Introduction
Material and methods
Ethics statement
Patients
Molecular analysis
Genotyping of the -308G > A TNFA polymorphism
RNA isolation, synthesis of cDNA and quantitative PCR
Statistical analysis
Meta-analysis
Results
Relation of TNFA -308G > A with disease activity and radiologic joint damage
GG | GA+AA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | (n= 138) | (n= 64 + 6) | P-value | |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 52 (13) | 50 (13) | 0.21 | |
Female gender, n (%) | 89 (64%) | 50 (71%) | 0.32 | |
RF positivity, n (%) | 105 (76%) | 55 (79%) | 0.69 | |
DAS28, mean (SD) | ||||
Baseline | 208 | 5.2 (1.4) | 5.3 (1.3) | 0.38 |
3-year average | 208 | 4.0 (1.1) | 3.9 (1.0) | 0.85 |
6-year average | 159 | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.10 |
9-year average | 115 | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.12 |
Patients with erosions at baseline, n (%) | 208 | 76 (55%) | 44 (63%) | 0.28 |
Ratingen score, median (range) | ||||
Baseline | 208 | 0 (0-2) | 0 (0-2) | 0.17 |
3 years | 208 | 7 (0-15) | 4 (0-10) | 0.08 |
6 years | 160 | 12 (2-26) | 10 (1-21) | 0.18 |
9 years | 116 | 22 (10-38) | 14 (3-24) | 0.07 |
Effect | Estimate | Standard error (estimate) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 5.8 | 1.18 | < 0.0001 |
Genotype GA+AA | -5.0 | 1.62 |
0.0020
|
Year | 1.6 | 0.38 | < 0.0001 |
Year2 | -0.13 | 0.020 | < 0.0001 |
Genotype GA+AA × year | 0.17 | 0.34 |
0.61
|
Meta-analysis
Reference | Population | N | Female, % | Age, years | Disease duration, years | Scoring method | Definition erosive disease |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brinkman [2] | Dutch | 144 | 65 | 66.8 | 14.06 | ns | Erosions on any radiograph during first 3 years |
Pawlik [10] | Polish | 91 | 63 | 51.7 (range 21-74)# | 4.7 ± 2.1 | ns | Erosions in chest, hands or feet |
Khanna [9] | Americans (Western US) and Mexican | 189 | 76 | ns | 0.47 (0.3-0.71)* | Sharp | Erosion score ≥ 2 In hand/wrist or feet |
Rezaieyazdi [7] | Iranian | 34 | n.s. | 47.3 ± 13.8 | 4.0 ± 3.7 | ns | Erosions in hands |
Kazkaz [8] | Syrian | 156 | 80 | 44.02 ± 14.47 | 7.28 ± 4.87 | Larsen | Destruction score ≥ 2, right wrist |
Kazkaz [8] | French | 512 | 75 | 57.56 ± 14.67 | 10.05 ± 8.66 | Larsen | Destruction score ≥ 2, right wrist |
Ates [5] | Turkish | 98 | 80 | 50.8 ± 12 | ns | ns | Erosions in hands or feet |
Nemec [6] | Caucasians from Moravian regions of the Czech Republic | 130 | 75 | 56.21 (20.25-79)* | 11.08 (2.08-50.17)* | Steinbrocker | Erosions of stage II-IV in hands |
Reneses [4] | Spanish | 134 | 70 | 50.4 ± 1.3 | < 1 | Sharp van der Heijde | Erosion at 1 year in hands, wrist or feet |
Hussein [3] | Egyptian | 172 | 100 | 47.4 ± 9.3 | 10.65 ± 7.9 | Sharp | ≥ 1 erosions in peripheral joints (hands or feet) |
Mosaad [1] | Egyptian | 122 | 80 | 39.9 ± 10.3 | 5.9 ± 5.1 | Steinbrocker | Erosions in hands |