Background
Methods
Subjects
Atopy assesment
Direct bronchial challenge testing with methacholine
Expression of IL-17A in peripheral blood T lymphocytes
Blood sample collection and PMBC culture
Intracellular staining of IL-17A cytokine
In vitro determination of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17
Specimen collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics of study population
Controls | AR patients | Total | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 30 | 61 | 91 | |||
Gender (female/male) | 18/12 | 41/20 | 59/32 | |||
Age (year) | 35.73 ± 6 | 36.25 ± 5 | 36.08 ± 6 | |||
Eo count % | 2.32 ± 1.84 | 4.48 ± 2.13 | 0.001 | |||
BHR n | 7 (Mch+) | 23 (Mch-) | 41 (Mch+) | 20 (Mch-) | 0.001 | |
(%) | (23.3) | (76.7) | (67.2) | (32.8) |
IL-17 producing T cells in peripheral blood were higher in AR patients
IL-17 producing T cells were higher in males in both groups of rhinitics and controls
IL-17 expression was dependent on sensitization rate
Allergen | Mean values of IL-17 producing T cells in patients (%) | Mean values of IL-17 producing T cells in controls (%) |
---|---|---|
D. pteronyssinus*
| 2.59 ± 1.45 | 1.25 ± 0.00 |
D. farinae*
| 2.57 ± 1.26 | 1.24 ± 0.01 |
Animal feather | 2.63 ± 1.33 | 1.23 ± 0.00 |
Cat | 3.46 ± 1.7 | 1.31 ± 0.08 |
Dog | 3.91 ± 1.88 | 1.25 ± 0.01 |
Alternaria alternata
| 3.04 ± 1.33 | 1.22 ± 0.06 |
Aspergillus mix
| 2.65 ± 1.10 | 0.00 |
Fusarium solani
| 2.22 ± 0.55 | 1.26 ± 0.00 |
Penicillium mix
| 3.17 ± 0.92 | 0.00 |
Cockroach | 2.51 ± 1.08 | 1.3 ± 0.00 |
Allergen | Mean values of IL-17 producing T cells in patients (%) | Mean values of IL-17 producing T cells in controls (%) |
---|---|---|
3 grasses
| 3.42 ± 1.61 | 1.22 ± 0.00 |
5 grasses
| 3.31 ± 1.62 | 1.22 ± 0.00 |
4 cereals
| 3.57 ± 1.63 | 1.22 ± 0.00 |
12 grasses
| 2.77 ± 1.05 | 1.22 ± 0.00 |
Birch | 2.50 ± 0.82 | 1.22 ± 0.00 |
Beech | 2.99 ± 1.33 | 0.00 |
Willow | 3.87 ± 1.66 | 0.00 |
Ragweed | 2.81 ± 0.65 | 0.00 |
Artemisia vulgaris
| 3.81 ± 2.20 | 0.00 |
Increased levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-17 in AR patients
IL-4 | IL-13 | IL-17 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allergen | Mean values of patients [pg/ml] | Mean values of controls [pg/ml] | Mean values of patients [pg/ml] | Mean values of controls [pg/ml] | Mean values of patients [pg/ml] | Mean values of controls [pg/ml] |
D. pteronyssinus
| 3.16 ± 2.73* | 1.53 ± 2.09 | 3.21 ± 2.67* | 1.38 ± 2.11 | 3.24 ± 2.77* | 2.15 ± 2.46 |
D. farinae
| 2.31 ± 2.38* | 1.30 ± 1.93 | 2.26 ± 2.32 | 1.38 ± 2.11 | 2.52 ± 2.43 | 1.61 ± 2.09 |
Animal feather | 0.51 ± 1.36* | 0.00 | 0.50 ± 1.35* | 0.00 | 0.43 ± 1.36 | 0.28 ± 0.93 |
Cat | 0.70 ± 1.99 | 0.20 ± 0.76 | 0.58 ± 1.91 | 0.44 ± 1.15 | 0.48 ± 1.66 | 0.63 ± 1.81 |
Dog | 0.52 ± 1.70 | 0.33 ± 1.03 | 0.53 ± 1.71 | 0.31 ± 0.93 | 0.52 ± 1.77 | 0.43 ± 1.29 |
Alternaria alternata
| 0.72 ± 1.73 | 0.70 ± 1.64 | 0.77 ± 1.77 | 0.59 ± 1.55 | 0.45 ± 1.27 | 1.00 ± 2.02 |
Aspergillus mix
| 0.56 ± 1.47 | 0.20 ± 1.09 | 0.55 ± 1.46 | 0.21 ± 1.11 | 0.71 ± 1.64 | 0.22 ± 1.05 |
Fusarium solani
| 0.47 ± 1.35 | 0.27 ± 1.05 | 0.55 ± 1.46 | 0.10 ± 0.56 | 0.52 ± 1.47 | 0.33 ± 1.08 |
Penicillium mix
| 0.31 ± 1.07 | 0.00 | 0.31 ± 1.06 | 0.00 | 0.29 ± 1.07 | 0.15 ± 0.73 |
Cockroach | 0.10 ± 0.54 | 0.23 ± 0.90 | 0.15 ± 0.65 | 0.14 ± 0.74 | 0.21 ± 0.78 | 0.09 ± 0.59 |
IL-4 | IL-13 | IL-17 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allergen | Mean values of patients [pg/ml] | Mean values of controls [pg/ml] | Mean values of patients [pg/ml] | Mean values of controls [pg/ml] | Mean values of patients [pg/ml] | Mean values of controls [pg/ml] |
3 grasses
| 1.95 ± 3.10 | 1.00 ± 2.41 | 1.85 ± 3.11 | 1.17 ± 2.41 | 2.31 ± 2.99 | 1.13 ± 2.81 |
5 grasses
| 1.67 ± 2.63 | 1.03 ± 2.53 | 1.60 ± 2.69 | 1.17 ± 2.41 | 2.02 ± 2.87 | 1.04 ± 2.33 |
4 cereals
| 1.79 ± 3.10 | 1.03 ± 2.53 | 1.73 ± 3.16 | 1.14 ± 2.37 | 1.98 ± 3.22 | 1.24 ± 2.71 |
12 grasses
| 0.36 ± 1.27 | 0.43 ± 1.36 | 0.48 ± 1.42 | 0.17 ± 0.93 | 0.52 ± 1.50 | 0.28 ± 1.11 |
Birch | 1.69 ± 3.10* | 0.50 ± 1.38 | 1.48 ± 3.02 | 0.90 ± 1.86 | 1.88 ± 3.32 | 0.78 ± 1.98 |
Beech | 1.18 ± 2.28* | 0.27 ± 1.05 | 1.19 ± 2.24* | 0.21 ± 1.11 | 1.19 ± 2.21 | 0.65 ± 1.83 |
Willow | 0.52 ± 1.70 | 0.00 | 0.44 ± 1.58 | 0.17 ± 0.93 | 0.31 ± 1.16 | 0.41 ± 1.65 |
Ragweed | 0.16 ± 0.90 | 0.13 ± 0.73 | 0.16 ± 0.89 | 0.14 ± 0.74 | 0.21 ± 0.98 | 0.11 ± 0.74 |
Artemisia vulgaris
| 0.25 ± 1.15 | 0.00 | 0.24 ± 1.14 | 0.00 | 0.29 ± 1.31 | 0.07 ± 0.44 |