Background
Methods
Study population and data sources
Measures
Statistical methods
Results
General characteristics of subjects
Premenopausal | Menopause 0 ~ 1 year | Postmenopausal |
Pvalue | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 46.502 ± 3.503 | 51.421 ± 3.572 | 55.15 ± 2.961 | <0.001***
|
Education | 0.074 | |||
≤high school | 542 (82.7 %) | 119 (89.5 %) | 452 (81.1 %) | |
>high school | 113 (17.3 %) | 14 (10.5 %) | 105 (18.9 %) | |
Marriage | 0.644 | |||
Yes | 623 (95.1 %) | 126 (94.7 %) | 523 (93.9 %) | |
No | 32 (4.9 %) | 7 (5.3 %) | 34 (6.1 %) | |
Smoking Status | 0.510 | |||
Never | 605 (92.2 %) | 122 (91.7 %) | 502 (90.1 %) | |
Current | 46 (7.0 %) | 11 (8.3 %) | 52 (9.3 %) | |
Past | 5 (0.8 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 3 (0.6 %) | |
Alcohol Drinking | 0.553 | |||
Never | 624 (95.3 %) | 129 (97.0 %) | 537 (96.4 %) | |
Current | 29 (4.4 %) | 4 (3.0 %) | 20 (3.6 %) | |
Past | 2 (0.3 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | |
Physical activities | 0.058 | |||
Rarely/never | 349 (53.2 %) | 89 (66.9 %) | 298 (53.6 %) | |
1 ~ 4 times/week | 83 (12.7 %) | 13 (9.8 %) | 74 (13.3 %) | |
≥5 times/week | 224 (34.1 %) | 31 (23.3 %) | 184 (33.1 %) | |
Stroke | 0.353 | |||
No | 649 (98.9 %) | 130 (97.7 %) | 546 (98.0 %) | |
Yes | 7 (1.1 %) | 3 (2.3 %) | 11 (2.0 %) | |
Hypertension | 0.402 | |||
No | 458 (69.8 %) | 98 (73.7 %) | 378 (67.9 %) | |
Yes | 198 (30.2 %) | 35 (26.3 %) | 179 (32.1 %) | |
CHD | 0.103 | |||
No | 624 (95.1 %) | 123 (92.5 %) | 538 (96.6 %) | |
Yes | 32 (4.9 %) | 10 (7.5 %) | 19 (3.4 %) | |
Diabetes | 0.559 | |||
No | 593 (90.4 %) | 123 (92.5 %) | 512 (91.9 %) | |
Yes | 63 (9.6 %) | 10 (7.5 %) | 45 (8.1 %) |
Menopause and other factors associated with health problems
Crude OR | Age adjusted OR | Age and chronic diseases status adjusted OR | |
---|---|---|---|
Mobility | 1.597 (1.108, 2.301)*
| 2.220 (1.201, 4.102)*
| 2.301 (1.241, 4.266)**
|
Self-care | 1.280 (0.726, 2.255) | 1.370 (0.532, 3.530) | 1.439 (0.557, 3.717) |
Usual activities | 1.304 (0.893, 1.904) | 1.700 (0.901, 3.207) | 1.784 (0.941, 3.383) |
Pain | 1.221 (0.941, 1.584) | 1.501 (0.971, 2.319) | 1.520 (0.983, 2.350) |
Anxiety/depression | 0.836 (0.566, 1.236) | 1.164 (0.611, 2.217) | 1.167 (0.613, 2.224) |
OR | 95%CI |
Pvalue | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mobility | Education | 1.924 | 1.078, 3.433 | 0.027*
|
Chronic disease | 1.904 | 1.332, 2.722 | <0.001***
| |
Cigarette smoking | 2.298 | 1.495, 3.530 | <0.001***
| |
Premenopausal | 1.000 | - | - | |
Menopause | ||||
0 ~ 1 years | 1.529 | 0.849, 2.755 | 0.157 | |
2 ~ 5 years | 1.835 | 1.172, 2.873 | 0.008**
| |
>5 years | 1.373 | 0.862, 2.186 | 0.181 | |
