concern [19] | NR | Focus groups | Perceptions of safety in pedestrian journeys | General population | C |
Crime Concern [20] | Various (England & Wales) | Focus groups, escorted journeys | Perceptions of safety and FoC on public transport | General population | C |
Davis [21] | Birmingham | Questionnaires, focus groups | Perceptions of risk, esp. relating to transport | Children and young people aged 9-14 | C |
Day [22] | Glasgow and environs | Individual interviews, focus groups, observation | Effects of physical environment on wellbeing | Older people aged >60 | A |
Dixey [23] | Leeds | Individual interviews | Parents’ perceptions of child safety | Mothers of primary-school-aged children | B |
London; Glasgow | Individual interviews | Perceptions of crime and the environment | General population | B | |
Macclesfield; Prestbury (Cheshire) | Individual interviews, focus groups, observation | Perceptions of crime | General population | B | |
N England | Questionnaires, focus groups | Gender differences in FoC | Young people aged 11-16 | C | |
NR | Individual interviews | Experiences of FoC | General population | C | |
Hopkins [35] | Glasgow | Individual interviews, focus groups | Experiences of FoC | Young Muslim men aged 16-25 | C |
Innes [36] | Blackpool; Oldham; London | Individual interviews | Perceptions of crime, anti-social behaviour and physical incivilities | General population | C |
Jones [37] | NR | Focus groups | Perceptions of risk and constraints on behaviour; ethnic differences | Young women aged 11–14, most Asian | B |
Edinburgh | Individual interviews | Relation between FoC and built environment | Women | B | |
Little [41] | Devon | Individual interviews | FoC in rural areas | Women | B |
Mitchell [42] | NE England | Individual interviews | Mothers’ perceptions of risk for children | Young mothers aged 15-24 | C |
Manchester; Lancaster | Individual interviews, focus groups | Fear of violence and its relation to spatiality | Lesbians and gay men | C | |
Nayak [46] | NE England | Questionnaires | Experiences of FoC | Young people aged 12-15 | C |
Nelson [47] | Cardiff; Gloucester; Worcester | Individual interviews | Perceptions of security shutters | General population | C |
Newcastle-upon-Tyne and environs | Individual and couple interviews | Perceptions of crime | Older people | C | |
Pain [50] | Newcastle-upon-Tyne | Focus groups | Perceptions of safety | General population | B |
Gateshead | Focus groups, questionnaires, participatory methods | Perceptions of risk and leisure time; role of mobile phones | Young people aged 10-16 | C | |
Pain [53] | Northumberland | Focus groups, observation | Perceptions of street lighting and FoC | General population | B |
Parry [54] | W Midlands | Focus groups | Effects of community factors on health | Young people aged 16–20 and older people aged >60 | B |
Seabrook [55] | N England | Pair interviews, participatory methods | Perceptions of risk, place and leisure time | Girls and young women aged 10–17 | C |
Squires [56] | Brighton | Individual interviews | Evaluation of CCTV system | General population | C |
Taylor [57] | Manchester; Sheffield | Focus groups | Wellbeing and social change | General population | C |
Trayers [58] | SW England | Focus groups | Views on planned neighbourhood renewal intervention | General population | A |
Turner [59] | Glasgow and environs | Individual interviews, focus groups | Perceptions of risk and safety | Children and young people aged 8–14 | A |
Reading | Individual interviews, focus groups | Fear of male violence and perceptions of public space | Women | A | |
Valentine [64] | Peak District | Individual and couple interviews | Parents’ views of children’s safety in rural area | Parents of 8-11-year-old children | C |
Salford | Individual interviews, focus groups, observation, content analysis | Perceptions of risk, FoC and community | General population | C | |
Waters [67] | Glamorgan; Loughborough | Questionnaires, focus groups, virtual reality ‘walk-throughs’ | Perceptions of safety on university campuses | University staff and students | A |
S Wales | Focus groups, virtual reality ‘walk-throughs’ | Perceptions of crime, FoC and community | Older people aged >65 | A | |
Watson [70] | Leeds | Individual interviews, observation | Experiences of risk w/r/t leisure time | Young mothers | C |
London | Individual interviews, focus groups, observation | Impact of FoC on mental health | General population; people with mental health problems | A |