Background
Methods
Overview
Data source
Patient selection
Cases
Comparison cases
Study measures
Data analyses
Results
Demographic and clinical characteristics
Patients with HCV and ALD (Cases) | Patients with HCV and without ALD (Controls) |
P-value
| |
---|---|---|---|
N | 1193 | 1193 | |
Baseline | |||
Age at index date | |||
Mean | 48.6 | 49.0 | 0.268 |
SD | 8.6 | 8.7 | |
Median | 49.0 | 49.0 | |
<35 | 5.0% | 4.4% | |
35-44 | 22.8% | 21.2% | |
45-54 | 50.3% | 50.6% | |
55+ | 21.9% | 23.8% | |
Male (%) | 54.6% | 54.6% | 1.000 |
Race | |||
White | 54.1% | 54.1% | 1.000 |
Black | 23.3% | 23.3% | 1.000 |
Hispanic | 9.8% | 9.8% | 1.000 |
Other | 12.8% | 12.8% | 1.000 |
Charlson score1
| |||
Mean | 3.1 | 2.3 | < .001 |
SD | 3.2 | 2.7 | |
Median | 2.0 | 1.0 | |
Follow-Up | |||
Duration of follow-up (days) | |||
Mean | 277 | 366 | < .001 |
SD | 135 | 8 | |
Median | 366 | 366 | |
Survival | |||
Died during evaluation period (%) | 35.1% | 0.8% | < .001 |
Selected non-ALD-related diagnoses (%) | |||
Alcoholic cirrhosis | 28.8% | 1.1% | < .001 |
Diabetes | 24.8% | 19.8% | 0.004 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 20.2% | 3.6% | < .001 |
HBV | 9.7% | 2.9% | < .001 |
HIV | 25.2% | 23.7% | 0.418 |
Other sequelae of chronic liver disease | 10.5% | 0.3% | < .001 |
Acute Renal failure | 13.1% | 2.2% | < .001 |
Unspecified disorder of the liver | 11.2% | 1.8% | < .001 |
Selected ALD-related diagnoses (%) | |||
Ascites | 54.5% | 0.0% | < .001 |
Esophageal varices without bleeding | 11.2% | 0.0% | < .001 |
Hepatic coma (encephalopathy) | 19.4% | 0.0% | < .001 |
Portal hypertension | 11.7% | 0.0% | < .001 |
Medical resource use
Patients with HCV and ALD (Cases) | Patients with HCV and without ALD (Comparison) | Difference |
P-value1
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1,193 | 1,193 | ||
Inpatient | ||||
Percent with ≥1 hospitalization (1 yr follow-up) | 73.6% | 27.1% | 46.5% | < .001 |
Hospital admissions (PPPM) | < .001 | |||
Mean | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
SD | 0.4 | 0.1 | ||
Median | 0.2 | 0.0 | ||
Hospital days (PPPM) | < .001 | |||
Mean | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.6 | |
SD | 2.9 | 0.8 | ||
Median | 0.7 | 0.0 | ||
Outpatient Services2
| ||||
Percent with ≥1 outpatient service (1 yr follow-up) | 99.2% | 96.1% | 3.1% | < .001 |
Outpatient office/clinic services (PPPM) | < .001 | |||
Mean | 19.4 | 4.1 | 15.3 | |
SD | 24.2 | 4.7 | ||
Median | 10.4 | 2.6 | ||
Pharmacy | ||||
Percent with ≥1 medication dispensed (1 yr follow-up) | 89.8% | 92.0% | −2.2% | 0.064 |
Medications dispensed (PPPM) | 0.010 | |||
Mean | 5.8 | 5.4 | 0.4 | |
SD | 4.5 | 4.3 | ||
Median | 5.2 | 4.6 | ||
Other Services3
| ||||
Percent with at least 1 other resource use claim | 91.3% | 88.4% | 2.9% | 0.025 |
Variables | Index diagnosis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall1
| Decompensated cirrhosis | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
P-value2
| |
N | 1193 | 1098 | 73 | |
Inpatient | ||||
Percent with a hospitalization (1 yr follow-up) | 43.8% | 45.0% | 37.0% | 0.224 |