Self-care | Chronic disease | 2.920 | 1.654, 4.794 | <0.001***
|
Cigarette smoking | 2.281 | 1.262, 4.124 | 0.006**
| |
Physical activity | 0.856 | 0.735, 0.997 | 0.046*
| |
Premenopausal | 1.000 | - | - | |
Menopause | ||||
0 ~ 1 years | 2.371 | 1.117, 5.032 | 0.025*
| |
2 ~ 5 years | 1.023 | 0.478, 2.185 | 0.954 | |
>5 years | 1.389 | 0.710, 2.718 | 0.337 | |
Usual activities | Education | 2.640 | 1.356, 5.139 | 0.004**
|
Chronic disease | 2.324 | 1.618, 3.337 | <0.001***
| |
Cigarette smoking | 1.867 | 1.184, 2.945 | 0.007**
| |
Premenopausal | 1.000 | - | - | |
Menopause | ||||
0 ~ 1 years | 1.855 | 1.061, 3.242 | 0.030*
| |
2 ~ 5 years | 1.092 | 0.662, 1.803 | 0.729 | |
>5 years | 1.468 | 0.934, 2.307 | 0.096 | |
Pain | Education | 1.481 | 1.037, 2.117 | 0.031*
|
Premenopausal | 1.000 | - | - | |
Menopause | ||||
0 ~ 1 years | 1.371 | 0.903, 2.082 | 0.139 | |
2 ~ 5 years | 1.219 | 0.877, 1.694 | 0.238 | |
>5 years | 1.235 | 0.893, 1.707 | 0.201 | |
Anxiety/depression | Cigarette smoking | 1.843 | 1.143, 2.971 | 0.012*
|
Physical activity | 0.894 | 0.804, 0.995 | 0.041*
| |
Premenopausal | 1.000 | - | - | |
Menopause | ||||
0 ~ 1 years | 0.895 | 0.465, 1.723 | 0.895 | |
2 ~ 5 years | 0.767 | 0.452, 1.302 | 0.327 | |
>5 years | 1.040 | 0.647, 1.627 | 0.871 |
Menopause and other factors contributing to health quality
Unadjusted | Age adjusted | Age and chronic diseases status adjusted | |
---|---|---|---|
EQ5D index
| |||
premenopausal group | 0.810 (0.070) | 0.806 (0.004) | 0.806 (0.009) |
postmenopausal group | 0.800 (0.085) | 0.802 (0.003) | 0.804 (0.009) |
P value | 0.005**
| <0.001***
| <0.001***
|
EQ5D-VAS
| |||
premenopausal group | 71.819 (17.053) | 72.387(0.240) | 72.157 (3.638) |
postmenopausal group | 72.142 (17.112) | 71.801 (0.205) | 71.746 (3.626) |
P value | 0.742 | <0.001***
| 0.049*
|
Independent variable | B | SE B | β |
Pvalue | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EQ5D index | Cigarette smoking | -0.033 | 0.007 | -0.135 | <0.001***
|
Chronic diseases | -0.016 | 0.004 | -0.104 | <0.001***
| |
Education | -0.016 | 0.006 | -0.080 | 0.003**
| |
Physical activity | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.056 | 0.040*
| |
Premenopausal | ref | - | - | - | |
Menopause | |||||
0 ~ 1 years | -0.014 | 0.007 | -0.055 | 0.050 | |
2 ~ 5 years | -0.007 | 0.005 | -0.035 | 0.230 | |
>5 years | -0.009 | 0.005 | -0.050 | 0.085 | |
EQ5D-VAS scores | Chronic diseases | -7.475 | 0.931 | -0.214 | <0.001***
|
Cigarette smoking | -3.127 | 1.470 | -0.057 | 0.034*
| |
Premenopausal | ref | - | - | - | |
Menopause | |||||
0 ~ 1 years | 1.418 | 1.580 | 0.025 | 0.370 | |
2 ~ 5 years | 1.736 | 1.204 | 0.041 | 0.150 | |
>5 years | -0.953 | 1.191 | -0.023 | 0.424 |