Background
Methods
Selection of samples
Procedures
Samples
Healthy | Diabetes | Cardiac | Asthmaa
| Asthmab
| ESRD | Psych. | Cancer | Rheum. | CP | Obesityc
| GI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | ||||||||||||
Self-Report: | ||||||||||||
Mean Age¥ (SD) | 9.79 (3.15) | 13.65 (3.33) | 11.68 (3.62) | 9.58 (1.65) | 13.62 (1.28) | 13.54 (3.77) | N/A | 11.49 (4.25) | 12.56 (3.45) | 10.42 (3.92) | 12.10 (3.00) | 11.57 (3.27) |
Age Range¥
| 5.00–18.10 | 5.00–18.99 | 5.00–18.85 | 7.00–12.00 | 12.00–18.00 | 5.00–18.99 | 5.00–18.99 | 5.01–18.90 | 5.00–18.00 | 5.00–18.34 | 5.00–18.00 | |
Self-Report: | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | 2836 (51.5%) | 134 (44.7%) | 173 (60.3%) | 93 (57.1%) | 69 (54.8%) | 47 (55.3%) | N/A | 220 (55.8%) | 63 (18.8%) | 40 (50.6%) | 57 (54.0%) | 132 (47.1%) |
Female | 2671 (48.5%) | 166 (55.3%) | 114 (39.7%) | 68 (41.7%) | 52 (41.3%) | 21 (24.7%) | 173 (43.9%) | 255 (75.9%) | 37 (46.8%) | 49 (46.0%) | 148 (52.9%) | |
Total Sample: | ||||||||||||
Mean Age ¥ (SD) | 7.83 (3.99) | 13.20 (3.83) | 9.21 (4.73) | 9.56 (1.65) | 9.04 (3.62) | 12.62 (4.54) | 11.30 (3.20) | 9.64 (4.93) | 11.44 (4.28) | 8.08 (4.33) | 12.10 (3.00) | 11.43 (3.37) |
Age Range¥
| 2.00–18.10 | 3.00–18.99 | 2.07–18.85 | 7.00–12.00 | 2.00–18.00 | 2.46–18.99 | 2.01–18.99 | 2.38–18.90 | 2.00–18.00 | 3.04–18.34 | 2.00–18.00 | |
Total Sample: | ||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | 4918 (51.4%) | 149 (45.0%) | 246 (57.7%) | 93 (56.4%) | 251 (54.2%) | 52 (54.2%) | 185 (59.7%) | 326 (57.0%) | 80 (20.4%) | 134 (54.7%) | 57 (54.0%) | 136 (47.4%) |
Female | 4647 (48.6%) | 180 (54.4%) | 180 (42.2%) | 69 (41.8%) | 181 (39.1%) | 25 (26.0%) | 125 (40.3%) | 245 (42.8%) | 293 (74.6%) | 107 (43.7%) | 49 (46.0%) | 151 (52.6%) |
Total Sample: | ||||||||||||
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
White | 14.1% | 46.5% | 78.4% | 34.5% | 26.8% | 38.5% | N/A | 22.0% | 44.8% | 44.9% | 26.4% | 71.1% |
Hispanic | 61.7% | 25.1 % | 7.7% | 5.5 % | 24.2% | 18.8% | N/A | 41.1% | 19.1 % | 33.9 % | 59.4% | 15.7% |
Black | 2.5% | 10.6 % | 8.9% | 8.5% | 28.7% | 16.7% | N/A | 3.0 % | 3.8 % | 4.9 % | 7.5% | 10.1% |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 10.9% | 8.8 % | 2.1% | 0.6 % | N/A | 1.0 % | N/A | 3.8 % | 4.1 % | 5.3 % | 0.9% | 0.7% |
American | 0.4% | 1.5 % | 0.0% | 0.0% | N/A | 0.0% | N/A | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8 % | 0.0% | 0.4% |
Indian/Alaskan Other | 0.5% | 6.0% | 0.7% | 3.0% | 20.3% | 3.1% | N/A | 5.8 % | 2.0 % | 4.1 % | 5.7% | 2.4% |
