Background
Methods
Study Design
Patient participants
Data sources
Independent variables
Covariates
Dependent variables
Statistical analyses
Results
N = 8787 | N (%) | ED visits in |
Pvalue* | Hospital admissions |
Pvalue* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6 months | in 6 months | |||||
mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |||||
Gender
|
Female
| 5268(59.9%) | 0.43(1.16) | <0.0001 | 0.16(0.75) | 0.03 |
Male
| 3519(40.1%) | 0.36(1.09) | - | 0.14(0.52) | - | |
Age
|
18–30
| 314(3.6%) | 0.68(1.42) | <0.0001 | 0.13(0.49) | 0.005 |
31–45
| 1676(19.1%) | 0.56(1.56) | <0.0001 | 0.12(0.48) | <0.0001 | |
46–70
| 5695(64.8%) | 0.36(1.01) | 0.28 | 0.15(0.73) | <0.0001 | |
≥ 70
| 1102(12.5%) | 0.33(0.80) | - | 0.21(0.62) | - | |
Race
|
Black
| 3655(41.6%) | 0.50(1.22) | <0.0001 | 0.17(0.65) | 0.01 |
Other
| 782(8.9%) | 0.28(0.98) | 0.001 | 0.13(1.21) | 0.11 | |
Unknown
| 383(4.4%) | 0.18(0.56) | <0.0001 | 0.08(0.45) | 0.0004 | |
White
| 3967(45.2%) | 0.36(1.11) | - | 0.15(0.54) | - | |
Insurance
|
Medicaid
| 779(8.9%) | 0.74(1.88) | <0.0001 | 0.27(1.00) | <0.0001 |
Medicare
| 2746(31.3%) | 0.41(1.03) | <0.0001 | 0.21(0.63) | <0.0001 | |
Self-pay
| 471(5.4%) | 0.47(1.49) | <0.0001 | 0.11(0.39) | 0.04 | |
County
| 2792(31.8%) | 0.46(1.16) | <0.0001 | 0.13(0.78) | <0.0001 | |
Tax-funded
| ||||||
Program
| ||||||
Commercial Insurance
| 1999(22.8%) | 0.17(0.56) | - | 0.08(0.35) | - | |
Cardiovascular
|
Yes
| 1313(14.9%) | 0.53(1.30) | <0.0001 | 0.32(0.74) | <0.0001 |
No
| 7474(85.1%) | 0.38(1.10) | - | 0.13(0.65) | - | |
Nephropathy
|
Yes
| 526(6.0%) | 0.63(1.43) | <0.0001 | 0.46(1.66) | <0.0001 |
No
| 8261(94.0%) | 0.39(1.11) | - | 0.13(0.54) | - | |
Charlson Score
|
1
| 6495(73.9%) | 0.34(1.00) | <0.0001 | 0.10(0.50) | <0.0001 |
2
| 1497(17.0%) | 0.53(1.46) | <0.0001 | 0.20(0.61) | <0.0001 | |
3+
| 795(9.1%) | 0.68(1.37) | - | 0.47(1.44) | - | |
ED visits within 6 months prior to last scheduled primary care appointment
|
Yes
| 2584(29.4%) | 0.86(1.75) | <0.0001 | -+ | - |
No
| 6203(70.6%) | 0.21(0.65) | - | -+ | - | |
Hospital admissions within 6 months prior to last scheduled primary care appointment
|
Yes
| 1081(12.3%) | -+ | - | 0.58(1.52) | <0.0001 |
No
| 7706(87.7%) | -+ | - | 0.09(0.39) | - | |
No-show at last scheduled primary care appointment
|
Yes
| 1421(16.2%) | 0.56(1.48) | <0.0001 | 0.22(0.83) | <0.0001 |
No
| 7366(83.8%) | 0.38(1.05) | - | 0.14(0.63) | - |
N = 8787 | N (%) | No-show to last |
Pvalue* | |
---|---|---|---|---|
scheduled appointment | ||||
N (%) | ||||
Gender
|
Female
| 5268(59.9%) | 827(15.7%) | 0.14 |
Male
| 3519(40.1%) | 594(16.9%) | ||
Age
|
18–30
| 314(3.6%) | 87(27.7%) | <0.0001 |
31–45
| 1676(19.1%) | 359(21.4%) | ||
46–70
| 5695(64.8%) | 837(14.7%) | ||
≥ 71
| 1102(12.5%) | 138(12.5%) | ||
Race
|
Black
| 3655(41.6%) | 647(17.7%) | <0.0001 |
Other
