Introduction
Materials and methods
Design
Open-ended questions |
---|
If you think about your body and mind, what does not work the way it is supposed to? |
If you think about your body, in which parts are your problems? |
If you think about your daily life, what are your problems? |
If you think about your environment and your living conditions,: |
what do you find helpful or supportive? |
what barriers do you experience? |
Participants
Sample size
Data collection
Data analysis
Qualitative analysis
Linking to the ICF
Transcription | Meaning unit | ICF category | |
---|---|---|---|
Moderator: |
If you think about your body, what functional problems do you have?
| ||
Patient A: | I used to go to sports very often. Now I can't anymore. I even had to quit swimming | Restriction of sports Quit swimming | d9201 sports d4554 swimming |
Patient B: | Exactly! I also had to quit swimming. | ||
Patient C: | I can no longer cycle. (...) | Quit cycling | d4750 driving human-powered transportation |
Moderator: |
If you think about your body, where are your biggest problems?
| ||
Patient C: |
Toes, ankle joints, knee joints, fingers
| Toes Ankle joints | s7502 structure of ankle & foot s75021 ankle joint & joints of foot and toes |
Knee joints | s75011 knee joint | ||
Fingers | s7302 structure of hand | ||
Patient A: | What bothers me are my wrists. (...) | Wrists | s73021 joints of hand and fingers |
Saturation of data
Confirmation of the ICF categories contained in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for RA
Accuracy of the analysis
Results
Description of the focus groups
Characteristics of participants and focus groups | Focus groups | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
Open approach | ICF-based approach | ||
Number of participants (n) | 25 | 24 | 49 |
Mean age, year (range) | 59 (24–81) | 54 (35–75) | 57 (24–81) |
Gender (% female) | 88 | 83 | 86 |
Mean disease duration, year (range) | 16 (4–38) | 15 (3–56) | 15 (3–56) |
Number of focus groups (n) | 5 | 5 | 10 |
Mean session duration, hours:minutes (range) | 1:09 (0:52–1:15) | 1:35 (1:17–2:06) | 1:22 (0:52–2:06) |
Qualitative analysis and linking
Confirmation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for RA
ICF categories | Reported by patients | ||
---|---|---|---|
Code | Title | Open approach | ICF-based approach |
b126 | Temperament and personality functions | Yes | Yes |
b130
|
Energy and drive functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b134
|
Sleep functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b140 | Attention functions | Yes | Yes |
b147 | Psychomotor functions | Yes | Yes |
b152
|
Emotional functions
| Yes | Yes |
b160 | Thought functions | Yes | Yes |
b180
|
Experience of self and time functions
| Yes | |
b210 | Seeing functions | Yes | Yes |
b215 | Functions of structures adjoining the eye | Yes | |
b220 | Sensations associated with the eye and adjoining structures | Yes | Yes |
b230 | Hearing functions | Yes | Yes |
b240 | Sensations associated with hearing and vestibular function | Yes | |
b250 | Taste function | Yes | |
b255 | Smell function | Yes | |
b265 | Touch function | Yes | Yes |
b270 | Sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli | Yes | |
b280
|
Sensation of pain
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b320 | Articulation functions | Yes | |
b410 | Heart functions | Yes | |
b430
|
Haematological system functions
| Yes | Yes |
b435 | Immunological system functions | Yes | Yes |
b455
|
Exercise tolerance functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b460 | Sensations associated with cardiovascular and respiratory functions | Yes | |
b510
|
Ingestion functions
| Yes | Yes |
b515 | Digestive functions | Yes | Yes |
b520 | Assimilation functions | Yes | |
b525 | Defecation functions | Yes | Yes |
b530 | Weight maintenance functions | Yes | Yes |
b535 | Sensations associated with the digestive system | Yes | |
b540 | General metabolic functions | Yes | |
b545 | Water, mineral and electrolyte balance functions | Yes | |
b610 | Urinary excretory functions | Yes | |
b620 | Urination functions | Yes | |
b640
|
Sexual functions
| Yes | |
b710
|
Mobility of joint functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b715
|
Stability of joint functions
| Yes | Yes |
b730
|
Muscle power functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b740
|
Muscle endurance functions
|
Yes
| |
b760 | Control of voluntary movement functions | Yes | Yes |
b770
|
Gait pattern functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b780
|
Sensations related to muscles and movement functions
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
b810 | Protective functions of the skin | Yes | Yes |
b820 | Repair functions of the skin | Yes | |
b840 | Sensation related to the skin | Yes | |
b850 | Functions of hair | Yes | |
b860 | Functions of nails | Yes |
ICF categories | Reported by patients | ||
---|---|---|---|
Code | Title | Open approach | ICF-based approach |
s299
| Eye, ear and related structures, unspecified (s220)a |
Yes
|
Yes
|
s320 | Structure of mouth | Yes | |
s410 | Structure of cardiovascular system | Yes | |
s530 | Structure of stomach | Yes | Yes |
s540 | Structure of intestine | Yes | |
s710
|
Structure of head and neck region
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s720
|
Structure of shoulder region
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s730
|
Structure of upper extremity
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s750
|
Structure of lower extremity
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s760
|
Structure of trunk
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s770
|
Additional musculoskeletal structures related to movement
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s810
|
Structure of areas of skin
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
s830 | Structure of nails | Yes |
ICF categories | Reported by patients | ||
