Background
Methods
Parasite lines and isolates
Region/Country |
pfhrp2
|
pfhrp3
| Region/Country |
pfhrp2
|
pfhrp3
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
|
No. types
|
n
|
No. types
|
N
|
No. types
|
n
|
No. types
| ||
AFRICA
|
CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA
| ||||||||
Benin (BJ) | 1 | 1 | Brazil (BR) | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | ||
Burkina Faso (BF) | 1 | 1 | Colombia (CO) | 12 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||
Cameroon (CM) | 2 | 2 | Ecuador (EC) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Central African Republic (CF) | 13 | 13 | 1 | 1 | Haiti (HT) | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
Gambia (GM) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Honduras (HN) | 3 | 2 | ||
Ghana (GH) | 6 | 6 | Peru (PE) | 18 | 4 | 6 | 2 | ||
Guinea (GN) | 1 | 1 | Santa Lucia (LC) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Kenya (KE) | 30 | 30 | 6 | 6 | Suriname (SR) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Liberia (LR) | 3 | 3 |
Sub total
|
57
|
15
| ||||
Madagascar (MG) | 17 | 17 |
ASIA
| ||||||
Malawi (MW) | 2 | 2 | Cambodia (KH) | 32 | 24 | 1 | 1 | ||
Nigeria (NG) | 80 | 74 | 16 | 11 | China (CN) | 10 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
Niger (NE) | 1 | 1 | Indonesia (ID) | 5 | 4 | ||||
Sierra Leone (SL) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Malaysia (MY) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Sudan (SD) | 3 | 3 | Myanmar (MM) | 5 | 5 | ||||
Tanzania (TZ) | 39 | 34 | 2 | 2 | Philippines (PH) | 45 | 27 | 7 | 4 |
Uganda (UG) | 2 | 2 | Thailand (TH) | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | ||
Zambia (ZM) | 2 | 2 | Vietnam (VN) | 5 | 4 | ||||
Sub total
|
206
|
27
|
Sub total
|
111
|
17
| ||||
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC
| |||||||||
Papua New Guinea (PG) | 17 | 12 | 7 | 6 | |||||
Solomon Is. (SB) | 35 | 17 | 13 | 9 | |||||
East Timor (TP) | 24 | 12 | |||||||
Vanuatu (VU) | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Sub total
|
84
|
21
| |||||||
Global total
| 458 | 80 |
DNA isolation, PCR amplification and sequencing of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3
Translation of DNA sequences and analysis of repeats
Code | Repeat | PfHRP2 | PfHRP3 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | AHHAHHVAD | + | + |
2 | AHHAHHAAD | + | + |
3 | AHHAHHAAY | + | - |
4 | AHH | + | + |
5 | AHHAHHASD | + | - |
6 | AHHATD | + | - |
7 | AHHAAD | + | + |
8 | AHHAAY | + | - |
9 | AAY | + | - |
10 | AHHAAAHHATD | + | - |
11 | AHN | + | - |
12 | AHHAAAHHEAATH | + | - |
13 | AHHASD | + | - |
14 | AHHAHHATD | + | - |
15 | AHHAHHAAN | - | + |
16 | AHHAAN | - | + |
17 | AHHDG | - | + |
18 | AHHDD | - | + |
19
|
AHHAA
| + | - |
20
|
SHHDD
| + | + |
21
|
AHHAHHATY
| + | - |
22
|
AHHAHHAGD
| + | - |
23
|
ARHAAD
| + | - |
24
|
AHHTHHAAD
| + | - |
Statistical analyses
Results
Variation in pfhrp2
pfhrp2
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seq. type
|
Shared in
Country
|
Seq. type
|
Shared in
Country
|
Seq. type
|
Shared in
Country
|
a | SB, PH | u | KE, TP, TH | ao | NG |
b | ID, NG | v | CN | ap | CO, HT |
c | PG, VU | w | SB | aq | CO, PE |
d | UG, KH, MY, PH | x | BR, PE, | ar | GH, NG |
e | SB, PH | y | HN, LC | as | TH |
f | SB, PH | z | NG | at | CO, KH |
g | PH | aa | LR, PG | au | NG |
h | SD, SB | ab | BR | av | NG, TZ, PE, KH |
i | SB | ac | PH | aw | KH |
j | PH | ad | HT | ax | KH |
k | PH | ae | PH | ay | KH, ID, MM |
l | PH | af | TP | az | KH |
m | VN | ag | BR | ba | CO |
n | VU | ah | CN | bb | NG |
o | PH | ai | CN | bc | PH |
p | TP | aj | BR, SR | bd | NG, TZ |
q | SB | ak | NG | be | PG, ID |
r | TP | al | NG | bf | NG, SB |
s | SB | am | PG, SB | bg | SB |
t | GH, PH, TH | an | PE | ||
pfhrp3
| |||||
bh | PE | bn | CN, SR | bs | NG, SB |
bi | KE, TH, CO, HT | bo | NG, CF, MY | bt | PG, SB, HT |
bj | NG | bp | PG, SB | bu | PG, KH |
bk | NG | bq | KE, PH | bv | NG, VU |
bl | PH | br | PG, TH | bw | SB |
bm | NG, CN, PE, BR |