Total Sample: | ||||||||||||
Mean SES | ||||||||||||
Index‡ (SD) | N/A⟡ | 42.72* (14.30) | 42.13* (13.45) | 42.11*~ (12.04) | N/A | 36.13§ (13.57) | N/A†
| 35.43§¤ (17.82) | 44.73* (14.20) | 42.48* (14.26) | 35.60§ (14.50) | N/A |
Pediatric asthma sample
Pediatric cancer sample
Pediatric cardiac sample
Pediatric cerebral palsy sample
Pediatric diabetes sample
Pediatric end stage renal disease sample
Pediatric gastrointestinal conditions sample
Pediatric obesity sample
Pediatric psychiatric disorders sample
Pediatric rheumatology sample
Healthy children sample
Measures
The PedsQL™ 4.0 (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0)
PedsQL™ Family Information Form
Statistical analyses
Influence of sociodemographic characteristics
Comparisons across disease clusters and a healthy sample
Comparison of disease categories/severities within their respective disease clusters
Results
Influence of sociodemographic characteristics
Age
Gender
Race/ethnicity
Comparisons across disease clusters and with a healthy sample
Overall HRQOL
Healthya
| Diab.b
| GIc
| Card.d
| Asthmae
| Obesityf
| ESRDg
| Psych.h
| Canceri
| Rheum.j
| CPk
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Differences |
Self-Report
| (n = 5480) | (n = 300) | (n = 280) | (n = 250) | (n = 162) | (n = 63) | (n = 85) | (n = 296) | (n = 393) | (n = 336) | (n = 77) | |
Total Score | 83.84 (12.65) | 80.35 (12.89) 0.28
| 77.79 (13.24) 0.48
| 77.47 (14.51) 0.50
| 74.85 (16.52) 0.71
| 74.00 (14.20) 0.78
| 73.97 (15.22) 0.78
| 72.20 (12.70) 0.92
| 71.97 (16.12) 0.94
| 70.35 (17.83) 1.07
| 66.85 (16.73) 1.34
| a > b, d, e, g, h, i, j, k, f, c***; b, d > h***; h > k*; b > e, g**; b > i, j, k***; d, c > i, j, k***; e > j*; e > k***; g > k*; i > k*; c > h***;b > f* |
Physical Health | 87.53 (13.50) | 85.89 (13.33) 0.12
| 80.80 (13.84) 0.50
| 82.28 (15.68) 0.39
| 76.51 (18.01) 0.82
| 77.50 (17.90) 0.74
| 74.73 (20.43) 0.95
| 81.20 (14.20) 0.47
| 71.97 (21.37) 1.15
| 65.99 (23.81) 1.60
| 64.40 (22.08) 1.71
| a > d, e, g, h, i, j, k, f, c***; b > h, f, c**; h > e, g*; h, c > i, j, k***; b > e, g, i, j, k ***; d > e, g**; d > i, j, k***; e, f > j, k***; e > i*; g > j, k***; i > j***; i > k**; c > g* |
Psychosocial Health | 81.87 (14.09) | 77.34 (14.62) 0.32
| 76.18 (14.63) 0.40
| 74.88 (16.10) 0.50
| 73.95 (18.35) 0.56
| 72.10 (14.10) 0.69
| 73.54 (14.80) 0.59
| 67.40 (14.70) 1.03
| 72.10 (16.31) 0.69
| 72.67 (17.07) 0.65
| 68.11 (16.52) 0.98
| a > b, k, e, g, h, i, j, k, f, c***; b, d, e, i, j, c > h***; g > h*; b > j**; b > i, k***; d > k**; c > i*; c > k** |
