Background
Methods
Study area
District
|
Male
|
Female
|
Total
|
---|---|---|---|
Barkhan | 2 098 | 4 078 | 6 176 |
Killa Saifullah | 6 369 | 4 558 | 10 927 |
Kohlu | 24 796 | 23 647 | 48 443 |
Loralai | 1 396 | 494 | 1 890 |
Musakhel | 6 708 | 13 898 | 20 606 |
Zhob | 2 343 | 844 | 3 187 |
91 229 |
Respondents
Results and Findings
Diseases
Epidemiological aspects
Disease
|
Season
|
Herders verification
|
---|---|---|
Mange | End of autumn | 74% |
Surra | End of monsoon | 61% |
Camel pox | End of spring | 59% |
Orf | End of spring | 52% |
Contagious skin necrosis (CSN) | Any time of the year | 56% |
Treatments
Local name | English name | Description |
---|---|---|
Garam Khurak | Hot food | The herder's indigenous veterinary knowledge is mainly based on the hot and cold philosophy of food. The hot food comprises of soups made of cockerel meat, egg, pulses, cereals and chilies etc. Hot food is a composite of those nutrients which keeps the body active, energetic and enhance the activities inside the body. This soup is used for orf, pox and nodes swelling diseases. |
Supportive therapy (hot food), in which hot food (in most of the cases comprised of soups) is offered orally to keep the animal fit to deal with the disease condition. | ||
Garam chishak | Hot drink | Hot drinks are used for the treatment of pulmonary problems and febrile conditions. |
A composite of the ingredients, which accelerate the biological activities in the animal body and enhance the secretion of the mouth, nose, and inside the body (GIT). Hot drink is considered as expectorant, laxative and diuretic. The solution is prepared by boiling black tea, ginger, and black pepper; sometimes chilies are also mixed. Black tea and spices mixture is also a hot food, which keeps the animal warm. This solution is mainly used in respiratory problems. | ||
Kattan | Mud oil | The raw mud oil is collected from the natural spring in the famous mountain of Chakar Mangi, in Kohlu district. Kattan, which is thick in nature and blackish in color, is usually used by the Marri tribe camel herders for the treatment of mange in camel and goat. |
Shlombey | Whey | A product of yogurt, when fat is removed by shaking and more water is added. The herder usually shakes the yogurt to remove fat and make shlombey in a sack (Gharrak) made of skin (usually from sheep). The solution remained behind is called Shlombey in Pashto. |
Zarna | Wood oil | The Wood oil is extracted from the logs of Pinus Geranandiana tree. While burning the logs the released oil is collected in a pot. |
Kirar | A type of tree | |
Sorr Chishak | Cold drink | Cold drinks for trypanosomosis, food poisoning and poisonous plants treatment i.e. extract of therkha plant (Artemisia maritima),seed of khamazura (Withania coagulans) and sugar/gur juice. |
Botai | Medicinal plants | Plants extract or crushed leaves or twigs, either applied directly on the affected area or administrated orally. |
Dum | Hot branding | Hot iron brand or hot stone is applied either directly on the affected area or on the place considered being affective if branded. This treatment is done in most of the cases where the disease treatment is not easily recognized. This type of treatment is also called cauterization. |
Boijan | Odorant | Odorant/fly repellents and larvicides etc, in which wood oil, used engine oil, kerosene oil, mud oil, smoke dust, ash and sometimes DDT or trichlorofons are used. This practice is mainly done in the treatment of skin ailments and wound management. |
DDT/trich | DDT/trich | Odorant/pesticides and larvicides etc. |
Thorkani | Ceiling smoke dust | Fly repellents and larvicides etc, healing effect |
Thambako | Tobacco powder | Fly repellents and larvicides etc. |
Ghee | Butter | Energetic; softens the area of the skin where ghee is applied |
Gur | Sugar/gur | Energetic; cold effect |
Mange
Botanical name | Local name | Part of plant used | Preparation, dose etc |
---|---|---|---|
Eruca sativa
Mill.
[Brassicaceae]
| Taramira | Oil of the seed | The oil is applied on the affected area |
Daphne gnidium [Thymelaeaceae]
| Loghone | Leaves and twigs | The leaves and twigs are crushed, kept in a bowl over night in open, and pasted on the affected area |
Capparis aphylla Hayne ex Roth. [Capparaceae]
| Kirar | Leaves and twigs | Applied on the affected area |
Artemisia maritima L. ex Hook [Asteraceae]
| Therkha | Upper parts of the plant | 500 g is boiled in one liter of water and given orally. |
Rhazya stricta Decne. [Apocyanaceae]
| Orgalama | Roots | Roots are burned and the ash is poured in the wound to kill maggots. The dose depends upon the depth of the wound |
Acacia modesta Wall.
[Fabaceae]
| Spines | The spines are inserted in the wound | |
Pinus gerardiana Wall. Ex D. Don [Pinaceae]
| Zarna | Wood oil | The logs of the tree are burned in a clavin-like muddy structure and the oil is collected and applied on the affected area. The dose depends on the size of the affected area. |
Whitania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal [Solanaceae]
| Khamazura | Fruits | The fruits (250 g) of the plants are dissolved in water and offered in the morning for trypanosomiasis. |
-
Wood oil (Zarna) mixed 1:1 with Taramira oil.
-
Pulverized fresh chopped leaves and twigs of Loghone (Daphne gnidium) plant mixed with water or oil.
-
Ash from Kirar (Capparis aphylla) wood soaked with Taramira oil and repeatedly applied until the lesion is dry and the skin becomes soft and smooth. Usually the animal is recovered within 1 month.
-
Ceiling smoke dust soaked with Taramira oil.
-
DDT or Trichlorofon powder added to used engine oil. Recovery time is one month.
-
Tobacco powder dissolved in water. The application of tobacco powder and engine oil on cracked skin is very painful and sometimes fatal.