Background
Methods
Study area and period
Study design
Source and study population
Sample size
Sampling
Quantitative study
Qualitative study
Data collection procedure
Quantitative data
Qualitative data
Data quality management
Data processing and analysis
Quantitative data
Qualitative data
Study variables
Dependent
-
Reproductive health knowledge
-
Reproductive health services utilization
Independent
-
socio-demography variables
-
socio- economic variables
-
reproductive characteristics
Definitions
Reproductive health knowledge
Key
Reproductive health services utilization
Ethical consideration
Results
Quantitative findings
Socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics
Variables | Frequency (n = 375) | Percent |
---|---|---|
Sex
| ||
Male | 190 | 50.7 |
Female | 185 | 49.3 |
Age
| ||
10-14 | 127 | 33.9 |
15-19 | 248 | 66.1 |
Mean | 14.6 ± 4.1 | |
Marital status
| ||
Single | 319 | 85.1 |
Ever married | 56 | 14.9 |
Ever attended school
| ||
Yes | 304 | 81.1 |
No | 71 | 18.9 |
Educational status (n = 304)
| ||
Elementary | 145 | 47.7 |
Secondary | 159 | 52.3 |
Current schooling
| ||
In-school | 258 | 68.9 |
Out-of-school | 117 | 31.1 |
Current living arrangement
| ||
Both parents | 227 | 60.6 |
Single parent | 99 | 26.4 |
Husband/wife | 43 | 11.4 |
Other | 6 | 1.7 |
Family size
| ||
</=5 | 143 | 38.1 |
>5 | 232 | 61.9 |
Mean | 4.43 ± 1.73 | |
Current occupational status
| ||
Student | 258 | 68.9 |
Farmer | 42 | 11.2 |
Housewife | 39 | 10.4 |
Merchant | 31 | 8.2 |
Daily laborer | 6 | 1.6 |
Any means of communication
| ||
Yes | 251 | 67.4 |
No | 124 | 32.6 |
Reproductive health knowledge of rural adolescents
Variables | Frequency (n = 375) | % |
---|---|---|
Age at menarche (years) n = 185
| ||
10-14 | 121 | 65.4 |
15-19 | 64 | 34.6 |
Mean age at menarche | 3.8 ± 1.4 | |
A girl gets pregnant the 1
st
time she has sex
| ||
Yes | 200 | 53.5 |
No | 175 | 46.5 |
Know ways of avoiding pregnancy
| ||
Yes | 282 | 75.1 |
No | 93 | 24.9 |
Know about STIs
| ||
Yes | 236 | 63.0 |
No | 139 | 37.0 |
Know about HIV/AIDS
| ||
Yes | 297 | 79.5 |
No | 78 | 20.5 |
HIV/AIDS can be acquired with 1
st
contact
| ||
Yes | 210 | 56.2 |
No | 165 | 43.8 |
Know any way to prevent HIV/AIDS
| ||
Yes | 270 | 72.0 |
No | 105 | 28.0 |
Know about VCT
| ||
Yes | 243 | 65.0 |
No | 132 | 35.0 |
Overall knowledge
| ||
Knowledgeable | 251 | 67.0 |
Not knowledgeable | 124 | 33.0 |
Pattern of reproductive health services utilization among rural adolescents
Variables | Frequency (n==375) | Percent |
---|---|---|
Ever heard of RHS
| ||
Yes | 144 | 38.3 |
No | 231 | 61.7 |
Ever utilized RHS (n = 144)
| ||
Yes | 31 | 21.5 |
No | 113 | 79.5 |
Visited RHS centres in the last 6 months (n = 144)
| ||
Yes | 6 | 18.8 |
No | 138 | 81.2 |
Main obstacles preventing from getting RHS
| ||
Never thought of the services | 128 | 50.6 |
Services not necessary | 87 | 34.4 |
Lack of knowledge | 65 | 24.3 |
Too young/healthy | 44 | 17.4 |
Ever discussed RH topics with parents
| ||
Yes | 122 | 32.0 |
No | 253 | 68.0 |
Reasons for not discussing RH topics (n = 253)
| ||
Not necessary | 63 | 24.9 |
Fear | 188 | 74.3 |
Cultural restriction | 52 | 20.6 |
Others | 18 | 7.1 |
Well informed about RHS
| ||
Yes | 130 | 34.7 |
No | 245 | 65.3 |
Association of socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics and RH knowledge
Factors | RH knowledge | COR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Sex
| ||||
Male | 117 (46.6) | 73 (58.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 134 (53.4) | 51 (41.1) | 0.56 (0.11- 0.89) | 0.39 (0.47-1.34) |
Age (in years)
| ||||
10–14 | 54 (21.5) | 73 (58.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
15–19 | 167 (66.5) | 51 (41.1) | 1.29 (1.01-3.63) | 3.77 (3.1-8.98) |
Level of school completed
| ||||
Elementary | 106 (42.2) | 53 (42.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Secondary | 105 (57.8) | 39 (57.3) | 1.37 (1.06-6.12) | 1.35 (1.06-6.12) |