Emotional Functioning | 79.33 (18.15) | 72.37 (19.57) 0.38
| 73.95 (18.76) 0.30
| 73.78 (20.38) 0.31
| 72.93 (22.58) 0.35
| 68.60 (18.50) 0.59
| 75.16 (18.88) 0.23
| 61.30 (19.50) 0.99
| 72.20 (20.84) 0.39
| 68.32 (22.85) 0.61
| 68.60 (22.93) 0.59
| a > b, k, e, h, i, j, k, f, c***; b, d, e, g, i, j, c > h***; d > j*; c > j** |
Social Functioning | 85.15 (16.76) | 85.63 (16.24) 0.03
| 84.33 (15.77) 0.05
| 78.74 (19.52) 0.38
| 78.94 (19.79) 0.37
| 72.60 (18.20) 0.75
| 78.46 (17.79) 0.40
| 73.00 (20.40) 0.72
| 75.54 (21.09) 0.57
| 80.10 (19.10) 0.30
| 70.52 (19.26) 0.87
| a > d, e, h, i, j, k, f***; a > g*; b, j, c > h***; d > h**; e > h*; b > d, i, k***; b > e, j**; b > g*; d > k**; e, j > k***; j > i**; e > k*; c > d**; c > e*; c > i, k, f***; b > f***; j > f* |
School Functioning | 81.12 (16.45) | 74.20 (18.08) 0.42
| 70.29 (18.56) 0.66
| 72.09 (19.01) 0.55
| 70.00 (21.44) 0.68
| 75.00 (14.50) 0.37
| 66.93 (19.15) 0.86
| 67.90 (16.70) 0.80
| 68.30 (19.53) 0.78
| 69.86 (19.97) 0.68
| 65.61 (22.18) 0.94
| a > b, d, e, g, h, i, j, k, c***; b > h***; b > g, j, k**; b > i***; f > k* |
Healthya
| Card.b
| Diab.c
| Obesityd
| GIe
| ESRDf
| Asthmag
| Rheum.h
| Canceri
| Psych.j
| CPk
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scale | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Mean (SD) ES
| Differences |
Proxy-Report
| (n = 9430) | (n = 344) | (n = 307) | (n = 63) | (n = 286) | (n = 95) | (n = 157) | (n = 357) | (n = 561) | (n = 307) | (n = 224) | |
Total Score | 82.70 (15.40) | 79.44 (16.50) 0.21
| 76.62 (14.08) 0.39
| 75.00 (14.50) 0.50
| 72.74 (14.75) 0.65
| 69.62 (18.10) 0.82
| 68.79 (15.94) 0.90
| 68.73 (19.32) 0.91
| 68.47 (19.22) 0.92
| 66.90 (14.00) 1.03
| 51.28 (18.00) 2.04
| a > c, g, f, j, i, h, k, d, e***; a > b**; c, b, e > j***; c > g, i, h, k***; c > f**; b > g, f, i, h, k***; g, f, j, i, h, d, e > k***; b > e***; e > h*; d > j** |
Physical Health | 84.48 (19.51) | 83.11 (18.73) 0.07
| 82.02 (17.20) 0.13
| 76.30 (17.60) 0.42
| 76.00 (16.96) 0.43
| 71.21 (24.24) 0.68
| 72.68 (18.39) 0.60
| 64.05 (25.01) 1.05
| 67.55 (25.07) 0.87
| 80.00 (17.70) 0.23
| 43.19 (27.59) 2.12
| a > j, d**; a > g, f, i, h, k, e***; j > g, f**; j, e > i, h, k***; b, c > g, f, i, h, k***; g > h, k***; f > h*; f, i, h > k***; c > e*; b > e***; d > h, k***; d > i* |
Psychosocial Health | 81.65 (15.22) | 77.36 (17.27) 0.28
| 73.67 (15.34) 0.52
| 73.90 (15.30) 0.51
| 71.00 (15.58) 0.70
| 68.85 (17.62) 0.84
| 66.83 (16.68) 0.97
| 71.27 (18.49) 0.68
| 69.12 (18.41) 0.82
| 59.90 (15.30) 1.43
| 55.91 (16.98) 1.69
