Background
Methods
Population
Measures and procedures
Analysis
Results
SDQ TDS $ | Parent-defined difficulties | High sub- scale/impairment | Combination of these three scores $ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 707) |
% (n)
|
%
| % | % | % |
Elevated score | 9.8 | 8.2 | 6.4 | 13.6 | |
Gender child
|
ns
|
*
|
ns
|
**
| |
Boy | 49 (345) | 11.9 | 10.7 | 7.5 | 17.7 |
Girl | 51 (362) | 7.7 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 9.7 |
Age of the child#
|
ns
|
ns
|
ns
|
Ns
| |
7 years | 11 (75) | 4.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 5.3 |
8 years | 7 (53) | 11.3 | 15.1 | 5.7 | 20.8 |
9 years | 28 (198) | 10.6 | 9.6 | 7.1 | 14.1 |
10 years | 22 (159) | 10.1 | 8.2 | 5.7 | 14.5 |
11 years | 23 (161) | 10.6 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 12.4 |
12 years | 9 (61) | 9.8 | 11.5 | 9.8 | 16.4 |
Ethnic background
|
ns
|
ns
|
ns
|
ns
| |
Netherlands or other industrialised country | 83 (589) | 9.2 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 13.2 |
Non-industrialised country | 7 (46) | 15.2 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 17.4 |
Unknown | 10 (72) | 11.1 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 13.9 |
Family situation
|
ns
|
ns
|
ns
|
nS
| |
Two parents | 86 (607) | 9.1 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 13.0 |
One parent | 10 (73) | 16.4 | 9.6 | 12.3 | 19.2 |
Unknown | 3 (27) | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 16.7 |
Parenting situation
|
ns
|
*
|
*
|
ns
| |
2 biological parents | 81 (574) | 8.7 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 12.2 |
1 biological parent | 14 (99) | 16.2 | 13.1 | 11.1 | 21.2 |
Other/unknown | 5 (34) | 8.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 14.7 |
Work situation
|
*
|
ns
|
**
|
ns
| |
No job | 3 (22) | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
One full-time job | 30 (212) | 8.0 | 9.0 | 3.8 | 12.3 |
One part-time job | 4 (27) | 7.4 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 7.4 |
One full-time + one part-time job | 42 (298) | 9.1 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 12.8 |
Both part-time | 8 (60) | 5.0 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 13.3 |
Both full-time | 3 (18) | 11.1 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 11.1 |
Unknown | 10 (70) | 21.4 | 11.4 | 17.1 | 24.3 |
Education
|
*
|
ns
|
ns
|
*
| |
(None) elementary school | 3 (19) | 21.1 | 15.8 | 0.0 | 31.6 |
Lower education | 25 (178) | 12.9 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 16.9 |
Medium education | 32 (228) | 10.1 | 8.8 | 5.7 | 13.6 |
Higher education | 33 (236) | 5.5 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 9.3 |
Unknown | 6 (46) | 13.0 | 8.7 | 10.9 | 15.2 |
Validity
Elevated SDQ TDS* | Parent-defined difficulties | High sub-scale score/impairment | Combination of these three scores* | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kappa 95% CI | Sens. 95% CI | Spec. 95% CI | Kappa 95% CI | Sens. 95% CI | Spec. 95% CI | Kappa 95% CI | Sens. 95% CI | Spec. 95% CI | Kappa 95% CI | Sens. 95% CI | Spec. 95% CI | |
CBCL Total problems | 0.64 (0.54–0.74) | 0.75 (0.63–0.86) | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 0.45 (0.33–0.57) | 0.50a (.37–0.63) | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | 0.54 (0.42–0.66) | 0.52 (0.39–0.65) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.55 (0.45–0.65) | 0.80a (0.70–0.91) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) |
CBCL Internalising problems | 0.47 (0.36–0.58) | 0.51 (0.40–0.63) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 0.46 (0.35–0.57) | 0.46 (0.34–0.57) | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | 0.43 (0.32–0.55) | 0.39b (0.28–0.50) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.50 (0.40–0.60) | 0.65b (0.54–0.76) | 0.92 (0.90–0.94) |
CBCL Externalising problems | 0.50 (0.38–0.61) | 0.73 (0.59–0.86) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 0.37 (0.24–0.49) | 0.50 (0.35–0.65) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 0.46 (0.33–0.60) | 0.53 (0.37–0.68) | 0.96 (0.95–0.98) | 0.39 (0.29–0.50) | 0.75 (0.62–0.88) | 0.90 (0.88–0.92) |
Treatment status | 0.32 (0.20–0.44) | 0.46 (0.32–0.60) | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 0.37 (0.24–0.49) | 0.46 (0.32–0.60) | 0.94 (0.93–0.96) | 0.32 (0.19–0.45) | 0.35 (0.22–0.49) | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 0.34 (0.24–0.45) | 0.60 (0.46–0.74) | 0.90 (0.87–0.92) |
Added value
Clinical CBCL total clinical score | Clinical CBCL Internalising problems score | Clinical CBCL Externalising problems score | Being treated for psychosocial problems | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
Elevated SDQ TDS cut-off ≥ 14 | ||||
PCH detects problems yes (vs no)* | 2.59 (1.23–5.47) | 3.58 (2.01–6.40) | 1.92 (0.85–4.32) ns | 7.20 (3.46–14.99) |
Elevated SDQ score yes (vs no) | 49.93 (23.67–105.36) | 12.92 (6.97–23.92) | 31.69 (13.96–71.98) | 5.54 (2.78–11.06) |
Parent-defined difficulties | ||||
PCH detects problems yes (vs no)* | 3.57 (1.85–6.89) | 3.56 (1.99–6.35) | 2.79 (1.30–5.97) | 6.72 (3.20–14.11) |
Elevated SDQ score yes (vs no) | 16.33 (6.20–24.45) | 12.52 (6.52–24.03) | 10.44 (4.85–22.48) | 7.02 (3.44–14.34) |
High sub-scale score/impairment | ||||
PCH detects problems yes (vs no)* | 3.47 (1.76–6.85) | 3.96 (1.80–6.29) | 2.55 (1.17–5.57) | 7.72 (3.72–16.00) |
Elevated SDQ score yes (vs no) | 26.76 (12.53–57.17) | 13.79 (6.74–28.21) | 19.64 (8.81–43.81) | 5.68 (2.66–12.11) |
Combination of these three scores$ | ||||
PCH detects problems yes (vs no)* | 1.96 (0.95–4.06) ns | 2.63 (1.43–4.85) | 1.73 (0.78–3.83) ns | 5.75 (2.70–12.25) |
Elevated SDQ score yes (vs no) | 36.04 (16.66–77.96) | 15.17 (8.26–27.88) | 21.29 (9.24–49.06) | 6.75 (3.40–13.41) |