Background
Methods
Respondent recruitment and selection
Health status and HRQoL measurement
Disease characteristics and management
Work productivity and activity impairment
Utility valuation
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients & disease characteristics
UK | France | Spain | Italy | Germany | USA | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 620 | |
Age
| Mean | 30.3 (9.6) | 32.3 (10.8) | 32.1 (10.6) | 32.1 (10.6) | 31.4 (10.8) | 32.1(10.8) | 31.8 (10.5) |
Median (range) | 27.0 [18.0; 56.0] | 29.0 [18.0; 61.0] | 29.0 [18.0; 60.0] | 28.0 [19.0; 60.0] | 28.0 [18.0; 62.0] | 29.0 [18.0;63.0] | 28.0 [18.0; 63.0] | |
Marital status
| Single | 37 (37.0%) | 23 (21.50%) | 23 (21.7%) | 48 (45.7%) | 37 (35.6%) | 30 (29.4%) | 195 (31.5%) |
Married | 22 (22.0%) | 33 (30.84%) | 35 (33.0%) | 32 (30.5%) | 32 (30.8%) | 50 (49.0%) | 204 (32.9%) | |
Divorced | 2 (2.0%) | 7 (6.54%) | 3 (2.8%) | 5 (4.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 6 (5.9%) | 23 (3.7%) | |
Separated | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | 2 (1.9%) | 0 | 4 (3.9%) | 3 (2.9%) | 10 (1.6%) | |
Living with partner | 38 (38.0%) | 44 (41.1%) | 43 (40.6%) | 20 (19.1%) | 30 (28.9%) | 13 (12.8%) | 188 (30.3%) | |
Number of employed women
| N (%) | 71 (71.0%) | 83 (77.5%) | 62 (62.0%) | 60 (57.1%) | 78 (73.5%) | 69 (67.7%) | 423 (68.2%) |
UK* | France | Spain | Italy | Germany | USA | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Last time the women experienced the symptoms
| N | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 520 | |
Today | N (%) | 5 (4.7%) | 4 (4.0%) | 7 (6.7%) | 7 (6.6%) | 7 (6.9%) | 30 (5.8%) | |
Less than a week ago | N (%) | 27 (25.2%) | 18 (18.0%) | 20 (19.1%) | 20 (18.9%) | 22 (21.6%) | 107 (20.6%) | |
1 to 4 weeks ago | N (%) | 42 (39.3%) | 49 (49.0%) | 55 (52.4%) | 42 (39.6%) | 47 (46.1%) | 235 (45.2%) | |
1 to 3 months ago | N (%) | 24 (22.4%) | 24 (24.0%) | 15 (14.3%) | 23 (21.7%) | 24 (23.5%) | 110 (21.2%) | |
3 to 6 months ago | N (%) | 6 (5.6%) | 4 (4.0%) | 5 (4.8%) | 10 (9.4%) | 2 (2.0%) | 27 (5.2%) | |
More than 6 months ago | N (%) | 3 (2.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 3 (2.9%) | 4 (3.8%) | 0 | 11 (2.1%) | |
Symptoms today: n (%)
| N | 5 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 30 | |
Vaginal itching and/or Burning | N (%) | 5 (100.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | 7 (100.0%) | 6 (85.7%) | 4 (57.1%) | 26 (86.7%) | |
Thick, white or yellowish vaginal discharge | N (%) | 4 (80.0%) | 4 (100.0%) | 6 (85.7%) | 4 (57.1%) | 5 (71.4%) | 23 (76.7%) | |
Pain on intercourse | N (%) | 2 (40.0%) | 3 (75.0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 1 (14.3%) | 3 (42.9%) | 11 (36.7%) | |
Pain and burning on urination | N (%) | 0 | 1 (25.0%) | 4 (57.1%) | 3 (42.9%) | 4 (57.1%) | 12 (40.0%) | |
Number of infections
| ||||||||
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 620 | |
Mean (SD) | 5.74 (2.19) | 5.22 (1.43) | 5.22 (1.45) | 5.28 (1.54) | 5.05 (1.26) | 5.60 (1.81) | 5.34 (1.64) | |
Duration of infection (days)
| ||||||||
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 620 | |
Mean (SD) | 6.96 (5.00) | 7.01 (4.31) | 10.75 (12.25) | 7.43 (4.94) | 6.50 (4.76) | 6.66 (4.65) | 7.57 (6.77) | |
Patients treatment with long-term antifungal therapy
| N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 620 |
Patients never treated | N (%) | 68 (68.00%) | 45 (42.06%) | 45 (42.45%) | 29 (27.62%) | 72 (69.23%) | 64 (62.75%) | 321 (51.8%) |
Patients currently treated | N (%) | 12 (12.00%) | 29 (27.10%) | 25 (23.81%) | 42 (40.38%) | 9 (8.49%) | 26 (25.49%) | 141 (22.7%) |
Previously treated | N (%) | 20 (20.00%) | 33 (30.84%) | 36 (33.96%) | 34 (32.38%) | 23 (22.11%) | 12 (15.79%) | 158 (25.5%) |
Impact of RVVC on subjective health status and HRQoL
Number of women | EQ-5D mobility | EQ-5D self-care | EQ-5D usual activities | EQ-5D pain/discomfort | EQ-5D anxiety/depression | Source | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportions of patients with problems at the completion day
| ||||||||
UK
| RVVC sample | N = 100 | 17.0% | 8.0% | 24.0% | 60.0% | 43.0% | |
General population | N = 1926 | 13.4% | 3.1% | 11.9% | 25.4% | 18.4% |
euroqol
| |
Test (p-value) | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | |||
France
| RVVC sample | N = 107 | 12.2% | 5.6% | 17.8% | 65.4% | 57.0% | |
General population | N = 2,892 | 13.2% | 4.1% | 10.0% | 35.3% | 14.6% |
Konig et al.