| a > b, c, g, f, j, i, h, k, e***; a > d**; b, c, g, f, i, h > j***; c > i**; c > g, k***; b > g, f, i, h, k***; g, f, i, h > k***; e > j, k***; b > e***; d > j, k*** |
Emotional Functioning | 81.31 (16.50) | 74.69 (20.45) 0.40
| 69.16 (18.54) 0.74
| 72.60 (17.80) 0.53
| 65.19 (19.28) 0.98
| 68.74 (19.69) 0.76
| 64.81 (20.21) 1.00
| 66.52 (22.27) 0.90
| 67.57 (20.70) 0.83
| 54.40 (18.70) 1.63
| 62.73 (19.55) 1.13
| a > b, c, g, f, j, i, h, k, d, e***; b, c, g, f, i, h, k, d, e > j***; b > c**; c > k**; b > g***; b > i, h, k***; i > k*; b > e***; d > k** |
Social Functioning | 83.70 (19.43) | 82.52 (20.11) 0.06
| 81.08 (19.33) 0.13
| 73.50 (17.30) 0.52
| 80.30 (18.08) 0.17
| 73.47 (21.00) 0.53
| 73.41 (18.66) 0.53
| 76.47 (20.56) 0.37
| 72.80 (22.29) 0.56
| 63.30 (22.90) 1.05
| 52.09 (21.97) 1.63
| a > g, f, j, i, h, k, d***; b, c, g, f, i, h > j***; c > i, k***; c > g**; c > f*; b > g, i, k***; b > f, h**; g, f, i, h, d > k***; j > k***; e > j, i, k***; e > g*; d > j**; b > d** |
School Functioning | 78.83 (19.59) | 73.09 (20.35) 0.29
| 70.62 (19.37) 0.42
| 76.60 (17.00) 0.11 | 67.44 (20.06) 0.58
| 63.18 (21.39) 0.80
| 62.36 (20.61) 0.84
| 70.61 (22.43) 0.42
| 66.16 (23.33) 0.65
| 62.40 (18.20) 0.84
| 51.98 (21.41) 1.37
| a > b, c, g, f, j, i, h, k, e***; b, c, h > j***; b, c, g, f, j, i, h, d, e > k***; c > g**; c > f*; b > g, i***; b > f**; h > g***; h > f, i*; b, d > e*; d > g, j***; d > f** |
Physical health
Psychosocial health
Emotional functioning
Social functioning
School Functioning
Comparison of disease categories within disease clusters and disease severity within disease categories
Pediatric asthma
Total Score | Physical Health | Psychosocial Health | Emotional Functioning | Social Functioning | School Functioning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Asthma
| |||||||
Mild Intermittenta
| 75 | 81.25 (12.68) | 85.80 (16.81) | 78.99 (14.58) | 75.08 (19.24) | 83.44 (21.60) | 79.67 (20.15) |
Mild Persistentb
| 28 | 73.71 (12.51) | 77.95 (16.40) | 71.61 (14.64) | 70.09 (17.04) | 78.12 (19.20) | 67.26 (22.90) |
Moderate to Severe Persistent c
| 23 | 59.64 (21.56) | 59.57 (23.50) | 59.76 (23.09) | 49.18 (27.59) | 70.65 (27.28) | 61.93 (32.74) |
Differences | a > c***; b > c** | a > c***; b > c** | a > c***; b > c* | a > c***; b > c** | a > c* | a > b*; a > c** | |
Cancer
| |||||||
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemiaa
| 109 | 73.25 (16.78) | 74.16 (20.59) | 72.86 (17.12) | 72.57 (22.98) | 76.90 (20.11) | 68.67 (19.88) |
Brain Tumor b
| 194 | 71.04 (16.05) | 71.29 (21.05) | 71.02 (16.50) | 72.32 (20.17) | 73.00 (22.57) | 67.84 (19.67) |
