Introduction
Materials and methods
Blood collection and laboratory analysis
Statistical Analysis
Results
pts with diabetic foot | pts without diabetic foot | p | |
---|---|---|---|
n: | 34 | 37 | 0.75 |
Age
| 66.7 ± 8.5 | 66.9 ± 7.9 | 0.027 |
Sex Male (n/%)
| 16 (47,1%) | 15 (41,7%) | 0.41 |
Diabetes duration
| |||
<10 yrs | 7 (20,6%) | 21 (58,3%) | 0.027 |
=10 yrs | 8 (23.5%) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.045 |
=20 yrs | 19 (55.9) | 4 (11.1%) | <0.001 |
treatment Diet (n/%)
| 4 (11,8) | 3 (8.3%) | 0.65 |
Antidiabetici orali (n/%)
| 3 (8.8) | 10 (27.8%) | <0.001 |
Mixed (n/%)
| 6 (17.5) | 13 (36,1%) | <0.001 |
Insulin (n/%)
| 21 (61.8) | 10 (27.8) | <0.001 |
Smoking (n/%)
| 7 (20,6) | 9 (25) | 0.71 |
Hypertension (n/%)
| 20 (58,8) | 25 (69.4) | 0.041 |
Dyslipidaemia (n/%)
| 14 (41,2) | 16 (44.4) | 0.35 |
Obesity (n/%)
| 19 (55,9) | 13 (36.1) | 0.021 |
Chronic renal failure (n/%)
| 15 (44,1) | 13 (36.1) | 0.064 |
Mycroalbuminuria (n/%)
| 22 (64,7) | 6 (14,7) | <0.001 |
Retinopathty (n/%)
| 19 (55,9) | 36 (100) | <0.001 |
PAD (n/%)
| 10 (29.41) | 9 (25) | 0.54 |
CAD (n/%)
| 17 (50) | 7 (19,4) | <0.001 |
TIA/Stroke (n/%)
| 14 (41.17) | 6 (16.66) | 0.021 |
Other district atherosclerosis (n/%)
| 28 (82.35 | 21 (58.33) | <0.001 |
Artropathy (n/%)
| 11 (32,4%) | 2 (5.6%) | <0.001 |
Neuropathy (n/%)
| 25 (73.52) | 14 (38.88%) | <0.001 |
Diabetic foot grade
| |||
Grade 0
| 1 (2,9%) | - | |
Grade 1
|
6 (17,6%)
| - | |
Grade 2
|
8 (23,5%)
| - | |
Grade 3
|
10 (29,4%)
| - | |
Grade4
|
4 (11,8%)
| - | |
Grade 5
|
1 (2,9%)
| - | |
Grade 6
|
4 (11,8%)
| - |
Diabetic foot patients | Diabetics without foot complications | p | |
---|---|---|---|
HbA1c
| 8 (7.28-9.40) | 6.85 (6.10-8.00) |
0.018
|
CRP
| 4 (2.25-5.15) | 2.25 (1.90-3.08) |
0.041
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
| 215.50 (166,50-243,00) | 204.00 (185,50-210,00) | 0.054 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
| 121.70 (98,75-148,75) | 104.50 (78,00-123,00) |
0.032
|
Tryglicerids (mg/dl)
| 160.50 (119,50-209,25) | 180.50 (144,50-199,00) |
0.012
|
Globuli bianchi
| 12.675 (10775,00-14140,00) | 10.700 (8850,00-12027,50) |
0.032
|
Adiponectin (μg/ml)
| 7.1450 (4.47-12.17) | 8.480 (5.15-12.87) |
0.022
|
Resistin (ng/ml)
| 5.160 (2.96-6.29) | 3.290 (2.37-6.5) |
0.021
|
IL-6 (pg/ml)
| 3.21 (1.23-5.34) | 2.13 (1.24-3.97) |
0.033
|
Correlation analysis
Adiponectin | Resistin | IL-6 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | r | p | r | p | r | p |
