Introduction
Materials and methods
Patients and infections
Analysis of risk factors for the acquisition of NP (model 1)
Analysis of risk factors for mortality (model 2)
Results
Patients and infections
Variables | ||
---|---|---|
Continuous: | Mean | SD |
Age | 60.0 | 18.4 |
SAPS II | 35.2 | 18.7 |
Binary: | Number | Percentaqe |
Female gender | 764 | 40.72 |
Intubation on admission | 848 | 45.20 |
Pneumonia on admission | 220 | 11.73 |
LRT on admission | 24 | 1.28 |
Urinary tract infection on admission | 42 | 2.24 |
Other infections on admission | 139 | 7.41 |
Hospitalization before admission | 1,334 | 71.11 |
Surgical patients | 433 | 23.08 |
Elective surgery before admission | 883 | 47.07 |
Emergency surgery before admission | 456 | 24.31 |
Cardial/pulmonary underlying disease | 653 | 34.81 |
Neurological underlying disease | 370 | 19.72 |
Metabolic/renal underlying disease | 180 | 9.59 |
Other underlying disease | 180 | 9.59 |
Time-dependent events (binary) | Number of events | Time (days) to event among those with event (Q25, median, Q75) |
Discharge from ICU (alive) | 1,632 | (5,8,17) |
Death in the ICU | 214 | (7,13,27) |
Nosocomial pneumonia | 158 | (5,8,14) |
Nosocomial blood stream infection | 35 | (7,13,26) |
Nosocomial LRT | 33 | (5,6,10) |
Ventilation | 1,041 | (1,1,1) |
Chest drainage | 366 | (1,1,1) |
Colostomy | 44 | (1,1,1) |
Enterostomy | 59 | (1,1,1) |
Jejunostomy | 23 | (1,1,10) |
Nasogastric tube | 1,263 | (1,1,1) |
Urinary catheter | 1,608 | (1,1,1) |
Analysis of risk factors for the acquisition of nosocomial pneumonia (model 1)
Possible endpoints (competing risks) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factor | ||||||
Nosocomial pneumonia | Discharge (dead or alive) | |||||
CSHR | 95% CI | p Value | CSHR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Baseline: | ||||||
Age (continuous variable) | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 0.18 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 0.01 |
Female gender | 0.75 | 0.53 to 1.07 | 0.12 | 1.10 | 0.99 to 1.22 | 0.07 |
SAPS II (continuous variable) | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.42 | 0.98 | 0.98 to 0.99 | < 0.01 |
Intubation on admission | 0.89 | 0.71 to 1.13 | 0.35 | 1.05 | 0.96 to 1.14 | 0.32 |
Pneumonia on admission | 0.02 | 0.00 to 0.12 | < 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.56 to 0.77 | < 0.01 |
Urinary tract infection on admission | 1.86 | 0.60 to 5.82 | 0.28 | 0.81 | 0.56 to 1.18 | 0.28 |
Other infections on admission | 1.08 | 0.59 to 1.98 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.59 to 0.89 | < 0.01 |
Hospitalization before admission | 0.73 | 0.50 to 1.05 | 0.09 | 0.91 | 0.81 to 1.02 | 0.10 |
Surgical patients | 0.69 | 0.41 to 1.18 | 0.18 | 0.98 | 0.83 to 1.16 | 0.80 |
Elective surgery before admission | 1.95 | 1.33 to 2.85 | < 0.01 | 0.54 | 0.48 to 0.60 | < 0.01 |
Emergency surgery before admission | 1.59 | 1.10 to 2.28 | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.95 to 1.23 | 0.25 |
