Background
Methods
Study population
Study design
Procedures
Analyses
Results
Baseline | 6-month follow-up | Both | |
---|---|---|---|
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 76 | 70 | 70 |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 76 | 70 | 70 |
Reported activity (hours per week) | 71 | 68 | 64 |
Measured MVPA (hours/week) | 70 | 54 | 53 |
Mucle power (W/kg) | 74 | 70 | 68 |
Wmax (% predicted) | 76 | 69 | 69 |
VO2 peak (% predicted) | 73 | 69 | 66 |
Quality of life* | 76 | 70 | 70 |
Baseline | Change over 6 months | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |
Number | 37 | 39 | 76 | 34 | 36 | 70 |
Age (years) | 19.5 ± 5.5 | 21.6 ± 5.9 | 20.6 ± 5.8 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.9 ± 2.5 | 19.8 ± 2.9 | 19.8 ± 2.7 | –0.1 ± 1.2 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.0 ± 1.0 |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 72.3 ± 20.3 | 65.1 ± 17.4 | 68.6 ± 19.1 | –1.3 ± 11.4 | 0.2 ± 11.3 | –0.5 ± 11.3 |
Reported activity (hours/week) | 5.8 ± 6.4 | 9.5 ± 10.6* | 7.7 ± 9.0 | 1.1 ± 7.4 | –2.5 ± 11.0 | –0.7 ± 9.5 |
Measured MVPA (hours/week) | 9.2 ± 3.8 | 11.2 ± 5.1 | 10.1 ± 4.5 | –0.5 ± 4.7 | –1.2 ± 3.4 | –0.8 ± 4.1 |
Muscle power (W/kg) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 7.3 ± 1.1*** | 6.5 ± 1.3 | –0.1 ± 0.8 | –0.2 ± 0.7 | –0.2 ± 0.7 |
Wmax (W) | 152 ± 28 | 191 ± 44 | 172 ± 42 | 3 ± 23 | 14 ± 28 | 9 ± 26 |
Wmax (% predicted) | 102.7 ± 19.3 | 94.7 ± 17.1 | 98.6 ± 18.5 | 1.0 ± 015.7 | 5.4 ± 13.6 | 3.3 ± 14.7 |
VO2peak (ml/kg/min) | 33.9 ± 6.6 | 41.0 ± 6.7 | 37.4 ± 7.5 | 0.3 ± 5.4 | 1.6 ± 5.1 | 0.9 ± 5.2 |
VO2peak (% predicted) | 82.6 ± 16.3 | 78.0 ± 13.2 | 80.3 ± 14.9 | 0.5 ± 13.9 | 3.0 ± 10.8 | 1.8 ± 12.4 |
A. Medians ± IQR | Baseline | Change over 6 months | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |
Physical functioning | 87.5 (75.0–95.8) | 91.7 (75.0–100.0) | 87.5 (75.0–95.8) | –3.1 (–8.3–5.2) | 0.0 (0.0–7.3) | 0.0 (–5.2–5.2) |
Vitality | 58.3 (50.0–70.8) | 66.7 (50.0–75.0) | 58.3 (50.0–75.0) | 0.0 (–8.3–8.3) | 0.0 (–8.3–14.6) | 0.0 (–8.3–8.3) |
Emotional state | 86.7 (70.0–93.3) | 86.7 (80–93.3) | 86.7 (73.3–93.3) | 0.0 (–6.7–8.3) | 0.0 (–6.7–5.0) | 0.0 (–6.7–6.7) |
Social limitations | 83.3 (58.3–91.7) | 75.0 (58.3–91.7) | 75.0 (58.3–91.7) | 0.0 (–12.5–12.5) | 0.0 (–8.3–6.3) | 0.0 (–8.3–8.3) |
Role limitations | 87.5 (75.0–100.0) | 100.0 (87.5–100.0)* | 100.0 (87.5–100.0) | 0.0 (0.0–12.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–9.4) |
Feelings of embarrassment | 83.3 (66.7–100.0) | 77.8 (66.7–100.0) | 77.8 (66.7–100.0) | 0.0 (–11.1–11.1) | 0.0 (–8.3–11.1) | 0.0 (–11.1–11.1) |
