Background
Methods
The questionnaire and scoring
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Number (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Age groups (year)
| ||
18-24 | 832 (22.6) | |
25-34 | 369 (10.0) | |
35-44 | 654 (17.7) | |
45-54 | 912 (24.7) | |
55-64 | 786 (21.4) | |
≥ 65 | 132 (3.6) | |
Mean (SD) | 35.6 (14.7) | |
Gender
| ||
Male | 1887(51.0) | |
Female | 1798(49.0) | |
Marital status
| ||
Single | 1039(28.2) | |
Married | 2011(54.5) | |
Widowed/divorced | 635(17.3) | |
Educational status
| ||
Primary | 895 (24.3) | |
Secondary | 1882 (51.1) | |
Higher | 908 (24.6) | |
Employment status
| ||
Employed | 1622 (44.0) | |
Housewife | 888 (24.1) | |
Student | 796 (21.6) | |
Unemployed | 182 (5.0) | |
Retired | 197 (5.3) |
SF-12v2 item (scale) | Mean row scores (SD) | 95% CI | Response frequencies (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
| |||
Limitations in moderate physical activities (PF) | 2.33 (0.76) | 2.31-2.36 | 18.2 | 30.4 | 51.3 | - | - |
Limitations in climbing several flights of stairs (PF) | 2.18 (0.80) | 2.15-2.20 | 24.9 | 32.6 | 42.4 | - | - |
Accomplished less due to physical health (RP) | 3.41 (1.29) | 3.37-3.45 | 8.4 | 19.0 | 23.6 | 21.3 | 27.7 |
Limited in kind of work or activities due to physical health (RP) | 3.55 (1.26) | 3.51-3.59 | 6.8 | 15.5 | 25.2 | 21.1 | 31.4 |
Pain interference with work inside or outside home (BP)** | 2.53 (1.15) | 2.49-2.56 | 23.1 | 27.5 | 26.9 | 18.5 | 4.0 |
Health rating in general (GH)** | 3.34 (1.01) | 3.31-3.38 | 6.2 | 10.8 | 36.7 | 35.4 | 11.0 |
Interference of physical health or emotional problems with social activities (SF) | 3.50 (1.19) | 3.46-3.54 | 5.8 | 15.6 | 27.5 | 25.0 | 26.1 |
Accomplished less due to emotional problems (RE) | 3.53 (1.26) | 3.49-3.57 | 6.8 | 16.8 | 23.2 | 23.2 | 30.0 |
Not careful in work or activities due to emotional problems (RE) | 3.62 (1.19) | 3.58-3.65 | 5.0 | 14.5 | 24.9 | 25.2 | 30.4 |
Having a lot of energy (VT)** | 2.86 (1.19) | 2.83-2.90 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 27.9 | 22.7 | 9.4 |
Feel calm and peaceful (MH)** | 2.49 (1.21) | 2.45-2.53 | 24.3 | 31.5 | 22.9 | 13.6 | 7.7 |
Feel downhearted and blue (MH) | 3.48 (1.27) | 3.44-3.52 | 8.5 | 16.0 | 21.5 | 27.1 | 26.9 |
Summary components
|
PCS
|
MCS
| |||||
Mean (SD)*** | 42.3 (11.4) | 44.6 (11.9) | |||||
95% CI | 41.9-42.6 | 44.2-45.0 | |||||
Cronbach's α | 0.87 | 0.82 | |||||
Skewness | -0.40 | -0.35 | |||||
Minimum (% floor) | 4.70 (0.0) | 5.88 (0.0) | |||||
Maximum (%ceiling) | 73.6 (0.0) | 77.1 (0.0) |
Physical component summary | Mental component summary | |
---|---|---|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
| |
Age groups
| ||
18-24 (n = 832) | 48.0 (6.7) | 47.7 (13.5) |
25-34 (n = 369) | 47.5 (8.6) | 46.1 (11.5) |
35-44 (n = 654) | 45.0 (9.4) | 45.4 (12.0) |
45-54 (n = 912) | 45.0 (10.1) | 44.1 (12.2) |
55-64 (n = 786) | 42.3 (11.6) | 44.0 (12.0) |
≥ 65 (n = 132) | 35.5 (12.0) | 43.4 (11.4) |
P value**
| < 0.001 | 0.03 |
Gender
| ||
Male (n = 1887) | 45.0 (10.0) | 46.0 (11.7) |
Female (n = 1798) | 39.4 (12.0) | 43.2 (12.0) |
P value*
| < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Educational status