| |
General pop (adjusted) | N = 2,892 | 17.1% | 5.4% | 13.5% | 49.0% | 21.8% | ||
Test (p-value) | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | |||
Spain
| RVVC sample | N = 100 | 20.0% | 20.0% | 29.0% | 60.0% | 49.0% | |
General population | N = 323 | 5.9% | 0.4% | 5.5% | 22.9% | 18.1% |
euroqol
| |
Test (p-value) | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | |||
Italy
| RVVC sample | N = 105 | 35.2% | 22.9% | 56.2% | 78.1% | 61.9% | |
General population | N = 4,709 | 12.0% | 4.3% | 10.9% | 27.6% | 9.3% |
Konig et al.
| |
General pop (adjusted) | N = 4,709 | 15.6% | 5.7% | 14.7% | 38.3% | 13.9% | ||
Test (p-value) | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | |||
Germany
| RVVC sample | N = 106 | 17.0% | 5.7% | 25.5% | 54.7% | 50.9% | |
General population | N = 340 | 7.4% | 1.1% | 6.7% | 27.4% | 19.6% |
euroqol
| |
Test (p-value) | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | P < 0.0001 | |||
USA
| RVVC sample | N = 102 | 29.4% | 20.6% | 33.3% | 57.8% | 55.9% | |
Total
| RVVC sample | N = 620 | 17.0% | 5.7% | 25.5% | 54.7% | 50.9% | |
Spearman correlation coefficients with:
| ||||||||
Physical health - SF36 | Correlation coeff. |
−0.41027
|
−0.37495
|
−0.41759
|
−0.39627
| −0.21067 | ||
P-value | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
Mental health - SF36 | Correlation coeff. | −0.2122 | −0.18161 | −0.20143 | −0.22917 |
−0.44891
| ||
P-value | <.0001 | 0.0002 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
UK | France | Spain | Italy | Germany | USA | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All RVVC sample, during the day of completion of the questionnaire (a)
| ||||||||
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 620 | |
(UK TTO formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.74 (0.28) | 0.72 (0.25) | 0.67 (0.34) | 0.61 (0.30) | 0.76 (0.25) | 0.68 (0.34) | 0.70 (0.30) |
(country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.74 (0.28) | 0.77 (0.23) | 0.72 (0.32) | - | 0.86 (0.20) | 0.76 (0.23) | - |
Women with infection, during the day of completion of the questionnaire
| ||||||||
N | 5 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 30 | ||
(UK TTO formula) | Mean (Sd) | - | 0.62 (0.41) | 0.48 (0.30) | 0.73 (0.10) | 0.79 (0.34) | 0.53 (0.33) | 0.64 (0.31) |
(country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | - | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.73 (0.33) | - | 0.87 (0.20) | 0.77 (0.23) | - |
Women Without infection, during the day of completion of the questionnaire
| ||||||||
N | 102 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 95 | 490 | ||
(UK TTO formula) | 0.73 (0.25) | 0.68 (0.34) | 0.60 (0.31) | 0.75 (0.24) | 0.69 (0.34) | 0.69 (0.30) | ||
(country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.78 (0.22) | 0.73 (0.33) | - | 0.87 (0.20) | 0.77 (0.23) | - | |
General population (b)
| ||||||||
N | 3395 | 2892 | 5473 | 4709 | 3552 | 4000 | - | |
Mean (Sd) | 0.92 (0.22) | 0.89 (−) | 0.93 (−) | 0.90 (−) | 0.94 (−) | 0.88 (−) | 0.91 (−) | |
Adjusted mean (Sd) | - | 0.86 (−) | 0.89 (−) | 0.87 (−) | 0.92 (−) | - | - | |
Source |
Dennis et al.
