Background
Methods
Study design
Assessment
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment start | At discharge | 6 months after discharge | 12 months after discharge | 24 months after discharge |
EuropASI/patient files: Demographics Psychiatric, medical and substance use problems Drinking parameters | EuropASI/patient files: Time in treatment Mode of discharge Relapses | Not relevant for this study | Total abstinence during the 24 months "Improved" Relapse | |
BDI | OCDS | |||
STAI |
Definition of outcome criteria
Data analyses
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Demographics: age, gender, education (school and professional qualifications), employment status, living circumstances, marital status and socioeconomic status/income (kind of income),
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Substance-related variables onset of alcohol use, onset for problem drinking, onset of alcohol dependence, baseline alcohol consumption, craving (OCDS-score), dependence severity (EuropASI) and treatment history,
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psychopathology-related variables (other clinical measures): attempted suicide, psychopathology rating (EuropASI), prior psychiatric treatment and symptoms of depression or anxiety (scores of BDI and STAI).
Results
Patients' characteristics and results of the univariate comparison of abstainers and non-abstainers (T4)
Total sample | Patients responded T4 (n = 67) | Differences abstinent vs. non-abstinent | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 89) | abstinent T4 (n = 39) | non-abstinent T4 (n = 28) | ||
Age (M, SD) | 46.0 (9.9) | 47.0 (9.2) | 46.1 (1.6) | n.s. |
Gender (n, %) | ||||
Male | 58 (65.2) | 26 (66.6) | 15 (53.6) | Pearson Chi2 = 0.84a; df = 1 |
Female | 31 (34.8) | 13 (33.3) | 13 (46.3) | |
Without secondary school qualifications (n, %) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.6) | 0 | n.s. |
Without professional training (n, %) | 14 (15.7) | 5 (12.8) | 4 (14.3) | n.s. |
Livelihood (n, %) | n.s. | |||
Gainful employment | 67 (75.3) | 34 (87.2) | 18 (64.3) | |
Unemployment benefit | 7 (7.8) | 1 (2.6) | 3 (10.7) | |
Pension | 7 (7.8) | 2 (5.2) | 4 (14.3) | |
Support by relatives | 5 (5.6) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (7.1) | |
Other | 3 (3.3) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (3.6) | |
Residential situation – living (n, %): | n.s. | |||
alone | 33 (37.0) | 14 (35.9) | 6 (21.4) | |
with parents | 1 (1.1) | 0 | 0 | |
with children | 5 (5.6) | 1 (2.6) | 3 (10.7) | |
with cohabitant and with/without children | 49 (55.0) | 24 (61.5) | 18 (64.3) | |
with friends | 1 (1.1) | 0 | 1 (3.6) | |
Marital status (n, %) | n.s. | |||
Single | 18 (20.2) | 7 (17.9) | 4 (14.3) | |
Married | 42 (47.2) | 20 (51.3) | 15 (53.6) | |
Separated | 9 (10.1) | 2 (5.1) | 2 (7.1) | |
Divorced | 17 (19.1) | 9 (23.1) | 5 (17.9) | |
Widowed | 3 (3.4) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (7.1) |
abstinent T4 (n = 39) | non-abstinent T4 (n = 28) | Differences abstinent vs. non-abstinent | |
---|---|---|---|
Age of onset of alcohol use (years: M, SD) | 14.4 (3.2) | 14.4 (3.0) | n.s. |
Age of onset of regular alcohol use (years: M, SD) | 21.1 (6.2) | 21.8 (7.3) | n.s. |
Age of onset of alcohol dependence (years: M, SD) | 32.0 (9.9) | 32.2 (11.6) | n.s. |
Duration of alcohol dependence (years: M, SD) | 15.0 (10.6) | 13.2 (9.4) | n.s. |
Daily alcohol intake (g/day: M, SD) | 193.2 (113.5) | 157.8 (90.3) | n.s. |
Number of previous treatments (M, SD) for | |||
alcohol | |||
detoxification | 2.5 (4.9) | 4.7 (7.5) | Mann-Whitney-U = 346.5*,b |
rehabilitation | 1.6 (8.0) | 0.4 (0.8) | n.s. |
mental health problems | 0.4 (0.6) | 1.3 (2.3) | Mann-Whitney-U = 411.5a,b |
somatic problems | 2.7 (2.4) | 3.5 (2.7) | Mann-Whitney-U = 432.0a,b |
EuropASI Composite Score Medical status | 0.18 (0.27) | 0.21 (0.33) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Economic situation | 0.21 (0.34) | 0.33 (0.44) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Employment | 0.18 (0.26) | 0.16 (0.24) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Alcohol use | 0.24 (0.07) | 0.26 (0.12) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Drug use | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.03) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Law | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.00 (0.00) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Family relationship | 0.12 (0.19) | 0.17 (0.24) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Social relationship | 0.08 (0.16) | 0.05 (0.12) | n.s. |
EuropASI Composite Score Psychiatric status | 0.06 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.14) | n.s. |
OCDS total (M, SD)c | 5.5 (5.5) | 7.8 (7.0) | Mann-Whitney-U = 277.5a |
Treatment drop out (n, %)c | 2 (5.2) | 4 (14.3) | Pearson Chi2 = 1.5a; df = 1 |
Single relapse during treatment (n, %)c | 1 (2.6) | 1 (3.6) | n.s. |
Repeated relapse during treatment (n, %)c | 0 | 2 (7.2) | Pearson Chi2 = 2.7a; df = 1 |
Attempted suicide (n, %) | 3 (7.7) | 7 (25.0) | Pearson Chi2 = 3.5*,b; df = 1 |
STAI (M, SD) | 36.9 (7.3) | 38.3 (7.9) | n.s. |
BDI (M, SD) | 7.0 (7.1) | 8.9 (6.0) | Mann-Whitney-U = 301.5a. |
Predictors of outcome after 24 months (T4)
abstinent T4 (n = 39) | non-abstinent T4 (n = 28) | OR | Wald/df | 95%CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (n, %) | 0.2* | 3.9/1 | 0.0–1.0 | ||
Male | 26 (66.6) | 15 (53.6) | |||
Female | 13 (33.3) | 13 (46.3) | |||
Number of previous treatments (M, SD) | |||||
Detoxification | 2.5 (4.9) | 4.7 (7.5) | 0.7* | 3.7/1 | 0.6–1.0 |
For mental health problems | 0.4 (0.6) | 1.3 (2.3) | 0.2* | 3.9/1 | 0.1–0.7 |