Background
Methods
Study site and experimental huts
Insecticide treatments
Sleepers and mosquito collection
Ethical clearance
Molecular assays
Data analysis
Results
Anopheles gambiae
Hut Treatment | Untreated Net with 6 holes | Untreated Net with 80 holes | LLIN with 6 holes | LLIN with 80 holes | Chlorfenapyr IRS | Chlorfenapyr IRS + LLIN with 6 holes | Chlorfenapyr IRS + LLIN with 80 holes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total females caught
|
78
|
147
|
91
|
110
|
263
|
105
|
71
|
Total females dead
|
4
|
5
|
45
|
41
|
149
|
87
|
65
|
Mortality (%)
|
5.1
a
|
3.4
a
|
49.5
bc
|
37.3
b
|
56.7
c
|
83
d
|
82.3
d
|
95% Confidence Limits | 0.2-10 | 0.5-6.3 | 39.2-59.7 | 28.2-46.3 | 50.7-62.6 | 75.7-90.1 | 71.4-93.3 |
Total females blood fed
|
44
|
80
|
11
|
35
|
235
|
19
|
19
|
Blood feeding (%)
|
56.4
a
|
54.4
a
|
12.1
b
|
31.8
c
|
89.4
d
|
18.1
bc
|
26.8
c
|
95% Confidence Limits | 45.4-67.4 | 45.4-62.5 | 5.4-18.8 | 23.1-40.5 | 85.6-93.1 | 10.7-25.5 | 16.5-37.1 |
Blood feeding Inhibition (%) | - | - | 78 | 42 | - | 68 | 51 |
Personal protection (%) | 75 | 56 | - | 57 | 76 | ||
Total females in verandah trap
|
37
|
58
|
64
|
75
|
109
|
85
|
49
|
Exiting (%)
|
47.4
a
|
39.5
a
|
70.3
bc
|
68.2
b
|
41.4
a
|
83
c
|
63.4
|
95% Confidence Limits | 36.4-58.5 | 3.5-47.4 | 61-79.7 | 59.5-76.9 | 35.5-47.4 | 73.4-88.5 | 52.7-73.9b |
Culex quinquefasciatus
Hut Treatment | Untreated Net with 6 holes | Untreated Net with 80 holes | LLIN with 6 holes | LLIN with 80 holes | Chlorfenapyr IRS | Chlorfenapyr IRS + LLIN with 6 holes | Chlorfenapyr IRS + LLIN with 80 holes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total females caught
|
533
|
1370
|
1014
|
1018
|
1507
|
1260
|
1083
|
Total females dead
|
9
|
27
|
152
|
133
|
487
|
642
|
455
|
Mortality (%)
|
1.7
a
|
2.0
a
|
15.0
b
|
13.1
b
|
32.3
c
|
51.0
d
|
42.0
e
|
95% Confidence Limits | 0.6-2.8 | 1.2-2.7 | 12.8-17.2 | 11.0-15.1 | 30.0-34.7 | 48.2-53.7 | 39.1-45.0 |
Total females blood fed
|
180
|
666
|
55
|
124
|
1157
|
52
|
107
|
Blood feeding (%)
|
33.8
a
|
48.6
b
|
5.4
c
|
12.2
d
|
76.8
e
|
4.1
c
|
9.9
d
|
95% Confidence Limits | 29.8-37.8 | 46.0-51.3 | 4.0-6.8 | 10.2-14.2 | 74.6-78.9 | 3.0-5.2 | 8.1-11.7 |
Blood feeding Inhibition (%) | - | - | 84 | 75 | - | 88 | 80 |
Personal protection (%) | - | - | - | 81 | - | 71 | 84 |
Total females in verandah trap
|
225
|
389
|
677
|
603
|
638
|
784
|
687
|
Exiting (%)
|
42.2
a
|
28.4
b
|
66.8
c
|
59.2
d
|
42.3
a
|
62.2
d
|
63. 4
cd
|
95% Confidence Limits | 38 - 46.4 | 26 - 30.8 | 63.9 - 70 | 56.2 - 62.2 | 40 - 45 | 60 - 65 | 60.8 - 66.3 |
Genotype selection
Treatments | Alive | Dead |
---|---|---|
Chlorfenapyr (500 mg/m2) IRS |
0.77 (14/18)
|
0.84 (32/38)
|
Chlorfenapyr (500 mg/m2) IRS + LLIN with 80 holes |
1.0 (25/25)
|
0.90 (18/20)
|
LLIN with 80 holes |
0.82 (33/40)
|
0.86 (19/22)
|
Untreated net with 80 holes |
0.82 (41/50)
|
0.89 (16/18)
|