Newly Diagnosed On-Treatment¤
| 105 | 68.92 (15.97) | 65.54 (23.14) | 71.04 (15.17) | 68.81 (21.24) | 77.19 (18.29) | 66.22 (19.60) |
Long-Term Survivor Off-Treatment > 12 months§
| 72 | 77.50 (15.30) | 79.95 (18.78) | 76.30 (16.04) | 77.57 (20.31) | 79.36 (19.77) | 71.11 (18.11) |
Differences | § > ¤*** | § > ¤*** | § > ¤* | § > ¤** | _____ | _____ | |
Cardiac
| |||||||
Disease Severity Group 1 a
| 52 | 82.67 (13.98) | 87.97 (13.46) | 79.82 (16.28) | 76.15 (21.95) | 83.46 (19.24) | 79.31 (16.28) |
Disease Severity Group 2 b
| 92 | 76.30 (13.89) | 81.45 (15.30) | 73.56 (14.73) | 72.09 (17.40) | 77.80 (18.22) | 70.82 (19.45) |
Disease Severity Group 3 c
| 63 | 76.36 (15.48) | 80.82 (15.66) | 73.92 (18.21) | 72.46 (20.79) | 77.92 (21.80) | 71.43 (21.30) |
Disease Severity Group 4 d
| 78 | 75.81 (13.93) | 78.42 (17.69) | 74.41 (15.01) | 74.68 (21.02) | 77.66 (19.03) | 70.96 (18.15) |
Differences | a > d* | a > d** | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | |
Cerebral Palsy
| |||||||
Hemiplegiaa
| 30 | 73.14 (12.81) | 75.41 (16.97) | 71.78 (13.83) | 72.80 (23.43) | 73.00 (17.40) | 70.56 (17.02) |
Diplegiab
| 29 | 68.71 (16.55) | 63.95 (19.66) | 71.17 (17.12) | 72.50 (20.75) | 73.10 (20.76) | 67.93 (24.04) |
Paraplegiac
| 11 | 53.86 (12.21) | 45.70 (16.55) | 58.20 (14.42) | 57.73 (16.64) | 60.00 (17.89) | 57.27 (21.84) |
Differences | a > c**; b > c* | a > b*; a > c***;b > c* | a > c* | _____ | _____ | _____ | |
Diabetes
| |||||||
Type 1 a
| 209 | 81.64 (12.44) | 86.66 (13.21) | 78.90 (14.09) | 73.99 (19.49) | 86.42 (15.81) | 76.59 (16.68) |
Type 2 b
| 88 | 77.46 (13.68) | 84.36 (13.62) | 73.75 (15.52) | 68.69 (19.54) | 83.47 (17.29) | 68.97 (20.23) |
Differences | a > b* | _____ | a > b** | a > b* | _____ | a > b** | |
End Stage Renal Disease
| |||||||
Transplanta
| 39 | 78.94 (14.24) | 80.76 (20.53) | 77.86 (13.46) | 79.04 (18.70) | 82.31 (17.54) | 72.31 (16.13) |
Peritoneal Dialysisb
| 15 | 70.70 (16.53) | 72.89 (15.33) | 69.69 (18.66) | 68.75 (22.74) | 73.50 (24.38) | 66.25 (18.28) |
Hemodialysisc
| 31 | 69.30 (14.29) | 68.04 (20.74) | 69.95 (13.29) | 73.39 (16.45) | 76.01 (13.46) | 60.48 (21.46) |
Differences | a > c* | a > c* | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | |
Gastrointestinal Conditions
| |||||||
Irritable Bowel Syndromea
| 119 | 77.90 (12.64) | 80.49 (13.23) | 76.50 (13.81) | 74.93 (17.43) | 84.09 (15.43) | 70.59 (18.70) |
Functional Abdominal Painb
| 81 | 79.98 (10.62) | 82.83 (11.29) | 78.46 (12.10) | 75.49 (17.06) | 86.17 (13.28) | 73.70 (15.96) |