Body image | 77.8 (66.7–88.9) | 77.8 (55.6–88.9) | 77.8 (66.7–88.9) | 0.0 (–2.8–11.1) | 0.0 (–11.1–8.3) | 0.0 (–11.1–11.1) |
Eating disturbances | 100.0 (83.3–100.0) | 100.0 (66.7–100.0) | 100.0 (66.7–100.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
Treatment burden | 66.7 (50.0–83.3) | 66.7 (50.0–83.3) | 66.7 (50.0–83.3) | 0.0 (–8.3–16.7) | 0.0 (–16.7–16.7) | 0.0 (–16.7–16.7) |
Health perception | 63.6 (54.5–81.8) | 72.7 (63.6–90.9) | 72.7 (62.8–81.8) | 0.0 (–9.1–9.1) | 0.0 (–7.1–9.1) | 0.0 (–9.1–9.1) |
Weight problems | 100.0 (66.7–100.0) | 66.7 (58.3–100.0) | 100.0 (66.7–100.0) | 0.0 (–25.0–0.0) | 0.0 (–33.0–0.0) | 0.0 (–33.0–0.0) |
Respiratory symptoms | 72.2 (64.3–91.0) | 66.7 (61.9–76.2) | 71.4 (61.9–77.8) | 0.0 (–14.3–4.8) | 0.0 (–9.5–9.5) | 0.0 (–9.5–7.9) |
Digestive symptoms | 83.3 (66.7–100.0) | 83.3 (66.7–100.0) | 83.3 (66.7–100.0) | 0.0 (0.0–16.7) | 0.0 (–8.3–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–16.7) |
B. Means ± SD
|
Baseline
|
Change over 6 months
| ||||
Female
|
Male
|
Total
|
Female
|
Male
|
Total
| |
Physical functioning | 82.9 ± 16.2 | 85.6 ± 15.1 | 84.3 ± 15.6 | –1.3 ± 13.3 | 2.2 ± 9.0 | 0.5 ± 11.4 |
Vitality | 59.9 ± 16.2 | 63.2 ± 15.1 | 61.6 ± 15.6 | –0.2 ± 16.6 | 3.0 ± 15.3 | 1.4 ± 15.9 |
Emotional state | 81.4 ± 14.8 | 84.4 ± 15.4 | 83.0 ± 15.1 | 1.4 ± 16.1 | –1.4 ± 9.7 | 0.0 ± 13.2 |
Social limitations | 76.4 ± 19.0 | 72.0 ± 23.2 | 74.1 ± 21.2 | –1.0 ± 23.5 | 0.6 ± 11.6 | –0.2 ± 18.2 |
Role limitations | 89.5 ± 12.5 | 95.0 ± 9.7* | 92.4 ± 11.4 | 2.2 ± 14.9 | –2.2 ± 18.9 | –0.2 ± 17.2 |
Feelings of embarressment | 77.2 ± 23.9 | 76.1 ± 23.3 | 76.6 ± 23.4 | 2.9 ± 20.0 | 1.2 ± 18.2 | 2.0 ± 19.0 |
Body image | 77.2 ± 18.8 | 72.9 ± 23.9 | 75.0 ± 21.5 | 1.9 ± 17.9 | –1.7 ± 15.8 | 0.0 ± 16.8 |
Eating disturbances | 89.4 ± 17.0 | 86.8 ± 21.4 | 88.0 ± 19.3 | 1.0 ± 12.5 | –0.5 ± 18.9 | 0.2 ± 16.0 |
Treatment burden | 63.0 ± 18.1 | 65.0 ± 17.0 | 64.0 ± 17.8 | 2.5 ± 19.1 | 0.7 ± 19.6 | 1.6 ± 19.2 |
Health perception | 67.5 ± 18.1 | 70.4 ± 19.5 | 69.0 ± 18.8 | 1.4 ± 19.3 | 0.7 ± 15.4 | 1.0 ± 17.3 |
Weight problems | 83.8 ± 21.7 | 71.9 ± 32.4 | 77.8 ± 28.1 | –8.3 ± 35.9 | –7.1 ± 33.1 | –7.7 ± 34.2 |
Respiratory symptoms | 69.3 ± 15.8 | 67.6 ± 10.3 | 68.5 ± 13.3 | –3.1 ± 19.0 | –0.9 ± 10.0 | –2.0 ± 15.1 |
Digestive symptoms | 83.8 ± 14.4 | 83.3 ± 18.2 | 83.6 ± 16.3 | 4.5 ± 18.3 | –1.0 ± 15.0 | 1.8 ± 16.8 |
Relationship between HRQoL and established covariates