Sex (male)
| 0.11 | 0.87 | 0.10 | 0.83 | 0.14 | 0.79 |
Diabetes duration
|
-0.37
|
<0.05
|
0.33
|
<0.05
|
0.29
|
0.027
|
Smoking
| 0.12 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
Hypertension
|
-0.32
|
<0.05
|
0.29
|
0.022
|
0.28
|
0.020
|
Dyslipidaemia
|
-0.29
|
0.032
|
0.27
|
0.041
|
0.25
|
0.037
|
BMI
|
-0.39
|
<0.0001
|
0. 29
|
0.022
| 0.10 | 0.20 |
Chronic renal failure
| 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.81 | 0.19 | 0.88 |
Mycroalbuminuria
| 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.64 |
0.29
|
<0.05
|
Retinopathy
|
-0.28
|
0.040
|
0.26
|
0.031
|
0.26
|
0.021
|
PAD
| 0.10 | 0.55 | 0.11 | 0.34 |
0.30
|
<0.05
|
CAD
| 0.14 | 0.77 | 0.11 | 0.67 | 0.11 | 0.67 |
Previous TIA/Stroke
|
-0.29
|
<0.05
|
0.31
|
<0.0001
|
0.32
|
<0.0001
|
Neuropathy
|
-0.31
|
<0.0001
|
0.33
|
<0.0001
|
0.34
|
<0.0001
|
Diabetic foot grade
|
-0.29
|
<0.05
|
0.32
|
<0.0001
|
0.30
|
<0.0001
|
Univariate analysis
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression coefficient | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Regression coefficient | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
Age
|
0.69
|
2.32 (1.78-5.19)
|
0.021
|
0.49
|
2.12 (182-4.48)
|
0.031
|
Diabetes duration (y) |
1.56
|
7.26 (3.80-13.87)
|
<0.001
|
1.21
|
5.67 (2.70-8.34)
|
<0.001
|
Hypercholesterolemia |
0.59
|
1.55 (1.16-2.64)
|
0.21
|
0.44
| 0.87 (0.166-1.62) | 0.42 |
Hypertension (n/%)
|
0.32
| 0.78 (1.70-4.34) | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.67 (0.30-1.12) | 0.71 |
Obesity (n/%)
|
0.32
| 0.86 (0.31-1.23) | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.77 (0.42-0.98) | 0.56 |
Chronic renal failure (n/%)
|
0.11
| 0.89 (0.53-1.31) | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.59 (0.21-0.89) | 0.71 |
Mycroalbuminuria (n/%)
|
0.41
|
1.87 (1.32-3.51)
|
0.018
|
0.41
|
1.55 (1.11-2.99)
|
0.032
|
Retinopathty (n/%)
|
0.33
|
2.31 (1.78-4.78)
|
0.012
|
0.33
|
1.99 (1.45-3.24)
|
0.021
|
PAD (n/%)
|
0.61
|
3.5 (2.7-4.1)
|
<0.005
|
0.59
|
2.9 (2.1-3.8)
|
<0.005
|
CAD (n/%)
|
0.54
|
1.6 (1.4--2.7)
|
0.033
| 0.54 | 0.89 (0.5-1.1) | 0.56 |
TIA/Stroke (n/%)
|
0.42
|
1.4 (1.21-2.09)
|
0.041
| 0.42 | 0.78 (0.33-0.91) | 0.44 |
IL-6
|
1.12
|
4.8 (3.1-5.5)
|
<0.005
|
0.98
|
3.6 (2.8-4.1)
|
<0.005
|
Resistin
|
0.49
|
2.1 (1.4-3.9)
|
0.041
|
0.43
|
1.78 (1.4-2.9)
|
0.031
|
Adyponectin
|
-0.29
|
-3.4 (-1.9-3.6)
|
<0.001
|
-0.29
|
-2.9 (-1.5-3.4)
|
<0.001
|