Organic Disordersc
| 80 | 75.41 (16.01) | 79.21 (16.70) | 73.39 (17.60) | 70.94 (21.93) | 82.81 (18.40) | 66.39 (20.23) |
Differences | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | b > c* | |
Obesity
| |||||||
Severely Obesea
| 106 | 67.00 (16.30) | 71.00 (18.80) | 64.90 (17.70) | 63.20 (20.10) | 67.50 (25.00) | 64.10 (20.40) |
Obeseb
| 63 | 74.00 (14.20) | 77.50 (17.90) | 72.10 (14.10) | 68.60 (18.50) | 72.60 (18.20) | 75.00 (14.50) |
Overweightc
| 294 | 79.30 (12.80) | 83.50 (13.00) | 77.00 (14.00) | 72.60 (17.70) | 80.20 (16.60) | 78.30 (15.50) |
Differences | b > a**; c > a***; c > b** | c > b**; c > a***; b > a* | b > a**; c > a***; c > b* | c > a*** | c > a***; c > b** | c > a***; b > a** | |
Psychiatric Disorders
| |||||||
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disordersa
| 107 | 72.40 (12.20) | 84.30 (13.20) | 66.00 (14.70) | 61.30 (19.50) | 70.30 (21.40) | 66.40 (16.20) |
Anxiety Disordersb
| 57 | 71.30 (12.20) | 78.60 (15.60) | 67.40 (13.60) | 59.00 (17.70) | 74.40 (19.50) | 68.90 (13.90) |
Mood Disorders c
| 29 | 69.70 (13.10) | 80.00 (13.30) | 64.20 (15.00) | 55.50 (21.70) | 74.40 (22.00) | 63.90 (16.40) |
Pervasive Developmental Disorders d
| 28 | 69.60 (14.00) | 78.50 (14.30) | 64.80 (16.60) | 63.80 (17.40) | 63.10 (23.00) | 67.60 (20.50) |
Differences | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | |
Rheumatology
| |||||||
Systemic Lupus Erythematosusa
| 29 | 76.95 (14.97) | 76.13 (19.81) | 77.46 (15.69) | 70.65 (23.70) | 89.44 (14.29) | 73.52 (16.63) |
Spondyloarthritisb
| 39 | 74.92 (18.41) | 69.24 (25.10) | 77.99 (17.07) | 77.27 (22.24) | 84.87 (19.54) | 72.18 (20.96) |
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritisc
| 100 | 73.73 (16.47) | 70.88 (21.52) | 75.18 (16.65) | 73.13 (20.87) | 78.64 (19.61) | 74.27 (19.07) |
Fibromyalgiad
| 57 | 55.86 (15.16) | 45.40 (19.86) | 61.44 (16.25) | 53.77 (22.41) | 74.47 (18.21) | 55.74 (20.46) |
Differences | a, b, c > d*** | a, b, c > d*** | a, b, c > d*** | b, c > d***; a > d* | a > d** | c > d***; a, b > d** |
Total Score | Physical Health | Psychosocial Health | Emotional Functioning | Social Functioning | School Functioning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Asthma
| |||||||
Mild Intermittenta
| 206 | 86.90 (13.23) | 88.80 (14.37) | 85.86 (15.63) | 85.60 (17.84) | 88.43 (17.26) | 83.02 (20.97) |
Mild Persistentb
| 68 | 76.77 (16.23) | 76.15 (21.40) | 77.11 (16.74) | 74.54 (20.58) | 82.23 (18.71) | 75.00 (22.76) |
Moderate to Severe Persistent c
| 63 | 69.88 (16.82) | 64.76 (21.93) | 72.65 (18.10) | 69.84 (22.30) | 76.85 (24.80) | 71.39 (23.34) |