A. Baseline | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | Body fat | FEV1 | Reported activity | Measured MVPA | Muscle power | Wmax | VO2peak | |
Physical functioning | 0.098 | –0.08 |
0.264*
| 0.2 | 0.118 |
0.320**
|
0.237*
|
0.369**
|
Vitality | 0.055 | –0.043 | –0.034 | 0.213 | 0.012 |
0.304**
| 0.145 | 0.201 |
Emotional state | 0.014 | –0.092 | 0.024 | 0.184 | 0.035 | 0.176 | 0.153 | 0.204 |
Social limitations | –0.033 | 0.082 | –0.066 | 0.212 | –0.182 | –0.031 | 0.06 | 0.059 |
Role limitations | 0.03 | –0.207 | 0.176 |
0.292*
| 0.222 |
0.296*
| 0.195 |
0.315*
|
Feelings of embarrassment | 0.065 | 0.148 | 0.161 | 0.155 | 0.021 | –0.051 | 0.072 | 0.174 |
Body image |
0.435***
|
0.306**
| 0.217 | –0.029 | 0.068 | –0.171 | 0.092 | 0.164 |
Eating disturbances |
0.373**
| 0.117 | 0.141 | –0.006 | 0.111 | 0.034 | 0.167 |
0.297*
|
Treatment burden | 0.096 | –0.027 | 0.046 | 0.066 | –0.134 | 0.137 | 0.211 | 0.177 |
Health perception | 0.18 | –0.023 |
0.283*
| 0.187 | 0.163 | 0.13 |
0.284*
|
0.396***
|
Weight problems |
0.491***
|
0.228*
| 0.147 | –0.073 | 0.012 | –0.08 |
0.350**
|
0.456***
|
Respiratory symptoms | 0.027 | 0.114 |
0.302**
| 0.106 | 0.057 | 0.041 | 0.204 |
0.424***
|
Digestive symptoms | 0.057 | –0.074 | 0.096 | 0.099 | 0.183 |
0.245*
|
0.307**
|
0.376**
|
B. Changes over 6 months
| ||||||||
Δ BMI
|
Δ Body fat
|
Δ FEV1
|
Δ Reported activity
|
Δ Measured MVPA
|
Δ Muscle power
|
Δ Wmax
|
Δ VO
2
peak
| |
Δ Physical functioning | –0.013 | 0.02 | 0.026 | 0.044 | –0.198 | 0.012 | 0.056 | 0.114 |
Δ Vitality* | 0.189 | 0.16 | 0.094 | 0.227 | –0.16 | 0.057 |
0.305*
| 0.176 |
Δ Emotional state | 0.154 | 0.174 | 0.073 | –0.027 | –0.143 | 0.097 | 0.137 | 0.002 |
Δ Social limitations | –0.134 | 0.075 | 0.1015 | –0.027 | –0.11 | 0.051 | 0.13 | 0.243 |
Δ Role limitations | 0.123 | –0.078 | –0.077 |
0.393**
| 0.124 | 0.192 |
0.307*
| 0.267 |
Δ Feelings of embarrassment | 0.109 | 0.035 |
0.244*
|
0.389**
| 0.037 | –0.025 | 0.219 |
0.255*
|
Δ Body image | 0.1 | 0.139 | 0.148 | 0.195 | 0.012 | 0.178 | –0.028 | 0.02 |
Δ Eating disturbances | 0.066 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.089 | 0.091 | 0.171 | 0.067 | 0.048 |
Δ Treatment burden | 0.133 | 0.029 | –0.053 | –0.094 | –0.073 | 0.019 | 0.158 | 0.043 |
Δ Health perception |
0.325**
| 0.156 | 0.191 | –0.049 | –0.24 | –0.054 | 0.137 |
0.247*
|
Δ Weight problems |
0.545***
| 0.19 | 0.162 |
0.345**
| –0.189 | –0.125 |
0.340**
|
0.366**
|
Δ Respiratory symptoms | 0.177 | 0.015 | 0.205 | 0.069 | –0.112 | –0.104 | 0.041 | 0.112 |
Δ Digestive symptoms | –0.04 | –0.081 | 0.027 | –0.012 | –0.039 | –0.066 | 0.056 | –0.004 |