Background
Methods
Search strategy
Study selection
Definition of chronic kidney disease
Data extraction
Results
Study characteristics
Prevalence of CKD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author [ref.] year | Country | Study population, study design, number of participants, response, age, gender | MDRD equation | CG/BSA equation | |||
Amato et al. [18] 2005 | Mexico | Randomly selected participants from primary care facilities in a large city, cross-sectional study, N = 3564, response NR, aged >18 yrs., gender NR. | NR | Overall: 8.5% | |||
Brown et al. [19] 2005 | USA | Participants of the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) in 33 states, cross-sectional study, N = 6071, response NR, aged 18–101 yrs. (mean age: 52 yrs.), 32% males. | Overall: 15.6% Men: 14.4%, Women: 16.2% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | |||||
18–30 | 2.4% | 2.7% | |||||
31–45 | 5.4% | 6.4% | |||||
46–60 | 9.5% | 11.5% | |||||
61–75 | 24.3% | 29.9% | |||||
76+ | 45.6% | 45.0% | |||||
Coresh et al. [20] 2005 | USA | Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1999–2000), cross-sectional study, N = 4101, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47.7% males. | Overall: 3.8% Men: 2.7%, women: 4.8% White: 4.2%, African American: 3.4%, Mexican American: 1.2%, other: 3.2% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | |||||||
20–39 | 0.5% | ||||||
40–59 | 1.5% | ||||||
60–69 | 6.2% | ||||||
70+ | 23.1% | ||||||
Coresh et al. [21] 2003 | USA | Participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988–1994), cross-sectional study, N = 15600, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs., 47% males. | Overall: 4.5% Men: 3.6%, Women: 5.3% White: 5.0%, African American: 3.3%, Mexican American: 1.0%, other: 2.2% | Overall: 7.0% Men: 6.3%, Women: 7.7% White: 7.5%, African American: 7.8%, Mexican American: 1.8%, other: 4.1% | |||
Age (yrs.) | Age (yrs.) | ||||||
20–39 | 0.2% | 20–39 | - | ||||
40–59 | 1.8% | 40–59 | 0.8% | ||||
60–69 | 7.6% | 60–69 | 10.5% | ||||
70+ | 24.9% | 70+ |
4
9.2%
| ||||
Fox et al. [22] 2006 | USA | Participants from the sixth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study, cohort study, N = 3047, response NR, mean age: 59 yrs., 48% males. | Overall: 8.6% | NR | |||
Garg et al. [23] 2004 | Canada | Participants from long-term care facilities in the elderly, retrospective cross-sectional study, N = 9931, response 85%, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 82 yrs.), 26% males. | Overall: 35.7% Men: 27.1%, Women: 38.8% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | |||||
65–69 | 9.2% | 22.8% | |||||
70–74 | 14.9% | 23.8% | |||||
75–79 | 21.7% | 29.2% | |||||
80–84 | 27.5% | 35.2% | |||||
85–89 | 32.8% | 41.9% | |||||
90–94 | 40.5% | 47.3% | |||||
95+ | 37.8% | 50.7% | |||||
Hemmelgarn et al. [24] 2006 | Canada | Participants from community-dwelling elderly in Calgary Health region, cohort study, N = 10184, response NR, aged ≥ 66 yrs., 42.6% males. | Overall: 35.4% Men: 32%, Women: 38.2% | NR | |||
Kramer et al. [25] 2005 | USA | Participants of the Dallas Heart Study, cross-sectional survey, N = 2660, response NR, aged 30–65 yrs.(mean age: 43.9 yrs.), 49.5% males. | Overall: 1.5% | NR | |||
Manjunath et al. [26] 2003 | USA | Participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), cohort study, N = 4893, response NR, aged ≥ 65 yrs. (mean age: 75.4 yrs.), 44.5% males. | Overall: 23.4% Men: 25%, Women: 22.2% | NR | |||
McClellan et al. [27] 2006 | USA | Randomly selected participants of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, cohort study, N = 20667, response NR, aged ≥ 45 yrs., 48.8% males. | Overall: 43.3% Men: 38.9%, Women: 47.5% White: 49.9%, African American: 33.7% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | |||||||
45–54 | 19.3% | ||||||
55–64 | 31.6% | ||||||
65–74 | 51.3% | ||||||
75–84 | 62.7% | ||||||
85+ | 71.0% |
Prevalence of CKD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author [ref.] year | Country | Study population, study design, number of participants, response, age, gender | MDRD equation | CG/BSA equation | |||
Brugts et al. [28] 2005 | Netherlands | Participants of the Rotterdam Study, prospective cohort study, N = 4484, response 78%, aged ≥ 55 yrs. (mean age: 69.6 yrs.), 36.3% males. | NR | Overall: 44.9% | |||
Cirillo et al. [29] 2006 | Italy | Participants from central Italy, cross-sectional study, N = 4574, response NR, aged 18–95 yrs., 45.5% males. | Overall: 6.4% Men: 6.5%, Women: 6.2% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | |||||
18–44 | 0.6% | 1.3% | |||||
45–54 | 2.6% | 1.3% | |||||
55–64 | 7.3% | 5.4% | |||||
65–74 | 15.0% | 11.0% | |||||
75+ | 34.5% | 31.6% | |||||
