Background
Methods
Results
Prevalences and characteristics of hypertensive study participants
Females (N = 734) | Males (N = 1027) | Total (N = 1761) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N |
% (95% CI
2
)
| N |
% (95% CI
2
)
| N |
% (95% CI
2
)
| |
optimal
| 23 |
3.0
| 9 |
0.5
| 32 |
1.6
|
syst: <120 mmHg/diast: <80 mmHg |
(1.7 – 4.3)
|
(0.1 – 0.9)
|
(1.0 – 2.2)
| |||
normal
| 53 |
6.8
| 29 |
2.5
| 82 |
4.4
|
syst: 120–129 mmHg/diast: 80–84 mmHg |
(4.9 – 8.7)
|
(1.5 – 3.5)
|
(3.4 – 5.4)
| |||
high-normal
| 94 |
12.6
| 78 |
6.7
| 172 |
9.3
|
syst: 130–139 mmHg/diast: 85–89 mmHg |
(10.1 – 15.1)
|
(5.1 – 8.3)
|
(7.9 – 10.7)
| |||
mild hypertension (grade 1)
| 215 |
31.3
| 325 |
35.4
| 540 |
33.6
|
syst: 140–159 mmHg/diast: 90–99 mmHg |
(27.8 – 34.7)
|
(32.3 – 38.6)
|
(31.3 – 36.0)
| |||
moderate hypertension (grade 2)
| 97 |
13.7
| 192 |
20.5
| 289 |
17.5
|
syst:160–179 mmHg/diast: 100–109 mmHg |
(11.2 – 16.3)
|
(17.7 – 23.3)
|
(15.6–19.5)
| |||
severe hypertension (grade 3)
| 41 |
5.1
| 80 |
7.1
| 121 |
6.3
|
syst: ≥180 mmHg/diast: ≥110 mmHg |
(3.5 – 6.8)
|
(5.5 – 8.7)
|
(5.1 – 7.4)
| |||
isolated systolic hypertension
| 211 |
27.4
| 314 |
27.2
| 525 |
27.3
|
syst: ≥140 mmHg/diast: <90 mmHg |
(24.1 – 30.8)
|
(24.4 – 30.3)
|
(25.1 – 29.5)
|
Antihypertensive treatment
Females (N = 509) | Males (N = 565) | Total (N = 1074) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active agents
| N |
% (95% CI
2
)
|
N
|
% (95% CI
2
)
| N |
% (95% CI
2
)
|
Beta blockers
| 335 |
66.2
| 336 |
61.2
| 671 |
63.7
|
(61.8 – 70.5)
|
(56.8 – 65.5)
|
(60.6 – 66.8)
| ||||
ACE-inhibitors
| 252 |
49.6
| 334 |
55.3
| 586 |
52.4
|
(45.0 – 54.2)
|
(50.9 – 59.7)
|
(49.2 – 55.6)
| ||||
Diuretics
| 242 |
45.0
| 233 |
37.2
| 475 |
41.1
|
(40.7 – 49.4)
|
(32.7 – 41.7)
|
(38.0 – 44.3)
| ||||
Calcium channel blocker
| 160 |
28.9
| 187 |
32.3
| 347 |
30.6
|
(24.9 – 32.9)
|
(28.0 – 36.7)
|
(27.6 – 33.6)
| ||||
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
| 108 |
20.1
| 98 |
17.3
| 206 |
18.7
|
(16.4 – 23.8)
|
(13.9 – 20.6)
|
(16.2 – 21.2)
| ||||
Antiadrenergic substances
3
| 22 |
4.4
| 34 |
5.4
| 56 |
4.9
|
(2.5 – 6.3)
|
(3.2 – 7.7)
|
(3.4 – 6.4)
| ||||
Vasodilators
4
| 2 |
0.3
| 1 |
0.2
| 3 |
0.2
|
(0.0 – 0.8)
|
(0.0 – 0.5)
|
(0.0 – 0.5)
| ||||
Other types
| - |
-
| 1 |
0.2
| 1 |
0.1
|
(0.0 – 0.6)
|
(0.0 – 0.3)
|
Analysis of determinants for normotensive blood pressure values
Female (N = 734) | Male (N = 1027) | Total (N = 1761) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N/Ntot
