Background
Methods/Design
Study sample
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria included
Description of field staff
Participant recruitment
Participant screening
Data collection
Baseline interview
Mechanisms of change variables
HIV knowledge
Self-efficacy towards condom use
Outcome expectancies
Randomization
Overview of intervention and control condition
Intervention condition
Didactic control condition
Outcome ascertainment
Biological sample transport
Pre- and post-test counseling and referrals
Participant incentives
Follow-up interviews
Cohort retention
Fidelity
Contamination
Power calculations
Results
Variable | Total (n = 400) |
Hombre Seguro(n = 200) | Didactic Control (n = 200) | p** |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics
| ||||
Age (years) | 37 (30, 45) | 37 (30, 44) | 38 (30, 45.75) | .26 |
Hispanic (v. non-Hispanic) | 350 (87.5%) | 174 (87.0%) | 176 (88.0%) | .76 |
U.S.-born | 82 (20.5%) | 43 (21.5%) | 39 (19.5%) | .62 |
Live in U.S. (v. Mexico) | 197 (49.3%) | 100 (50.0%) | 97 (48.5%) | .76 |
Ever deported from U.S. | 136 (34.0%) | 71 (35.5%) | 65 (32.5%) | .53 |
Married/common law | 126 (31.5%) | 60 (30.0%) | 66 (33.0%) | .52 |
Has a wife, steady partner, or girlfriend | 186 (46.5%) | 93 (46.5%) | 93 (46.5%) | 1.00 |
Resides with spouse or steady partner | 108 (27.0%) | 52 (26.0%) | 56 (28.0%) | .65 |
# of years of education | 9 (7, 12) | 9 (6, 12) | 9 (7, 12) | .69 |
Has children | 276 (69.0%) | 129 (64.5%) | 147 (73.5%) | .05 |
Employed | 250 (62.5%) | 131 (65.5%) | 119 (59.5%) | .22 |
Annual income | 18 K (8 K, 30 K) | 19 K (9 K, 35 K) | 18 K (8 K, 27 K) | .48 |
Bisexual (v. Heterosexual) | 44 (11.0%) | 22 (11.0%) | 22 (11.0%) | 1.00 |
Jailed* | 77 (19.3%) | 38 (19.0%) | 39 (19.5%) | .90 |
Parole* | 19 (4.8%) | 11 (5.5%) | 8 (4.0%) | .48 |
Alcohol and Drug Risks
| ||||
AUDIT score ≥ 8 | 197 (49.3%) | 103 (51.5%) | 94 (47.0%) | .37 |
Ever used any illicit drug | 373 (93.3%) | 183 (91.5%) | 190 (95.0%) | .16 |
Recently used any illicit drug* | 321 (80.3%) | 158 (79.0% | 163 (81.5%) | .88 |
Sexual Risks
| ||||
Drunk during sex with a FSW* | ||||
Never | 167 (41.8%) | 79 (39.5%) | 88 (44.0%) | .46 |
Once in a while | 80 (20.0%) | 42 (21.0%) | 38 (19.0%) | |
Fairly often | 91 (22.8%) | 43 (21.5%) | 48 (24.0%) | |
Very often | 62 (15.5%) | 36 (18.0%) | 26 (13.0%) | |
“High” on drugs during sex with a FSW* | ||||
Never | 100 (25.0%) | 51 (25.5%) | 49 (24.5%) | .83 |
Once in a while | 30 (7.5%) | 17 (8.5%) | 13 (6.5%) | |
Fairly often | 101 (25.3%) | 51 (25.5%) | 50 (25.0%) | |
Very often | 169 (42.3%) | 81 (40.5%) | 88 (44.0%) | |
# Times had vaginal/anal sex with a FSW* | 4.5 (2, 10) | 4.5 (2, 9) | 4.5 (2, 10) | .67 |
# Unprotected vaginal/anal sex acts with a FSW* | 3.0 (2, 7) | 3.0 (2, 6) | 3.0 (2, 8) | .77 |
# Unprotected vaginal/anal sex acts with a spouse/steady partner*a
| 21.5 (8, 50) | 20 (8, 52.5) | 24 (8.5, 48) | .60 |
# Unprotected vaginal/anal sex acts with non-commercial casual partners* | 4 (2, 10) | 5 (2, 11.5) | 4 (2, 10) | .73 |
HIV/STI Services and Laboratory Results
| ||||
Ever had an HIV test | 180 (45.0%) | 87 (43.5%) | 93 (46.5%) | .55 |
Tested positive for any STI | 31 (7.8%) | 14 (7.0%) | 17 (8.5%) | .58 |