Differences | a > b, c***; b > c* | a > b, c***; b > c** | a > b, c*** | a > b, c*** | a > c*** | a > b*; a > c** | |
Cancer
| |||||||
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemiaa
| 170 | 71.29 (18.11) | 71.20 (22.54) | 71.35 (17.90) | 67.57 (19.97) | 77.00 (20.40) | 68.03 (22.51) |
Brain Tumor b
| 249 | 66.21 (19.22) | 65.17 (25.24) | 67.01 (18.89) | 67.34 (21.11) | 68.43 (23.92) | 65.12 (23.53) |
Newly Diagnosed On-Treatment¤
| 180 | 66.95 (19.85) | 65.00 (26.26) | 68.19 (18.25) | 63.26 (20.70) | 75.58 (20.08) | 63.61 (24.03) |
Long-Term Survivor Off-Treatment > 12 months§
| 94 | 73.64 (18.72) | 74.80 (24.08) | 72.95 (18.07) | 72.93 (19.94) | 76.28 (21.71) | 68.87 (23.08) |
Differences | a > b**;§ > ¤** | a > b*; § > ¤** | a > b*; § > ¤* | § > ¤*** | a > b*** | _____ | |
Cardiac
| |||||||
Disease Severity Group 1 a
| 82 | 88.06 (12.04) | 93.03 (10.39) | 84.98 (14.63) | 81.05 (19.23) | 91.38 (14.19) | 80.86 (17.88) |
Disease Severity Group 2 b
| 143 | 80.50 (15.13) | 84.32 (18.39) | 78.28 (15.58) | 75.78 (20.12) | 84.55 (18.73) | 72.68 (19.54) |
Disease Severity Group 3 c
| 93 | 78.62 (16.21) | 81.86 (18.63) | 76.92 (17.57) | 74.50 (20.97) | 81.66 (20.40) | 72.46 (20.36) |
Disease Severity Group 4 d
| 108 | 73.42 (18.11) | 75.37 (21.35) | 72.41 (18.49) | 70.10 (21.29) | 76.17 (22.09) | 68.68 (23.22) |
Differences | a > b**; a > c, d***; b > d** | b > d**; a > b**; a > c, d*** | a > b*; a > c**; a > d***; b > d* | a > d** | a > c**; b > d**; a > d*** | a > b*; a > d** | |
Cerebral Palsy
| |||||||
Hemiplegiaa
| 49 | 57.67 (20.00) | 55.72 (25.78) | 58.94 (19.45) | 62.19 (21.71) | 55.92 (24.02) | 57.26 (22.56) |
Diplegiab
| 67 | 54.03 (15.87) | 47.02 (22.15) | 58.01 (15.97) | 63.31 (19.32) | 53.88 (20.29) | 56.39 (20.40) |
Paraplegiac
| 73 | 44.78 (15.30) | 31.88 (27.19) | 52.00 (14.80) | 61.31 (17.61) | 48.29 (20.62) | 45.24 (19.65) |
Differences | a > c***; b > c** | a > c***; b > c** | _____ | _____ | _____ | a, b > c** | |
Diabetes
| |||||||
Type 1 a
| 226 | 77.31 (14.12) | 82.38 (17.82) | 74.53 (15.17) | 69.11 (18.64) | 82.33 (18.78) | 71.87 (19.11) |
Type 2 b
| 78 | 74.71 (14.01) | 81.06 (15.64) | 71.28 (15.77) | 69.47 (18.26) | 77.21 (20.70) | 67.42 (20.14) |
Differences | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | a > b* | _____ | |
End Stage Renal Disease
| |||||||
Transplanta
| 45 | 75.57 (17.75) | 78.38 (24.65) | 74.14 (17.50) | 75.67 (18.36) | 78.56 (22.20) | 66.06 (18.53) |
Peritoneal Dialysisb