---|---|---|---|
Code | Title | Open approach | ICF-based approach |
d163 | Thinking | Yes | |
d166 | Reading | Yes | |
d170
|
Writing
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d210 | Undertaking a single task | Yes | |
d230
|
Carrying out daily routine
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d240 | Handling stress and other psychological demands | Yes | |
d330 | Speaking | Yes | |
d360
|
Using communication devices and techniques
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d410
|
Changing basic body position
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d415
|
Maintaining a body position
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d430
|
Lifting and carrying objects
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d435 | Moving objects with lower extremities | Yes | |
d440
|
Fine hand use
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d445
|
Hand and arm use
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d449
| Carrying, moving and handling objects, other specified and unspecified (d430/d445)a |
Yes
|
Yes
|
d450
|
Walking
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d455
|
Moving around
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d460
| Moving around in different locations (d455)a |
Yes
|
Yes
|
d465
|
Moving around using equipment
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d470
|
Using transportation
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d475
|
Driving
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d510
|
Washing oneself
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d520
|
Caring for body parts
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d530
|
Toileting
|
Yes
| |
d540
|
Dressing
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d550
|
Eating
|
Yes
| |
d560
|
Drinking
|
Yes
| |
d570
|
Looking after one's health
|
No
|
No
|
d610 | Acquiring a place to live | Yes | |
d620
|
Acquisition of goods and services
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d630
|
Preparing meals
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d640
|
Doing housework
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d650 | Caring for household objects | Yes | Yes |
d660
|
Assisting others
|
Yes
| |
d720 | Complex interpersonal interactions | Yes | Yes |
d750 | Informal social relationships | Yes | Yes |
d760
|
Family relationships
|
Yes
| |
d770
|
Intimate relationships
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d850
|
Remunerative employment
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
d859
| Work and employment, other specified and unspecified (d850)a |
Yes
|
Yes
|
d910
|
Community life
|
Yes
| |
d920
|
Recreation and leisure
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
ICF categories | Reported by patients | ||
---|---|---|---|
Code | Title | Open approach | ICF-based approach |
e110
|
Products or substances for personal consumption
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e115
|
Products and technology for personal use in daily living
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e120
|
Products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e125
|
Products and technology for communication
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e130 | Products and technology for education | Yes | |
e135
|
Products and technology for employment
|
Yes
| |
e150
|
Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for public use
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e155
|
Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for private use
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e160 | Products and technology of land development | Yes | Yes |
e165 | Assets | Yes | Yes |
e210 | Physical geography | Yes | |
e225
|
Climate
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e310
|
Immediate family
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e315 | Extended family | Yes | Yes |
e320
|
Friends
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e325 | Acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbours and community members | Yes | Yes |
e330 | People in positions of authority | Yes | |
e340
|
Personal care providers and personal assistants
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e345 | Strangers | Yes | Yes |
e350 | Domesticated animals | Yes | Yes |
e355
|
Health professionals
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e360
|
Other professionals
|
No
|
No
|
e410
|
Individual attitudes of immediate family members
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e420
|
Individual attitudes of friends
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e425
|
Individual attitudes of acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbors and community members
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e430 | Individual attitudes of people in positions of authority | Yes | |
e445 | Individual attitudes of strangers | Yes | Yes |
e450
|
Individual attitudes of health professionals
|
Yes
| |
e460
|
Societal attitudes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e465 | Social norms, practices and ideologies | Yes | |
e510 | Services, systems and policies for the production of consumer goods | Yes | Yes |
e515 | Architecture and construction services, systems and policies | Yes | |
e540
|
Transportation services, systems and policies
|
Yes
| |
e555 | Associations and organizational services, systems and policies | Yes | Yes |
e560 | Media services, systems and policies | Yes | Yes |
e565 | Economic services, systems and policies | Yes | |
e570
|
Social security services, systems and policies
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e575 | General social support services, systems and policies | Yes | Yes |
e580
|
Health services, systems and policies
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
e590 | Labor and employment services, systems and policies | Yes | Yes |