Tested positive for Syphilis | 12 (3.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | .80 |
Tested positive for Gonorrhea | 2 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1.00 |
Tested positive for Chlamydia | 19 (4.8%) | 8 (4.0%) | 11 (5.5%) | .48 |
Sociodemographics
Alcohol and drug risks
Sexual risks
HIV/STI Services and laboratory results
San Diego vs. Tijuana participants
Variable | Total (n = 400) | San Diego(n = 197) | Tijuana (n = 203) | p** |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics
| ||||
Age (years) | 37 (30, 45) | 38 (29, 45) | 37 (30, 45) | .75 |
Hispanic (v. non-Hispanic) | 350 (87.5%) | 153 (77.7%) | 197 (97.0%) | <.001 |
U.S.-born | 82 (20.5%) | 78 (39.6%) | 4 (2.0%) | <.001 |
Ever deported from U.S. | 136 (34.0%) | 23 (11.7%) | 113 (55.7%) | <.001 |
Married/common law | 126 (31.5%) | 44 (22.3%) | 82 (40.4%) | <.001 |
Has a wife, steady partner, or girlfriend | 186 (46.5%) | 83 (42.1%) | 103 (50.7%) | .08 |
Resides with spouse or steady partner | 108 (27.0%) | 41 (20.8%) | 67 (33.0%) | .006 |
# of years of education | 9 (7, 12) | 11 (8, 12) | 9 (6, 11) | <.001 |
Has children | 276 (69.0%) | 129 (65.5%) | 147 (72.4%) | .13 |
Employed | 250 (62.5%) | 133 (67.5%) | 117 (57.6%) | .04 |
Annual income | 18 K (8 K, 30 K) | 18 K (8.4 K, 30 K) | ||
Bisexual (v. Heterosexual) | 44 (11.0%) | 21 (10.7%) | 23 (11.3%) | .83 |
Jailed* | 77 (19.3%) | 31 (15.7%) | 46 (22.7%) | .08 |
Parole* | 19 (4.8%) | 13 (6.6%) | 6 (3.0%) | .09 |
Alcohol and Drug Risks
| ||||
AUDIT score ≥ 8 | 197 (49.3%) | 101 (51.3%) | 96 (47.3%) | .43 |
Ever used any illicit drug | 373 (93.3%) | 187 (94.9%) | 186 (91.6%) | .19 |
Recently used any illicit drug* | 321 (80.3%) | 167 (84.8%) | 154 (75.9%) | .07 |
Sexual Risks
| ||||
Drunk during sex with a FSW* | ||||
Never | 167 (41.8%) | 78 (39.6%) | 89 (43.8%) | .81 |
Once in a while | 80 (20.0%) | 41 (20.8%) | 39 (19.2%) | |
Fairly often | 91 (22.8%) | 45 (22.8%) | 46 (22.7%) | |
Very often | 62 (15.5%) | 33 (16.8%) | 29 (14.3%) | |
“High” on drugs during sex with a FSW* | ||||
Never | 100 (25.0%) | 40 (20.3%) | 60 (29.6%) | .18 |
Once in a while | 30 (7.5%) | 15 (7.6%) | 15 (7.4%) | |
Fairly often | 101 (25.3%) | 51 (25.9%) | 50 (24.6%) | |
Very often | 169 (42.3%) | 91 (46.2%) | 78 (38.4%) | |
# Times had vaginal/anal sex with a FSW* | 4.5 (2, 10) | 6 (3, 11) | 4 (2, 8) | .67 |
# Unprotected vaginal/anal sex acts with a FSW* | 3.0 (2, 7) | 3 (2, 8) | 3 (2, 6) | .62 |
# Unprotected vaginal/anal sex acts with a spouse/steady partner*a
| 21.5 (8, 50) | 30 (10, 60) | 20 (7, 48) | .27 |
# Unprotected vaginal/anal sex acts with non-commercial casual partners* | 4 (2, 10) | 4 (2, 10) | 5 (2, 12) | .96 |
HIV/STI Services and Laboratory Results
| ||||
Ever had an HIV test | 180 (45.0%) | 88 (44.7%) | 92 (45.3%) | .90 |
Tested positive for any STI | 31 (7.8%) | 17 (8.6%) | 14 (6.9%) | .52 |
Tested positive for Syphilis | 12 (3.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | 6 (3.0%) | .20 |
Tested positive for Gonorrhea | 2 (<1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | .98 |
Tested positive for Chlamydia | 19 (4.8%) | 11 (5.6%) | 8 (3.9%) | .44 |