| 19 | 68.07 (15.02) | 68.40 (20.01) | 67.97 (14.79) | 62.11 (17.90) | 73.42 (17.95) | 69.30 (16.21) |
Hemodialysisc
| 31 | 61.94 (17.70) | 62.52 (23.45) | 61.69 (17.23) | 62.74 (19.79) | 66.13 (19.27) | 56.21 (25.62) |
Differences | a > c** | a > c* | a > c** | a > b, c* | a > c* | _____ | |
Gastrointestinal Conditions
| |||||||
Irritable Bowel Syndromea
| 122 | 74.82 (14.27) | 78.68 (15.83) | 72.72 (15.30) | 66.19 (19.61) | 82.54 (17.34) | 69.35 (20.48) |
Functional Abdominal Painb
| 82 | 73.65 (12.23) | 77.70 (15.41) | 71.49 (12.87) | 65.49 (16.59) | 79.94 (15.20) | 68.93 (17.99) |
Organic Disordersc
| 82 | 68.75 (16.97) | 70.31 (18.82) | 67.95 (18.03) | 63.41 (21.30) | 77.33 (21.29) | 63.13 (20.96) |
Differences | a > c* | a > c* | _____ | _____ | _____ | _____ | |
Obesity
| |||||||
Severely Obesea
| 105 | 63.30 (19.20) | 63.60 (24.00) | 63.10 (18.60) | 60.90 (21.70) | 67.20 (26.10) | 61.40 (21.50) |
Obeseb
| 63 | 75.00 (14.50) | 76.30 (17.60) | 73.90 (15.30) | 72.60 (17.80) | 73.50 (17.30) | 76.60 (17.00) |
Overweightc
| 294 | 80.00 (13.60) | 82.60 (17.20) | 76.10 (14.40) | 74.90 (15.80) | 82.30 (16.10) | 78.40 (17.10) |
Differences | b, c > a***; c > b** | c > b**; c > a***; b > a** | b, c > a*** | c > a***; b > a** | c > a***; c > b** | b, c > a*** | |
Psychiatric Disorders
| |||||||
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disordersa
| 107 | 65.80 (13.50) | 80.30 (16.20) | 58.00 (15.40) | 54.90 (18.70) | 59.10 (22.50) | 59.80 (17.80) |
Anxiety Disordersb
| 57 | 66.00 (14.20) | 80.30 (17.60) | 58.20 (15.10) | 46.80 (16.70) | 66.30 (25.70) | 62.00 (17.80) |
Mood Disorders c
| 29 | 65.70 (11.70) | 79.20 (17.80) | 58.60 (12.30) | 49.10 (16.90) | 66.20 (18.40) | 60.60 (16.70) |
Pervasive Developmental Disorders d
| 28 | 61.50 (13.10) | 76.30 (22.00) | 53.70 (12.40) | 53.70 (14.00) | 47.20 (20.20) | 61.40 (15.80) |
Differences | _____ | _____ | _____ | a > b** | _____ | _____ | |
Rheumatology
| |||||||
Systemic Lupus Erythematosusa
| 18 | 75.25 (17.69) | 70.16 (25.35) | 78.00 (15.67) | 72.50 (21.71) | 83.61 (16.79) | 78.53 (17.30) |
Spondyloarthritisb
| 33 | 73.63 (18.20) | 70.08 (27.65) | 75.49 (15.31) | 75.00 (17.94) | 81.09 (19.17) | 70.61 (18.91) |
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritisc
| 124 | 73.48 (18.95) | 70.07 (24.07) | 75.36 (18.13) | 74.58 (19.89) | 76.73 (20.89) | 74.66 (22.50) |
Fibromyalgiad
| 57 | 52.07 (15.17) | 43.37 (19.01) | 56.70 (16.41) | 48.95 (19.47) | 67.02 (19.70) | 53.77 (20.55) |
Differences | a, b, c > d*** | a, b, c > d*** | a, b, c > d*** | a, b, c > d*** | a, b, c > d* | a, b > d**; c > d*** |