Background
Methods
Study design and subjects
Self-efficacy group
|
Ergonomic group
|
p
| |
---|---|---|---|
Female |
n = 21 |
n = 21 | |
Age (years) | 46 (33–58) | 44 (23–61) | 0.308 |
Height (cm) | 167 (154–173) | 169 (155–184) | 0.632 |
Body mass index (in kg/m2) | 24.3 (19.7–40.4) | 23,8 (18.3–40.8) | 0.675 |
Musculoskeletal symptoms last 7 days (yes) |
n = 18 |
n = 20 | 0.299 |
Musculoskeletal symptoms related to work (yes) |
n = 12 |
n = 12 | 0.675 |
Seniority (years) | 17.5 (2.5–35) | 8.5 (1.5–38) |
0.017
|
Work field – people |
n = 14 |
n = 10 | |
- things |
n = 5 |
n = 2 | |
- data |
n = 2 |
n = 9 | |
Attendance at work (%) | 50 (1–100) | 95 (1–100) |
0.021
|
- working full time |
n = 5 |
n = 10 | |
- working 60 – 95% |
n = 5 |
n = 9 | |
- working ≤ 50% a
|
n = 11 |
n = 2 | |
- no work activity |
n = 0 |
n = 0 | |
Sick leave duration (number of months) b
| 4.2 (0–26) | 16 (0–33) | 1.000 |
Satisfaction, in life (1–5) | 4 (1–5) | 4 (3–5) |
0.011
|
Satisfaction, in work (1–5) | 3 (3–5) | 4 (1–5) | 0.502 |
Motivation, in life (0–10) | 7 (2–10) | 8.5 (2–10) | 0.173 |
Motivation, in work (0–10) | 6 (2–10) | 7.5 (2–10) | 0.192 |
Baseline
|
p 1
|
10-week follow-up
|
9-month follow-up
|
p 2
|
p 3
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work ability index (WAI) (7–49) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 28 (17–47) 38 (16–49) |
0.023
| 31 (20–49) 39.5 (16–49) | 34 (20–48) 40.5 (17–49) | 0.574 0.896 |
0.028
0.983 |
1. WA relative to lifetime best (0–10) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 5 (0–10) 7 (0–10) | 0.063 | 6 (1–10) 8 (0–10) | 7 (0–10) 8 (0–10) | 0.290 1.000 | 0.129 0.833 |
2a. WA/physical demands (1–5) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (1–5) 4 (2–5) |
0.008
| 3 (2–5) 4 (1–5) | 3 (2–5) 4 (1–5) |
0.021
0.405 |
0.012
0.265 |
2b.WA/mental demands (1–5) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (2–5) 4 (1–5) |
0.016
| 3 (2–5) 4 (1–5) | 3 (2–5) 4 (2–5) | 0.206 1.000 | 0.052 0.808 |
3.Diagnosed diseases (1–7) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 5 (2–7) 5 (4–7) | 0.501 | 5 (2–7) 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) 6 (3–7) | 0.458 0.366 | 0.408 0.458 |
4. Work impairment (1–6) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 2 (1–6) 4.5 (1–6) |
0.042
| 4 (1–6) 5 (1–6) | 4 (1–6) 4.5 (1–6) |
0.047
0.120 | 0.119 0.809 |
5. Sickness absence (1–5) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 2 (1–5) 4.5 (1–5) |
0.000
| 2 (1–5) 4 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) 4 (1–5) | 0.705 0.248 | 0.058 0.250 |
6. Belief of work ability (1,4,7) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 7 (1–7) 7 (1–7) | 0.858 | 4 (1–7) 4 (1–7) | 7 (1–7) 7 (1–7) | 0.102 0.564 | 0.655
0.046
|
7. Psychological well-being (1–4) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (2–4) 3 (1–4) | 0.573 | 3 (1–4) 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) 3 (1–4) | 0.782 0.739 | 0.052 0.100 |
Physical strain in work (6–20) *
| ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 14 (9–18) 12 (6–15) |
0.003
| 14 (9–17) 12 (6–16) | 15 (7–17) 12 (6–16) | 0.130 0.459 | 0.279
0.044
|
Coping in relation to work
| ||||||
1. Problem-focused coping (0–100) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 75 (50–100) 75 (50–100) | 0.596 | 75 (50–100) 75 (50–100) | 88 (50–100) 75 (38–100) | 0.672 0.236 | 0.351 0.714 |
2. Selective coping (0–100) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 38 (0–100) 38 (0–75) | 0.556 | 38 (0–88) 44 (0–62) | 38 (0–75) 50 (12–75) | 0.420 0.484 | 0.174 0.109 |
3. Resigning coping (0–100) *
| ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 25 (0–88) 38 (0–62) | 0.828 | 25 (0–88) 38 (0–75) | 25 (0–50) 38 (0–62) | 0,138 0.541 | 0.060 0.542 |
Baseline
|
p 1
|
10-week follow-up
|
9-month follow-up
|
p 2
|
p 3
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General health
| ||||||
1: Severity of symptoms (0–10) *
| ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 6 (3–9) 5 (0–8) | 0.083 | 5 (3–7) 4 (1–10) | 5 (1–10) 5 (2–10) |
0.023
0.819 | 0.113 0.924 |
2: State of health (1–5) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (2–4) 4 (2–5) | 0.224 | 3 (2–5) 4 (1–5) | 4 (2–5) 4 (2–5) | 0.265 0.793 | 0.097 0.782 |
3: Mental strain (1–5) *
| ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (1–5) 3 (1–5) | 0.455 | 3 (1–4) 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) 2 (1–4) | 0.776 0.297 | 0.070 0.169 |
Coping in relation to pain
| ||||||
1: Positive distraction (0–6) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3.5 (1.5–5.5) 2.5 (0–4.5) | 0.082 | 3 (0–5) 3 (1.5–5) | 3 (0–6) 3.5 (2.5–4.5) | 0.681 0.059 | 0.134
0.002
|
2: Catastrophic thinking (0–6) *
| ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (1–6) 2 (0–4.5) | 0.051 | 2.5 (1–6) 2.5 (0–4.5) | 3 (0.5–4.5) 2 (0–4.5) | 0.482 0.352 | 0.237 0.784 |
3: Ignoring pain (0–6) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (0–5) 3.5 (1–5) | 0.087 | 3.5 (1.5–6) 3.5 (1.5–5.5) | 3.5 (1–4.5) 4.2 (1.5–5.5) | 0.052 0.310 | 1.000
0.048
|
Self-efficacy in relation to pain
| ||||||
1: Control pain (0–6) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 4 (0–5) 3 (2–6) | 0.947 | 4 (2–5) 4 (3–6) | 3.5 (0–5) 4 (2–6) | 0.577
0.040
| 0.366 0.071 |
2: Reduce pain (0–6) | ||||||
Self-efficacy group Ergonomic group | 3 (1–5) 3 (2–6) | 0.422 | 4 (2–6) 4 (3–5) | 3 (1–6) 4 (2–6) | 0.054 0.130 | 0.913 0.580 |