Background
Materials and methods
Ethnobotanical survey area
Mosquitoes
Extraction of volatile oils from plants
Formulation of repellents
Impregnation of materials with extracts
Tunnel chamber experiment
Laboratory studies
Cage tests
Susceptibility bioassays
Contact or cone bioassays
Ethical considerations
Statistical analysis
Results
Evaluated factor | Assessed variable | Number of respondent (%) |
---|---|---|
Sex of head of household interviewed | Males | 83(61%) |
Females | 37(39%) | |
Number occupants | Mean per house | 5 |
Level of education | Below primary school | 26(22%) |
With primary School | 70(58%) | |
Above primary School | 24(20%) | |
House type | Mud wall and thatch roof | 75(63%) |
Brick walls and iron roof | 45(37%) | |
Occupation | Peasant (Small farmers) | 87(73%) |
Employed | 20(17%) | |
Business | 13(11%) |
Knockdown effect based on exposure to filter papers impregnated with plant extract
Treatment/Species |
An. gambiae ss
(KD90 in Min.) |
An. arabiensis
(KD90 in Min.) |
Cx. Quinquefasciatus
(KD90 in Min.) |
---|---|---|---|
OK | 19.1 | 19.5 | 15.2 |
OS | 14.9 | 20.7 | 20.9 |
Citronella | 12.9 | 10.3 | 16.9 |
Mosquito mortality in experiments with treated netting materials (contact bioassays)
Biting inhibition of mosquitoes
Tunnel experiments
Citronella
An. gambiae (N = 100) | An. arabiensis (N = 100) | Cx. quinquefaciatus(N = 100) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Repellency | P-value* | % Repellency | P-value* | % Repellency | P-value* | |
Citronella | 81 | 0.000 | 85 | 0.000 | 98 | 0.000 |
OS | 81 | 0.020 | 89 | 0.010 | 91 | 0.07 |
OK | 73 | 0.050 | 75 | 0.070 | 82 | 0.040 |
Test Product |
An. gambiae
(N = 100) |
An. Arabiensis
(N = 100) |
Cx. quinquefasciatus
(N = 100) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Feeding inhibition | P- value* | %Feeding inhibition | P- value* | % Feeding inhibition | P- value* | |
Citronella | 93 | 0.000 | 96 | 0.000 | 100 | 0.000 |
OS | 88 | 0.012 | 90 | 0.012 | 100 | 0.000 |
OK | 77 | 0.060 | 90 | 0.012 | 99 | 0.003 |
Test | An. gambiae (N = 100) | An. arabiensis (N = 100) | Cx. quinquefasciatus (N = 100) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Product | % Mortality | P-value* | % Mortality | P-value* | % Mortality | P-value* |
Citronella | 63 | 0.000 | 69 | 0.000 | 65 | 0.000 |
OS | 50 | 0.009 | 58 | 0.001 | 67 | 0.039 |
OK | 47 | 0.001 | 52 | 0.040 | 65 | 0.001 |