Hospital admissions (PPPM) | ||||
Mean | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.445 |
SD | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Hospital days (PPPM) | ||||
Mean | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.592 |
SD | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.2 | |
Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Outpatient Services3
| ||||
Percent with an outpatient service (1 yr follow-up) | 89.0% | 90.4% | 87.7% | 0.416 |
Outpatient office/clinic services (PPPM) | ||||
Mean | 1.8 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 0.251 |
SD | 5.9 | 5.0 | 13.4 | |
Median | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
Other Services4
| ||||
Percent with other resource use (1 yr follow-up) | 5.5% | 4.2% | 26.0% | <.001 |
All-cause and ALD-related medical costs
Patients with HCV and ALD (Cases) | Patients with HCV and without ALD (Comparison) | Difference |
P-value1
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1193 | 1193 | ||
Inpatient | ||||
Mean (SD) | $2,649 ($4,179) | $337 ($981) | $2,312 | < .001 |
Median | $905 | $0 | ||
IQR | $0-$3,430 | $0-$79 | ||
Outpatient2
| ||||
Mean (SD) | $713 ($824) | $215 ($320) | $498 | < .001 |
Median | $467 | $132 | ||
IQR | $249-$902 | $49-$270 | ||
Pharmacy | ||||
Mean (SD) | $791 ($1,401) | $818 ($1,312) | -$27 | 0.032 |
Median | $385 | $462 | ||
IQR | $126-$895 | $132-$1,029 | ||
Other costs3
| ||||
Mean (SD) | $784 ($1,541) | $360 ($1,265) | $424 | < .001 |
Median | $171 | $90 | ||
IQR | $51-$669 | $18-$208 | ||
Total costs | ||||
Mean (SD) | $4,937 ($5,236) | $1,730 ($2,309) | $3,207 | < .001 |
Median | $3,146 | $1,002 |
Parameter | Beta-coefficient | Odds ratio |
P-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 0.0508 | 1.05 | 0.266 |
Charlson Score2 of 1 | 0.2977 |
1.35
|
<.001
|
Charlson Score of 2 | 0.4745 |
1.61
|
<.001
|
Charlson Score ≥3 | 0.8231 |
2.28
|
<.001
|
Alcoholic Cirrhosis | 0.2759 |
1.32
|
<.001
|
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | 0.3638 |
1.44
|
<.001
|
Age (Continuous Variable) | −0.0048 | 1.00 | 0.061 |
Black | 0.1557 |
1.17
|
0.007
|
Hispanic | −0.1095 | 0.90 | 0.169 |
Other Race | 0.0869 | 1.09 | 0.219 |
Cases (HCV with ALD) | 0.8728 |
2.39
|
<.001
|
Index diagnosis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | All ALD-related costs1
| Decompensated cirrhosis | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
P-value2
|
N | 1193 | 1098 | 73 | |
Inpatient | ||||
Mean (SD) | $1,272 ($2,926) | $1,242 ($2,806) | $2,093 ($4,539) | 0.624 |
Median | $0 | $0 | $0 | |
IQR | $0-$1,006 | $0-$1,056 | $0-$1,155 | |
Outpatient | ||||
Mean (SD) | $83 ($184) | $76 ($168) | $202 ($341) | 0.051 |
Median | $23 | $23 | $37 | |
IQR | $6-$79 | $7-$78 | $8-$157 | |
Other costs3
| ||||
Mean (SD) | $1 ($11) | $1 ($11) | $2 ($10) | <.001 |
Median | $0 | $0 | $0 | |
IQR | $0-$0 | $0-$0 | $0-$0 | |
Total costs4
| ||||
Mean (SD) | $1,356 ($2,981) | $1,319 ($2,848) | $2,297 ($4,700) | 0.807 |
Median | $88 | $96 | $67 |