| ||
Primary (n = 895) | 38.7 (12.0) | 43.6 (11.6) |
Secondary (n = 1882) | 44.3 (10.1) | 44.7 (12.2) |
Higher (n = 908) | 46.5 (10.2) | 46.7 (11.5) |
P value**
| < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Chronic disease
| ||
No (n = 3259) | 43.4 (10.8) | 45.9 (11.1) |
Yes (n = 416) | 33.4 (11.8) | 34.3 (12.4) |
P value*
| < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Chronic disease (older age groups only, n = 918)
| ||
No (n = 770) | 37.0 (11.8) | 45.5 (10.7) |
Yes (148) | 28.7 (10.0) | 38.2 (12.5) |
P value*
| < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
PF | RP | BP | GH | SF | RE | VT | MH | PCS | MCS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PF | ||||||||||
PF1 |
0.93
| 0.59 | 0.53 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.26 |
0.80
| 0.13 |
PF2 |
0.94
| 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.29 |
0.81
| 0.16 |
RP | ||||||||||
RP1 | 0.57 |
0.94
| 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 0.38 | 0.31 |
0.69
| 0.33 |
RP2 | 0.62 |
0.94
| 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.33 |
0.74
| 0.32 |
BP | ||||||||||
BP1 | 0.57 | 0.60 |
1.00
| 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.42 |
0.75
| 0.36 |
GH | ||||||||||
GH1 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.55 |
0.98
| 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.44 |
0.66
| 0.40 |
SF | ||||||||||
SF1 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.41 |
1.00
| 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.39 |
0.63
|
RE | ||||||||||
RE1 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.45 |
0.94
| 0.34 | 0.50 | 0.28. |
0.71
|
RE2 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.46 |
0.94
| 0.35 | 0.49 | 0.27 |
0.71
|
VT | ||||||||||
VT1 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
1.00
| 0.49 | 0.43 |
0.58
|
MH | ||||||||||
MH1 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.51 |
0.83
| 0.16 |
0.71
|
MH2 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.33 |
0.85
| 0.11 |
0.74
|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | |
---|---|---|
Physical functioning (PF)
| ||
Limitations in moderate physical activities (PF1) |
0.84
| 0.31 |
Limitations in climbing several flights of stairs (PF2) |
0.85
| 0.34 |
Role physical (RP)
| ||
Accomplished less due to physical health (RP1) |
0.79
| 0.51 |
Limited in kind of work or activities due to physical health (RP2) |
0. 83
| 0.50 |
Bodily pain (BP)
| ||
Pain interference with work inside or outside home (BP)** |
0.75
| 0.56 |
General health (GH)
| ||
Health rating in general (GH1) |
0.65
| 0.55 |
Social functioning (SF)
| ||
Interference of physical health or emotional problems with social activities (SF1) | 0.27 |
0.65
|
Role emotional (RE)
| ||
Accomplished less due to emotional problems (RE) | 0.49 |
0.78
|
Not careful in work or activities due to emotional problems (RE) | 0.48 |
0.78
|
Vitality (VT)
| ||
Having a lot of energy (VT1) | 0.50 |
0.61
|
Mental health (MH)
| ||
Feel calm and peaceful (MH1) | 0.29 |
0.71
|
Feel downhearted and blue (MH2) | 0.27 |
0.74
|
Eigenvalues
|
5.80
|
1.37
|
Variance explained (%)
|
48.4
|
11.5
|