|
% (95% CI
2
)
| N/Ntot
|
% (95% CI
2
)
| N/Ntot
|
% (95% CI
2
)
| |
Patients without risk-comorbidity
3
| (N = 487) | (N = 680) | (N = 1167) | |||
no antihypertensive drugs
| 74/174 |
40.4
| 152/380 |
41.6
| 226/554 |
41.2
|
(33.0 – 47.8)
|
(36.4 – 46.8)
|
(37.0 – 45.5)
| ||||
mono therapy
| 58/122 |
46.5
| 36/129 |
31.4
| 94/251 |
39.1
|
(37.3 – 55.6)
|
(22.4 – 40.2)
|
(32.7 – 45.5)
| ||||
combination therapy
| 92/191 |
49.0
| 77/171 |
42.3
| 169/362 |
46.1
|
(41.4 – 56.6)
|
(34.1 – 50.5)
|
(40.5 – 51.6)
| ||||
total
| 224/487 |
45.1
| 265/680 |
39.8
| 489/1167 |
42.1
|
(40.6 – 49.7)
|
(35.8 – 43.8)
|
(39.1 – 45.1)
| ||||
Patients with risk-comorbidity
4
| (N = 247) | (N = 347) | (N = 594) | |||
no antihypertensive drugs
| 17/51 |
33.9
| 13/82 |
13.0
| 30/133 |
21.7
|
(20.5 – 47.3)
|
(5.6 – 20.4)
|
(14.5 – 28.9)
| ||||
mono therapy
| 8/39 |
21.8
| 3/56 |
5.8
| 11/95 |
12.5
|
(7.7 – 35.9)
|
(0.0 – 12.5)
|
(5.2 – 19.8)
| ||||
combination therapy
| 37/157 |
21.8
| 53/209 |
26.7
| 90/366 |
24.4
|
(15.7 – 27.9)
|
(19.0 – 34.5)
|
(19.4 – 29.5)
| ||||
total
| 62/247 |
24.5
| 69/347 |
19.6
| 131/594 |
21.7
|
(19.0 – 29.9)
|
(14.3 – 24.8)
|
(17.9 – 25.5)
|
1. Model: Substances | 2. Model: Therapy | |
---|---|---|
Independent variables
|
OR
2
(95% CI
3
)
|
OR
2
(95% CI
3
)
|
Sex (ref. male)
| ||
female
|
1.29 (1.03–1.63) (p = 0.030)
|
1.33 (1.05–1.67) (p = 0.016)
|
Age in years (cont. variable)
| ||
0.98 (0.97–0.99) (p = 0.001)
|
0.98 (0.97–0.99) (p = 0.001)
| |
Risk-comorbidity (ref. no)
| ||
yes
|
0.39 (0.30–0.52) (p < 0.0001)
|
0.40 (0.30–0.53) (p < 0.0001)
|
Obesity (ref. no)
| ||
yes
|
0.60 (0.48–0.76) (p < 0.0001)
|
0.62 (0.49–0.77) (p < 0.0001)
|
Active smoker
4
(ref. no)
| ||
yes
| 0.97 (0.73–1.30) (p = 0.845) | 0.97 (0.73–1.30) (p = 0.839) |
Household size (ref. > 1 pers.)
| ||
1 person
| 1.19 (0.91–1.57) (p = 0.208) | 1.19 (0.91–1.57) (p = 0.206) |
Antihypertensive therapy(ref. no)
| ||
mono therapy
| - | 0.93 (0.69–1.26) (p = 0.650) |
combination therapy
| - |
1.54 (1.16–2.05) (p = 0.003)
|
Beta blocker (ref. no)
| ||
yes
|
1.28 (1.01–1.64) (p = 0.044)
| - |
ACE-inhibitors (ref. no)
| ||
yes
| 1.04 (0.78–1.38) (p = 0.792) | - |
Diuretics (ref. no)
| ||
yes
| 1.32 (0.95–1.84) (p = 0.097) | - |
Calcium channel blocker (ref. no)
| ||
yes
| 1.03 (0.76–1.40) (p = 0.841) | - |
Angiotensin II receptor antag. (ref. no)
| ||
yes
| 1.13 (0.76–1.67) (p = 0.546) | - |
Antiadrenergic substances
5
(ref. no)
| ||
yes
| 1.16 (0.54–2.48) (p = 0.698) | - |