Background
Methods
Study area
Data collection and analysis
Results
Summary of FGDs
Perceived illnesses and patterns of resort
Demographic characteristics N (%) | No Action taken | Went to healers | Used home made remedy | Went to health institutions | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Female | 39(11.9) | 13(4.0) | 4(1.2) | 272(82.9) | 328(57.5) |
Male | 16(6.6) | 7(2.9) | 2(0.8) | 217(89.7) | 242(42.5) |
Age | |||||
≤ 5 | 11(5.9) | 5(2.7) | 0(0.0) | 169(91.4) | 185(32.5) |
5–15 | 21(12.4) | 3(1.8) | 1(0.6) | 144(85.2) | 169(29.7) |
15–65 | 22(10.8) | 9(4.4) | 5(2.5) | 167(82.3) | 203(35.6) |
>65 | 1(7.7) | 3(23.1) | 0(0.0) | 9(69.2) | 13(0.2) |
Total | 55(9.6) | 20(3.5) | 6(1.1) | 489(85.8) | 570(100.0) |
Factors associated with patterns of actions taken
Economic status | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Action taken N (%) | Low | Middle | High | Total |
No action taken | 32 (58.2) | 17 (30.9) | 6 (10.9) | 55 (100.0) |
Went to healers | 17 (85.0) | 2 (10.0) | 1 (5.0) | 20 (100.0) |
Used home made remedies | 3 (50.0) | 1 (16.7) | 2 (33.3) | 6 (100.0) |
Went to health institutions | 239 (48.9) | 188 (38.4) | 62 (12.7) | 489 (100.0) |
Total | 291 (51.1) | 208 (36.5) | 71 (12.5) | 570 (100.0) |
Associated Factor | Chi-Square | Yates corrected | Degree of freedom | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic Status | 9.9795 | 2 | <0.0408 | |
Educational status (non-stratified) | 2.0019 | 1 | <0.1571 | |
Educational status (low income stratum) | 0.3952 | 1 | <0.5296 | |
Educational status (middle and high income stratum) | 1.2496 | 1 | <0.2636 | |
Age of the ill (non-stratified) | 9.4660 | 2 | <0.0088 | |
Age of the ill (low income stratum) | 0.5248 | 1 | <0.4688 | |
Age of the ill (middle and high income) | 0.0584 | 1 | <0.8090 | |
Sex (non-stratified) | 5.1409 | 2 | <0.0765 | |
Sex (low income stratum) | 4.0720 | 1 | <0.0436 | |
Sex (middle and high income stratum) | 0.7509 | 1 | <0.3862 |
Preference | |||
---|---|---|---|
Literacy | Traditional practitioners | Modern health institutions | Total |
Respondents without formal education | 51 | 663 | 714 |
Respondents with formal education | 23 | 444 | 467 |
Total | 74 | 1107 | 1181 |
Variables | No Action | Used traditional medicine | Went to health institutions | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
F | 39 | 17 | 272 | 328 |
M | 16 | 9 | 217 | 242 |
Age | ||||
≤ 15 | 32 | 9 | 313 | 354 |
> 15 | 23 | 17 | 176 | 216 |
Total | 55 | 26 | 489 | 570 |
Use of medicinal plants
Scientific name | Family | Vernacular name | Collection No. | Indication(Citation) | Part used | Preparation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia sp. | Fabaceae | Mezel | TF-145 | * Gunfan (4), Headache | Fruit | Ground, boiled with water and drunk |
Achyranthus aspera L. | Amaranthaceae | Dumugelo | TF-031 | Fever | Leaf | Boiled with water and drunk |
Acmella caulirhiza Del. | Asteraceae | Etsegne andewu | TF-171 | * Tirse Himem (4) | Root | Ground and put in-between teeth |
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. | Aristolochiaceae | Abujenajil | TF-186 | Diarrhoea (2), * Lib Himem (3) | Seed | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk; also applied on the body |
Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & Wood | Rubiaceae | Digel | TF-203 | * Yehitsan beshita | Stem | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
* Kurtemat | Seed | Put into fire and exposed to its smoke | ||||
Tigl | *Setan (2) | Stem Root | Dried stem and root are put in fire and patient is exposed to the smoke | |||
Bridelia sp. | Euphorbiaceae | Sheketful | TF-200 | Headache (4), * Gunfan | Root | Ground and applied on the head and drunk with water for Gunfan |
Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.f. | Asclepiadaceae | Aberdade | TF-188 | Antidot for scorpion bite (2) | Latex | Fresh leaves are cut and the exuding latex applied to affected area |
Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. | Fabaceae | Etsegne eru | TF-194 | * Yehitsan beshita (9) | Root | Ground and drunk with water |
Carrisa spinarum L. | Apocynaceae | Etsegne gundew | TF-042 | *Yewegeb medhanit | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Cissampelos pareira L. | Menispermaceae | Abujelajil | TF-190 | Diarrhoea (6), Abdominal cramp (1), * Lib Himem (3) | Root | Ground and drunk with water |
Etseyanefasu/di | * Lib Himem | Leaf | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk | |||
Clematis sp. | Ranunculaceae | Etsegn egne | TF-202 | Headache | Root | Ground and drunk with water |
(Etseye Egne) | * Yetut medhanit | Seed | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk; also applied on the affected area | |||
Shekedful | Snake repellant (2), * Gunfan | Seed | Ground, dispersed in water and sprayed in areas around house; also smoked like cigarette for * Gunfan | |||
Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke | Verbenaceae | Bishchereh | * Cheguara | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk | |
Etsegne shaleha | TF-184 | * Birde(2) | Fruit | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk; also applied on the affected area | ||
Etseya shalew | * Birde (2) | Root | Boiled with water and drunk like soup | |||
Etseye hoho | * Gunfan | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk | |||
Combretum sp. | Combretaceae | Keye | TF-206 | Diarrhoea, * Lib Himem | Bark | Eaten as it is or ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Croton macrostachyus Del. | Euphorbiaceae | Abnga | TF-067 | Anti-dot for snake and corpion venom (3) | Bark | Ground into powder and applied to affected area |
Dovyalis sp. | Flacourtiaceae | Etseya bishu | TF-207 | * Lib Himem (2) | Root | Ground and drunk with water or eaten as it is |
Echinops sp. | Asteraceae | Etsegne setan | TF-185 | * Setan (3) | Root | Dried, put in fire and patient is exposed to the smoke |
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) merr. | Flacourtiaceae | Agnaneshewe | TF-204 | * Cheguara (1), Malaria (1) | Fruit | Eaten as it is |
Grewia mollis Juss | Tiliaceae | Hurinotse | TF-010 | * Dem mefses lemakome (2) | Stem | Cut into pieces and put on the bleeding part together with the leaf |
Grewia trichocarpa Hochst ex A. Rich. | Tiliaceae | Horgnatse | TF-195 | * Dem mefses lemakom | Bark | Tied on the part to cover the cut and stop bleeding |
Indigofera spicata Forssk | Fabaceae | Atahuna | TF-192 | Nausea | Seed | Ground to fine powder and drunk with water |
Etsegne Murkewu | Chronic patient | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk | |||
Etsegne shumegn | * Lib himem (2) | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk | |||
Lennea sp. | Anacardiaceae | Kuwa | TF-080 | Diarrhoea, Bone fracture (2) | Bark | Ground, mixed with hot water and drunk; or tied around broken area for Siberat |
Melia azedarach L. | Meliaceae | Almim | TF-199 | Malaria (8), Headache (3) | Leaf | Leaf boiled with water and drunk |
Ocimum canum Sims. | Lamiaceae | Beshiw | TF-191 | To get dirt out of eyes (3), Tracoma (1) | Seed | Powdered seeds are sprinkled into the eye |
* Lib Himem | Leaf | Ground leaf is drunk with water | ||||
Phyllanthus limmuensis Cufod. | Euphorbiaceae | Aselfudi | TF-196 | * Setan (4), * Wetet Beshita (1) | Root | Ground and drunk with water |
Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh | Fabaceae | Magel Mukul | TF-036 | * Setan | Root | Dried, put in fire and patient is exposed to the smoke |
Plectranthus sp. | Lamiaceae | Etsegne retuba | TF-201 | * Birde | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms | Meliaceae | Aduruba | TF-197 | Diarrhorea | Bark | Eaten as it is |
Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk) Brenan | Fabaceae | Qudu | TF-205 | Diarrhorea (2), * Cheguara | Root | Root (after removing the cover) boiled together with Acacia sp. in water and drunk |
Ricinus communis L. | Euphorbiaceae | Ashenshemuke | TF-045 | *Seberat | Leaf | Immersed in warm water and used to massage the area |
Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. | Polygonaceae | Shekede | TF-187 | Headache (3) | Root | Ground and applied to the head |
Senna sp. | Fabaceae | Etsegne eyu | TF-89 | Diarrhoea (14), Bone fracture (1) | Stem | Ground and drunk with water for diarrhea; powder tied on fractured bone |
Aterha Ayune | Diarrhoea (4) | Root Bark | Root is ground, dispersed in water and drunk; bark is eaten as it is | |||
Etseya shemegna | * Setan (4) | Root | Dried root is put on fire and patient is exposed to the smoke | |||
Etsegne shalew | Bone fracture (2) | Root is ground and drunk with water and also tied around the fractured bone | ||||
Umusihir | Abdominal cramp | Seed | Powdered seed is dispersed in water and drunk | |||
Bark is eaten as it is; powdered root is dispersed in water and drunk | ||||||
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. | Myrtaceae | Abulmitse | TF-008 | * Yehitsan beshita | Stem | Powdered, dispersed in water and drunk; also applied on the body |
Tamarindus indica L. | Fabaceae | Mala | TF-193 | Malaria (10), Diarrhoea, Appetizer (2) | Fruit | Chopped, dispersed in water and the suspension is drunk |
Vernonia sp. | Asteraceae | Etsene ahuha | TF-175 | Diarrhoea | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Heten | Malaria (2) | Leaf | Boiled with water and sugar is added before it is drunk | |||
Vigna sp. | Fabaceae | Etsegne Alhanser | TF-198 | * Kanser (2) | Root | Ground and drunk with water |
Ximnea sp. | Olacaceae | Bibi | TF-207 | * Gunfan (6), * Kufigne (1) | Leaf | Eaten with salt |
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. | Rhamnaceae | Amurusam | TF-189 | Open wound | Leaf | Leaves are ground, dispersed in water and applied on the wound |
Malaria, Diarrhoea | Seed | Seed is ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Scientific name | Family | Vernacular name(s) | Collection no. | Indication/s | Part used | Preparation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achyranthus aspera L. | Amaranthaceae | Dalecha Debes | TF-031 | * Shererit | Leaf | Rubbed between palms and applied to the affected area |
Acmella caulirhiza Del. | Asteraceae | Gutecha | TF-171 | * Shererit | Leaf | Ground, mixed with sesame oil, and also applied to the affected area |
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. | Aristolochiaceae | Abujelalen | TF-186 | * Setan (2) | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk, and applied to body |
Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. | Fabaceae | Estegne eru | TF-194 | * Yehitsan beshita | Root | Ground, dispersed in water then drunk, and also applied on body |
Clematis sp. | Ranunculaceae | Shekedful Shekelful | TF-202 | * Ebdet | Seed | Powdered and put in fire with gum Arabic & patient is exposed to the smoke |
Headache | Root | Ground and applied on the head | ||||
Ocimum urticifolium Roth. | Lamiaceae | Anchebu | TF-101 | * Mich | Leaf | Rubbed between palms and the fluid is applied on the affected area |
Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh | Fabaceae | Mekel | TF-036 | Bloody diarrhoea | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Sterospermum kunthianum Cham. | Bignoniaceae | Estegne eyo | TF-111 | Diarrhoea | Root | Ground, dispersed in water and drunk |
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. | Myrtaceae | Bul-meste | TF-008 | * Hod himem | Seed | Ground and applied on the painful area |
Waltheria indica L. | Sterculiaceae | Albe | TF-121 | * Ebdet | Root | Ground, dispersed in water then drunk, and also applied on the head |