Introduction
Methods
Setting and participants
Interventions
Procedure
GP measures
Patient measures
Analysis
Results
GP intervention receipt and attitudes
England | Wales | Belgium | Netherlands | Spain | Poland | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (s.d.) | n | Mean (s.d.) | n | Mean (s.d.) | n | Mean (s.d.) | n | Mean (s.d.) | n | Mean (s.d.) | |
Taking part in the study has helped me reduce my prescribing | 94 | 4.90* (1.50) | 41 | 5.02 (1.64) | 46 | 4.39 (1.58) | 33 | 4.55 (1.25) | 58 | 5.43 (1.33) | 27 | 5.37 (1.82) |
Using a point of care test has helped me reduce my prescribing | 55 | 4.04 (1.75) | 24 | 4.88 (1.48) | 20 | 4.50 (1.57) | 18 | 4.94 (1.63) | 27 | 5.70 (1.41) | 12 | 6.33 (4.88) |
Using the GRACE/INTRO booklet has helped me reduce my prescribing | 57 | 5.09 (1.43) | 23 | 5.30 (1.40) | 27 | 4.81 (1.44) | 16 | 4.75 (1.29) | 29 | 5.17 (1.58) | 15 | 5.87 (1.41) |
CRP group (n=73) | Communication group (n=73) | Combined group (n=83) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (mean (SD)) | Follow-up (mean (SD)) | Effect size (Cohen’s d)a
| Baseline (mean (SD)) | Follow-up (mean (SD)) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | Baseline (mean (SD)) | Follow-up (mean (SD)) | Effect size (Cohen’s d) | |
Importance of reducing prescribing | 6.03b (1.27) | 6.22 (1.00) | .15 | 5.85 (1.43) | 6.34 (0.89) | .35** | 5.90 (1.08) | 6.25 (1.05) | .27* |
Risks of reducing prescribing | 4.37 (1.56) | 4.88 (1.37) | .31* | 4.81 (1.61) | 5.16 (1.45) | .19 | 4.33 (1.47) | 4.76 (1.50) | .23* |
Risk to relationship with patients | 4.49 (1.62) | 4.63 (1.58) | .08 | 4.74 (1.80) | 4.89 (1.61) | .08 | 4.76 (1.41) | 5.12 (1.33) | .25* |
Confidence to reduce prescribing | 4.89 (1.49) | 4.64 (1.49) | -.13 | 4.71 (1.79) | 5.12 (1.70) | .21 | 4.86 (1.50) | 5.28 (1.35) | .25* |
Patient intervention receipt and attitudes
England (n=276) mean (s.d.) | Wales (n=129) mean (s.d.) | Belgium (n=166) mean (s.d.) | Netherlands (n=201) mean (s.d.) | Spain (n=729) mean (s.d.) | Poland (n=856) mean (s.d.) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taking antibiotics is usually necessary | 4.04* (1.61) | 4.47 (1.73) | 2.63 (1.76) | 4.00 (1.57) | 3.88 (1.76) | 4.07 (1.72) |
Taking antibiotics can do more harm than good | 3.91 (1.35) | 3.85 (1.46) | 3.93 (1.32) | 3.87 (1.31) | 4.26 (1.55) | 4.11 (1.49) |
Patient enablement instrument | 5.01 (1.02) | 5.07 (0.93) | 4.75 (1.19) | 4.56 (1.10) | 5.33 (0.92) | 5.16 (1.03) |
Satisfaction with consultation | 5.93 (0.85) | 5.99 (0.76) | 6.07 (1.01) | 5.56 (1.04) | 5.96 (0.71) | 5.80 (0.99) |
Usual care (n=433) mean (s.d.) | CRP group (n=584) mean (s.d.) | Communication group (n=659) mean (s.d.) | Combined group (n=644) mean (s.d.) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Taking antibiotics is usually necessary | 4.13* (1.74) | 3.75 (1.71) | 4.02 (1.80) | 3.83 (1.72) |
Taking antibiotics can do more harm than good | 3.93 (1.43) | 4.12 (1.46) | 4.10 (1.51) | 4.13 (1.45) |
Patient enablement instrument | 5.12 (1.03) | 5.00 (1.06) | 5.19 (0.95) | 5.11 (1.08) |
Satisfaction with consultation | 5.85 (0.90) | 5.76 (1.00) | 5.95 (0.84) | 5.89 (0.88) |
Group allocation | Receipt of CRP test | Group allocation | Receipt of booklet | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRP group (n=1228) | Not CRP group (n=1092) | Effect sizea
| CRP test (n=884) | No CRP test (n=1473) | Effect size | Booklet group (n=1303) | Not (n=1017) | Effect size | Booklet (n=1453) | No booklet (n=856) | Effect size | |
Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | Cohen’s d | Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | Cohen’s d | Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | Cohen’s d | Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | Cohen’s d | |
Antibiotics necessary | 3.79 (1.17) | 4.07 (1.78) | .19*** | 3.90 (1.72) | 3.94 (1.77) | .02 | 3.93 (1.76) | 3.91 (1.73) | .01 | 3.87 (1.77) | 3.99 (1.72) | .07* |
Antibiotics harmful | 4.12 (1.46) | 4.03 (1.48) | .06 | 4.04 (1.45) | 4.11 (1.47) | .05 | 4.12 (1.48) | 4.04 (1.45) | .05 | 4.18 (1.48) | 3.92 (1.45) | .18*** |
Patient enablement | 5.06 (1.06) | 5.16 (0.98) | -.10* | 5.05 (1.05) | 5.15 (1.02) | -.14** | 5.15 (1.01) | 5.05 (1.04) | .10** | 5.17 (1.01) | 5.00 (1.06) | .16** |
Consultation satisfaction | 5.84 (0.92) | 5.91 (0.97) | .07 | 5.82 (0.94) | 5.91 (0.87) | -.10* | 5.93 (0.85) | 5.81 (0.95) | .13*** | 5.92 (0.87) | 5.79 (0.94) | .14*** |