Current schooling
| ||||
In-school | 153 (61) | 105 (84.7) | 1.05 (1.03-4.98) | 1.05 (1.03-4.98) |
Out-of-school | 68 (39) | 49 (15.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Living mostly with
| ||||
Both parents | 117 (46.6) | 90 (23.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Single parent | 65 (17) | 21 (5.5) | 0.94 (0.57-1.53) | 0.94 (0.57-1.53) |
Husband/wife | 32 (8.3) | 6 (1.6) | 0.95 (0.48-1.87) | 0.95 (0.48-1.87) |
Others | 11 (2.8) | 7 (1.6) | 2.69 (1.48-14.9) | 2.21 (1.81-6.04) |
Family income
| ||||
Poor | 49 (19.5) | 94 (75.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 61 (24.3) | 24 (19.4) | 1.1 (0.58-2.1) | 1.1 (0.58-2.1) |
Rich | 141 (56.2) | 6 (4.8) | 2.15 (1.67-6.98) | 3.37 (1.65-6.87) |
Association of socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics and reproductive health services utilization
Factors | RH services utilization | COR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Age (in years)
| ||||
15–19 | 21 (67.7) | 261 (66.0) | 1.5 (1.3-5.21) | 2.18 (1.6-10.7) |
10–14 | 10 (32.3) | 83 (24.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Level of school completed
| ||||
Secondary | 20 (64.5) | 139 (61.0) | 0.57 (0.48-0.93) | 2.41 (1.42-4.1) |
Elementary | 11 (35.5) | 134 (39.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Family size
| ||||
</=5 | 18 (58.0) | 125 (36.0) | 1.81 (0.13-1.46) | 2.23 (1.09-6.87) |
>5 | 13 (42.0) | 219 (64.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Factors affecting reproductive health services utilization
RH-related factors | RH services utilization | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Ever heard about RHS
| ||||
Yes | 22 (71.0) | 116 (33.7) | 4.80 (1.32-6.71) | 3.1 (1.56-8.97) |
No | 9 (29.0) | 228 (66.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ever discussed RH topics
| ||||
Yes | 19 (61.3) | 103 (30.0) | 3.70 (1.89-5.68) | 2.4 (2.1-8.54) |
No | 12 (38.7) | 241 (70.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Well informed about RH issues
| ||||
Yes | 24 (77.4) | 106 (30.8) | 7.69 (3.2-10.21) | 4.33 (3.78-12.5) |
No | 7 (22.6) | 238 (69.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
RH knowledge
| ||||
Yes | 23 (74.2) | 228 (66.3) | 1.46 (1.35-4.23) | 1.23 (1.1-4.21) |
No | 8 (25.8) | 116 (33.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Qualitative finding
Reproductive health knowledge and associated factors
“I believe that a girl cannot become pregnant from a single act of sexual intercourse; therefore, to avoid pregnancy, some young men prefer to have sex in a causal relationship or have sex only once in a month with the same girl”.
“… for example, desire to have sexual relation with opposite sex starts approximately at about the age of five to ten; therefore, it is very important to introduce sexual education at this age to increase awareness about the ongoing conditions: when and how something happens and what to do if it comes to reality”.
“…many cases I fear because my parents may think as I am becoming an unfaithful/bad girl”.
“…I would prefer to get information from friends or relatives who are not harsh to me, those I do not fear and those I used to”.“…I prefer other young people with whom I can exchange ideas better than older people.”
Reproductive health services utilization and associated factors
“We young people are not believed to use condoms, because our reproductive organs are still small; condoms are manufactured for adults only.” “I do not think that these methods like pills are good for adolescents of our age group; when we use them they can harm our future fertility and if used for a long time there will be a lot of abortions”.
“…they think we are young and it is bad for us to use condoms”. “…for collecting pills I would feel shy because everybody would know that I am going to play sex”.