|
König et al.
|
König et al.
|
König et al.
|
König et al.
|
Kind et al.
| - | |
Difference (a - b)
| ||||||||
(UK TTO formula) | Mean (Sd) | −0.18 (−) | −0.17 (−) | −0.26 (−) | −0.29 (−) | −0.18 (−) | −0.20 (−) | −0.21 (−) |
Adjusted mean (Sd) | - | −0.14 (−) | −0.22 (−) | −0.26 (−) | −0.16 (−) | - | - | |
(country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | −0.18 (−) | −0.12 (−) | −0.21 (−) | - | −0.08 (−) | −0.12 (−) | - |
Mean (Sd) (adjusted) | - | −0.09 (−) | −0.17 (−) | - | −0.06 (−) | - | - | |
During the last acute episode (at the completion of the questionnaire or before) (c)*
| ||||||||
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 520 | |
(UK TTO formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.71 (0.27) | 0.52 (0.33) | 0.48 (0.34) | 0.42 (0.35) | 0.62 (0.28) | 0.51 (0.36) | 0.51 (0.34) |
(country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.71 (0.27) | 0.59 (0.31) | 0.54 (0.35) | - | 0.76 (0.24) | 0.64 (0.24) | - |
Symptom-free period (at the completion of the questionnaire or before) (d)*
| ||||||||
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 520 | |
(UK TTO formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.86 (0.24) | 0.72 (0.26) | 0.68 (0.34) | 0.62 (0.31) | 0.77 (0.24) | 0.69 (0.33) | 0.70 (0.30) |
(country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | 0.86 (0.24) | 0.77 (0.23) | 0.73 (0.32) | - | 0.87 (0.19) | 0.77 (0.23) | - |
Difference (c - d)*
| ||||||||
N | 100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | 520 | |
Utility score (UK TTO formula) | Mean (Sd) | −0.15 (0.23) | −0.20 (0.29) | −0.20 (0.34) | −0.20 (0.30) | −0.15 (0.23) | −0.18 (0.27) | −0.19 (0.29) |
Utility score (country specific formula) | Mean (Sd) | −0.15 (0.23) | −0.19 (0.25) | −0.19 (0.32) | - | −0.12 (0.20) | −0.12 (0.18) | - |
Health state utility values during and outside infection periods
Category | Reference | Estimates | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)
| −0.0021 | 0.0779 | ||
The last time you experienced symptoms
| 1 to 4 weeks ago | This week | 0.1161 | 0.0004 |
1 to 3 months | 0.1507 | 0.0001 | ||
More than 3 months | 0.1633 | 0.0033 | ||
Number of yeast infection
| 4-5 infections | 6 infections and more | 0.0507 | 0.0762 |
When did you stop the antifungal long-term therapy?
| In the past 12 months | This treatment is still ongoing | 0.1566 | 0.0002 |
More than 12 months ago | 0.2249 | 0.0001 | ||
Never treated | 0.2081 | <.0001 |
Work productivity and activity impairment
UK | France | Spain | Italy | Germany | USA | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 | 107 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 102 | ||
Number of employed women | 71 (71.0%) | 83 (77.5%) | 62 (62.0%) | 60 (57.1%) | 78 (73.5%) | 69 (67.7%) | |
Missing hours from work/RVVC episode | 5.86 (12.39) | 8.72 (17.67) | 3.37 (9.62) | 5.23 (8.29) | 6.12 (10.59) | 7.00 (10.80) | |
Number of missing hours/year | 33.6 | 45.5 | 17.6 | 27.6 | 30.9 | 39.2 | |
Average annual hours actually worked per worker - 2011 (b) | 1625 | 1476 | 1690 | 1774 | 1413 | 1787 | OECD |
Average annual wages (National Currency Unit) - 2011 (c) | 31413 | 34284 | 27010 | 28109 | 33766 | 54450 | OECD |
Average daily wages (National Currency Unit) - 2011 (d) = (c)/(b) | 19.33 | 23.23 | 15.98 | 15.84 | 23.9 | 30.47 | |
Average daily wages. in € | 19.33* | 23.23 | 15.98 | 15.84 | 23.9 | 23.53** | |
Monetary equivalence of the annual productivity loss (€) (mean.sd)
|
851.6 (1580)
|
1129.9 (2316)
|
265.7 (677)
|
455.1 (679)
|
785.0 (1384)
|
973.9 (1613)
|