Hallan et al. [30] 2006 | Norway | Participants of the second Health Survey of Nord-Trondelag County (HUNT II), cross-sectional study, N = 65181, response 70.4%, aged ≥ 20 yrs. (mean age: 50.2 yrs.), 46.8% men. | Overall: 4.7% Men: 3.6%, Women: 5.7% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | |||||||
20–39 | 0.2% | ||||||
30–59 | 1.4% | ||||||
60–69 | 6.3% | ||||||
70+ | 18.6% | ||||||
Nitsch et al. [31] 2006 | Switzerland | Participants of the Swiss SAPALDIA Study, random sample, cross-sectional study, N = 6317, response NR, aged ≥ 18 yrs., 49% males. | Overall: 8.1% Men: 4.5%, Women: 11.5% | NR | |||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | |||||
< 55 | 1.1% | 7.9% | |||||
55–65 | 7.1% | 23.5% | |||||
66+ | 12.9% | 35.9% | |||||
Otero et al. [32] 2005 | Spain | Randomly selected participants of the Estudio Epidemioloógic o de la Insuficiencia Renal en Espana (EPIRCE) pilot study, cross-sectional study, N = 237, response NR, aged ≥ 20 yrs. (mean age: 49.58 yrs.), 42.6% males. | Overall: 5.1% | NR | |||
Verhave et al. [33] 2004 | Netherlands | Participants of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease Study, cohort study, N = 6022, response NR, aged 28–75 yrs. (mean age: 48 yrs.), 51.5% males. | NR | Overall: 4.2% | |||
Viktorsdottir et al. [34] 2005 | Iceland | Participants of the Reykijavik Heart Study, cross-sectional study. N = 19256, response NR, aged 33–85 yrs., 48% males. | Overall: 7.2% Men: 3.7%, Women: 10.9% | Overall: 24.7% Men: 19%, Women: 30% | |||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | |||||
35–39 | 0.8% | 2.2% | |||||
40–44 | 1.1% | 3.0% | |||||
45–49 | 1.3% | 4.4% | |||||
50–54 | 2.3% | 6.3% | |||||
55–59 | 2.4% | 7.6% | |||||
60–64 | 5.2% | 11.7% | |||||
65–69 | 13.5% | 36.1% | |||||
70–74 | 17.0% | 38.1% | |||||
75–79 | 19.5% | 35.3% | |||||
80+ | 24.5% | 53.1% | |||||
Wasen et al. [35] 2004 | Finland | Participants from elderly residents in a community, cross-sectional study, N = 1246, response 83%, age 64–100 yrs. (mean age: 74 yrs.), 42% males. | Overall: 35.8% | Overall: 58.5% |
Prevalence of CKD | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author [ref.] year | Country | Study population, study design, number of participants, response, age, gender | MDRD equation | CG/BSA equation | ||||
Chadban et al. [36] 2003 | Australia | Randomly selected participants of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), cross-sectional survey, N = 11247, response 89.1%, aged 25 ≥ yrs., gender NR. | NR | Overall: 11.2% Men: 9.3%, Women: 13.0% | ||||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | ||||||
25–44 | - | 0 | ||||||
45–64 | 1.8% | 3.2% | ||||||
65+ | 51.8% | 57.2% | ||||||
Chen et al. [37] 2005 | China | Participants of the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA), random sample, cross-sectional study, N = 15540, response 83.3%, aged 35–74 yrs., 48.5% males. | Overall: 2.5% Men: 1.3%, Women: 3.8% | Overall: 20.4% | ||||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | ||||||
35–44 | 0.2% | 1.2% | ||||||
45–54 | 0.7% | 2.7% | ||||||
55–64 | 1.6% | 6.4% | ||||||
65–74 | 5.8% | 10.4% | ||||||
Domrongkitchaiporn et al. [38] 2005 | Thailand | Participants of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) study, employees sample, cross-sectional study, N = 2967, response NR, aged 35–55 yrs., 76% males. | Overall: 6.8% | NR | ||||
Konta et al. [39] 2006 | Japan | Participants of the Molecular Epidemiological Study, cross-sectional survey, N = 2321, response NR, aged > 40 yrs. (mean age: 64 yrs.), 44:5% males. | NR | Overall: 28.8% | ||||
Li et al. [40] 2006 | China | Participants from residents in a district of a large city, cross-sectional survey, N = 2310, response NR, aged ≥ 40 yrs., 49.5% males. | Overall: 4.9% Men: 4.8%, Women: 5.0% | NR | ||||
Age (yrs.) | Men | Women | ||||||
40–49 | 0 | 0.4% | ||||||
50–59 | 1.5% | 2.5% | ||||||
60–69 | 4.4% | 5.8% | ||||||
70+ | 10.6% | 12.9% | ||||||
McDonald et al. [41] 2003 | Australia | Participants from a costal aboriginal community, cross-sectional study, N = 237, response NR, aged ≥ 18 yrs., 133 males. | Overall: 12% | NR | ||||
Ninomiya et al. [42] 2005 | Japan | Participants from study of Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, prospective cohort study, N = 2634, response 80.7%, aged ≥ 40 yrs., 42.1% males. | Overall: 10.3% Men: 5.3%, Women: 13.8% | NR | ||||
Shankar et al. [43] 2006 | Singa pore | Participants from private census, cross-sectional study, N = 4898, response 81.1%, aged 43–86 yrs. (mean age: 62.3 yrs.), 44% males. | Overall: 6.6% Men: 7.1%, Women: 6.2% | NR | ||||
Age (yrs.) | ||||||||
43–59 | 1.8% | |||||||
60–69 | 6.5% | |||||||
70–79 | 11.5% | |||||||
80+ | 21.8% |