| 782(8.9%) | 172(22.0%) | ||
Unknown
| 383(4.4%) | 67(17.5%) | ||
White
| 3967(45.2%) | 535(13.5%) | ||
Insurance
|
Medicaid
| 779(8.9%) | 169(21.7%) | <0.0001 |
Medicare
| 2746(31.3%) | 365(13.3%) | ||
Self-pay
| 471(5.4%) | 135(28.7%) | ||
County
| 2792(31.8%) | 498(17.8%) | ||
Tax-funded
| ||||
Program
| ||||
Commercial Insurance
| 1999(22.8%) | 254(12.7%) | ||
Cardiovascular
|
Yes
| 1313(14.9%) | 200(15.2%) | 0.32 |
No
| 7474(85.1%) | 1221(16.3%) | ||
Nephropathy
|
Yes
| 526(6.0%) | 83(15.8%) | 0.80 |
No
| 8261(94.0%) | 1338(16.2%) | ||
Charlson Score
|
1
| 6495(73.9%) | 1064(16.4%) | 0.38 |
2
| 1497(17.0%) | 242(16.2%) | ||
3+
| 795(9.1%) | 115(14.5%) | ||
ED visits within 6 months prior to last scheduled primary care appointment
|
Yes
| 2584(29.4%) | 553(21.4%) | <0.0001 |
No
| 6203(70.6%) | 868(14.0%) | ||
Hospital admissions within 6 months prior to last scheduled primary care appointment
|
Yes
| 1081(12.3%) | 288(26.6%) | <0.0001 |
No
| 7706(87.7%) | 1133(14.7%) |
Parameter | Chi- | Pr > | Hazard | 95% Hazard | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Square | ChiSq | Ratio | Ratio | ||
Confidence | |||||
Limits | |||||
Gender
|
Male vs. Female
| 0.12 | 0.72 | 0.97 | 0.82–1.15 |
Age
|
31–45 vs. 18–30
| 0.29 | 0.59 | 0.89 | 0.59–1.35 |
46–70 vs. 18–30
| 0.02 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.64–1.48 | |
≥ 71 vs. 18–30
| 0.007 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.62–1.55 | |
Race
|
Black vs. White
| 0.39 | 0.53 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.24 |
Other vs. White
| 0.27 | 0.61 | 1.18 | 0.63–2.23 | |
Unknown vs. White
| 3.85 | 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.33–1.00 | |
Insurance
|
Medicaid vs. Commercial
| 21.70 | <0.0001 | 2.21 | 1.58–3.09 |
Medicare vs. Commercial
| 15.19 | <0.0001 | 1.67 | 1.29–2.16 | |
Self-Pay vs. Commercial
| 1.85 | 0.17 | 1.31 | 0.89–1.91 | |
County Tax-funded Program vs. Commercial
| 11.37 | 0.0007 | 1.55 | 1.20–2.00 | |
Cardiovascular
|
Yes vs. No
| 6.15 | 0.01 | 1.32 | 1.06–1.65 |
Nephropathy
|
Yes vs. No
| 5.29 | 0.02 | 1.40 | 1.05–1.86 |
Charlson Score
|
2 vs. 1
| 3.21 | 0.07 | 1.22 | 0.98–1.52 |
≥ 3 vs. 1
| 29.22 | <0.0001 | 2.05 | 1.58–2.66 | |
Status at last scheduled primary care appointment and prior hospital admissions within 6 months
|
Arrived and no prior
| - | - | - | - |
hospital admission
| |||||
Arrived and prior
| 117.01 | <0.0001 | 3.84 | 3.01–4.90 | |
hospital admission
| |||||
No-showed and no prior hospital admission
| 1.84 | 0.17 | 0.83 | 0.63–1.09 | |
No-showed and prior hospital admission
| 152.09 | <0.0001 | 6.13 | 4.60–8.18 |
Diabetes diagnosis (No) | Diabetes diagnosis (Yes) | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
Attended
| 656(95.6%) | 30(4.4%) | 686(79.6%) |
No-show
| 152(86.4%) | 24(13.6%) | 176(20.4%) |
Total
| 808(93.8%) | 54(6.3%) | 862(100%) |