The Global Ministerial Forum on Research for Health in Bamako in 2008, in line with the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for Action [
9], recognized the need for increased coordination in the field of research for health and the important role of research funding institutions therein [
10]. It called on funders of research and innovation "to better align, coordinate, and harmonize the global health research architecture and its governance". There are several collaborative groups of funders of research for health that appear to be well situated to achieve this. One such group is the Heads of International Research Organizations (HIROs). HIROs was established more than ten years ago and brings together government and philanthropic funding institutions for biomedical research, including major funders such as the US National Institutes of Health and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [
1]. The enormous collective influence of these organizations is apparent, but is also demonstrated by the impact external donors have been shown to have on WHO's budget allocations [
11] and by research showing that a small group of eleven organizations (many of which are a part of HIROs) currently provide 75% of global funding for neglected disease research and development [
5,
12]. Besides HIROs, there are other groups where funders of research for health collaborate. Especially the 'Enhancing Support for Strengthening the Effectiveness of National Capacity Efforts' initiative (ESSENCE) - a collaborative framework between funding agencies to scale up research capacity and increase the effectiveness of research for health in Africa - has recently made some encouraging first steps in aligning donor funding towards national priorities for health research [
13]. Other examples are the Product Development Partnership (PDP) Funders group (formerly known as the PDP Donor Coordination Group), whose purpose is to facilitate donors in supporting and monitoring the performance of PDPs [
14]; the International Forum of Research Donors (IFORD), which brings together funders of research related to international development [
15]; and the International Health Partnership+ (IHP+), which aims to improve the impact of health aid in general [
16].
In discussing the need for increased coordination among funders of research for health, it is important to consider what exactly needs to be coordinated. Recent positive developments among funders include the identification of common approaches to monitoring and evaluation and sharing research data [
17,
18]. However, funders have been found to fall short of agreeing on a harmonized agenda for research funding [
19]. This finding is worrying; in order to maximize the impact of research investments on health and health equity it is of fundamental importance that funders agree on common health research priorities, both in countries and on the global level, and act on those priorities in a coordinated manner [
20‐
23].
Since HIROs brings together the heads of major funders of biomedical research, it appears to be particularly well suited to give rise to the major changes in health research governance that are called for by the Bamako call to action. Unfortunately, HIROs has made little information available on its goals or on how it aims to achieve increased harmonization, alignment and coordination. An internet search reveals only websites noting that a meeting has taken place, and a search on PubMed for
"Heads of International Research Organisations" OR "Heads of International Research Organizations" OR "Heads of International biomedical Research Organisations" OR "Heads of International biomedical Research Organizations" OR HIRO[Title/Abstract] OR HIROs[Title/Abstract] returns no relevant results. HIROs is not the only group where funders collaborate that is sparing with information. Recently, IHP+ was criticized for its lack of transparency [
24]. Individual funders have also been criticized for not being transparent enough in their operations [
25].