Background
Materials and methods
Subjects
Biochemical analyses
Analysis of circulating endotoxin levels
Assessment of inflammatory markers
Statistical analysis
Results
Serum levels of endotoxin
NAFLD
|
Controls
|
P-value
| |
---|---|---|---|
Age
(yrs)
| 49.1 ± 12.6 | 44.6 ± 9.9 | NS |
BMI
(kg/m
2
)
| 34.0 ± 6.0 | 26.4 ± 4.5 | 0.0001 |
Endotoxin #:
(EU/mL)
| 10.6(7.8, 14.8) | 3.9(3.2, 5.2) | 0.0001 |
Fatty Liver #
| 11.7(7.3, 15.6) | n/a | 0.0001 |
NASH #
| 10.5(8.0, 14.0) | n/a | 0.0001 |
Cirrhosis #
| 7.1(5.2, 11.2) | n/a | 0.01 |
Insulin #
(μU/mL)
| 18.5(10.3, 28.8) | 12.9(10.6, 16.0) | 0.001 |
Glucose #
(mmol/L)
| 5.5(4.8, 6.5) | 5.3(4.9, 6.2) | NS |
HOMA-IR # | 4.2(2.5, 7.5) | 3.1(2.4, 4.1) | 0.001 |
TNF-α #
(pg/mL)
| 5.8(4.5, 8.1) | 11.2(9.5, 12.2) | 0.0001 |
sCD14 #
(ng/mL)
| 1623(1370, 2013) | 1431.3 ± (1244, 1827) | NS |
sTNFRII #
(pg/mL)
| 2229.2(1865.6, 2879.9) | 2253.2(1900.4, 2536.5) | NS |
NAFLD | NASH | P-value NAFLD Vs NASH | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs)
| 47.2 ± 11.1 | 50.4 ± 13.3 | NS |
BMI (kg/m
2
)
| 32.6 ± 5.7 | 35.0 ± 6.0 | p < 0.05 |
Endotoxin (EU/mL) #
| 12.3(7.3, 15.6) | 10.9(7.8, 13.9) | NS |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 12.3(6.6, 17.2) | 8.6(5.5, 11.7) | |
1
| 13.3(11.1, 15.6) | 11.7(8.0, 17.2) | |
2
| 7.1(7.1, 7.1) | 11.7(8.2, 15.0) | |
3
| NA | 12.6(9.4, 14.5) | |
4
| NA | 8.2(5.2, 11.2) | |
Insulin (μU/mL) # | 18.3(8.1, 22.3) | 30.4(14.6, 36.3) | p < 0.001 |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 16.7(8.1, 21.1) | 29.1(9.8, 26.2) | |
1
| 37.2(8.7, 76.3) | 26.8(14.2, 33.4) | |
2
| NA | 27.4(16.3, 36.9) | |
3
| NA | 38.6(18.4, 67.2) | |
4
| NA | 37.0(17.6, 54.8) | |
Glucose (mmol/L) # | 5.5(4.8, 6.1) | 6.6(4.8, 7.0) | p = 0.01 |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 5.4(4.8, 5.9) | 6.9(4.5, 6.2) | |
1
| 6.6(4.8, 8.3) | 5.5(4.7, 5.8) | |
2
| 6.7(6.7, 6.7) | 5.7(4.5, 6.4) | |
3
| NA | 8.0(5.5, 9.2) | |
4
| NA | 8.2(5.0, 10.8) | |
HOMA-IR # | 4.8(1.7, 5.6) | 8.6(3.3, 13.3) | p < 0.001 |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 4.1(1.7, 5.4) | 7.4(1.9, 7.3) | |
1
| 12.4(1.8, 27.0) | 7.0(3.0, 8.6) | |
2
| NA | 6.9(3.3, 9.1) | |
3
| NA | 12.8(4.4, 22.5) | |
4
| NA | 12.7(7.0, 21.9) | |
TNF-α (pg/mL) #
| 8.3(4.2, 7.3) | 14.7(5.0, 8.9) | p < 0.05 |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 8.6(4.2, 7.4) | 7.4(4.7, 8.0) | |
1
| 6.0(4.0, 8.9) | 16.6(5.1, 6.9) | |
2
| 6.3(6.3, 6.3) | 8.5(4.9, 10.6) | |
3
| NA | 43.7(4.4, 21.6) | |
4
| NA | 6.7(4.7, 9.0) | |
sCD14 (ng/mL) #
| 1575.0(1242.6, 1840.8) | 1805.2(1374.8, 2169.6) | p = 0.01 |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 1533.3(1224.6, 1809.2) | 1716.0(1331.1, 2018.2) | |
1
| 1851.2(1319.3, 2408.3 | 1642.2(1302.1, 1857.5) | |
2
| 1747.1(1747.1, 1747.1) | 1829.3(1558.2, 2253.3) | |
3
| NA | 1870.0(1680.2, 2080.5) | |
4
| NA | 2000.3(1361.0, 2460.1) | |
sTNFRII (pg/mL) #
| 2097.3(1642.42453.7) | 2676.9(2075.6, 3034.2) | p < 0.001 |
Fibrosis score: 0
| 2062.9(1621.2, 2445.0) | 2491.0(2076.8, 2377.6) | |
1
| 2292.8(1729.0, 3067.5) | 2330.2(1991.2, 2752.2) | |
2
| 2494.9(2494.9, 2494.9) | 2597.2(1833.7, 3341.7) | |
3
| NA | 2688.9(1962.0, 3047.1) | |
4
| NA | 3538.0(2558.3, 4229.2) |
Serum levels of sCD14
Serum levels of sTNFRII
The effect of diabetic status on levels of endotoxin and sCD14
Therapeutic influence of Orlistat on metabolic markers in NAFLD patients
Diet alone
|
Diet and Orlistat
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | |
Age (years)
| 48.8 ± 11.5 | 53.4 ± 16 | ||||
Body weight (kg)
| 100.0 ± 16.1 | 100.8 ± 16.3 | 101.6 ± 16.3 | 100.9 ± 24.5 | 95.5 ± 24.4 * | 96.4 ± 25.7 * |
Endotoxin (EU/mL)
| 15.9 ± 7.2 | 16.7 ± 5.5 | 14.4 ± 11.0 | 15.8 ± 4.6 | 14.4 ± 5.7 | 11.1 ± 4.0 ** |
sCD14 (μg/mL)
| 1.52 ± 0.40 | 2.46 ± 0.19 | 2.25 ± 1.28 | 1.45 ± 0.60 | 1.55 ± 0.35 | 1.59 ± 0.69 |
Glucose (mmol/L)
| 6.5 ± 2.4 | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 3.8 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 1.4 |
Insulin (μU/mL)
| 24.2 ± 20.2 | 21.2 ± 9.5 | 22.6 ± 13.5 | 21.6 ± 13.1 | ||
HOMA-IR
| 3.2 ± 2.6 | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.6 | ||
ALT (U/L)
| 129 ± 86 | 90 ± 67 | 100 ± 68 | 93 ± 31 | 60 ± 20 ** | 66 ± 41 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
| 4.9 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.7 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
| 2.8 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.6 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
| 1.09 ± 0.17 | 1.62 ± 0.58 | 1.68 ± 1.35 | 1.16 ± 0.26 | 1.38 ± 0.39 | 1.23 ± 0.36 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
| 2.4 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.7 |