Cardial/pulmonary underlying disease | 1.32 | 0.86 to 2.04 | 0.20 | 0.84 | 0.73 to 0.97 | 0.02 |
Neurological underlying disease | 1.25 | 0.78 to 2.00 | 0.36 | 0.94 | 0.81 to 1.09 | 0.41 |
Metabolic/renal underlying disease | 0.76 | 0.35 to 1.65 | 0.48 | 0.80 | 0.65 to 0.99 | 0.04 |
Other underlying disease | 1.49 | 0.83 to 2.66 | 0.18 | 1.00 | 0.81 to 1.24 | 1.00 |
Time-dependent: | ||||||
Ventilation | 5.90 | 2.47 to 14.09 | < 0.01 | 0.53 | 0.45 to 0.62 | < 0.01 |
Chest drainage | 1.00 | 0.68 to 1.46 | 0.99 | 0.75 | 0.65 to 0.86 | < 0.01 |
Colostomy | 4.29 | 0.36 to 50.64 | 0.25 | 0.69 | 0.28 to 1.72 | 0.42 |
Enterostomy | 0.14 | 0.01 to 2.10 | 0.15 | 1.64 | 0.61 to 4.45 | 0.33 |
Jejunostomy | 2.47 | 0.45 to 13.58 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.16 to 1.04 | 0.06 |
Nasogastric tube | 3.04 | 1.25 to 7.37 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.76 to 1.03 | 0.12 |
Urinary catheter | 1.53 | 0.49 to 4.81 | 0.46 | 0.76 | 0.65 to 0.90 | < 0.01 |
Cumulative incidence functions (CIF)(model 1)
Analysis of risk factors for mortality (model 2)
Possible endpoints (competing risks) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factor | Death in the ICU | Discharge from ICU | ||||
CSHR | 95% CI | p Value | CSHR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Baseline | ||||||
Age (continuous variable) | 1.02 | 1.01 to 1.03 | < 0.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.01 | 0.01 |
Female gender | 0.83 | 0.63 to 1.11 | 0.21 | 0.92 | 0.83 to 1.03 | 0.14 |
SAPS II (continuous variable) | 1.02 | 1.01 to 1.03 | < 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.98 to 0.98 | < 0.01 |
Intubation on admission | 0.83 | 0.69 to 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.14 | 1.04 to 1.24 | < 0.01 |
Pneumonia on admission | 0.72 | 0.47 to 1.10 | 0.13 | 0.61 | 0.51 to 0.72 | < 0.01 |
LRT on admission | 0.53 | 0.13 to 2.11 | 0.37 | 0.70 | 0.32 to 1.54 | 0.37 |
Urinary tract infection on admission | 0.97 | 0.49 to 1.92 | 0.92 | 0.77 | 0.51 to 1.16 | 0.22 |
Other infections on admission | 1.44 | 0.97 to 2.15 | 0.07 | 0.60 | 0.47 to 0.76 | < 0.01 |
Hospitalization before admission | 1.08 | 0.74 to 1.57 | 0.69 | 0.89 | 0.79 to 1.01 | 0.06 |
Surgical patients | 0.56 | 0.34 to 0.93 | 0.03 | 1.02 | 0.86 to 1.20 | 0.83 |
Elective surgery before admission | 0.43 | 0.31 to 0.58 | < 0.01 | 0.56 | 0.50 to 0.63 | < 0.01 |
Emergency surgery before admission | 0.98 | 0.67 to 1.43 | 0.91 | 1.11 | 0.97 to 1.27 | 0.14 |
Cardial/pulmonary underlying disease | 0.81 | 0.56 to 1.17 | 0.26 | 0.89 | 0.77 to 1.03 | 0.11 |
Neurological underlying disease | 0.87 | 0.55 to 1.39 | 0.57 | 1.01 | 0.87 to 1.18 | 0.89 |
Metabolic/renal underlying disease | 1.22 | 0.81 to 1.82 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.63 to 0.99 | 0.04 |
Other underlying disease | 1.66 | 1.12 to 2.44 | 0.01 | 0.96 | 0.77 to 1.19 | 0.70 |
Time-dependent | ||||||
Ventilation | 1.78 | 0.99 to 3.20 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.38 to 0.53 | < 0.01 |
Chest drainage | 0.99 | 0.70 to 1.41 | 0.97 | 0.71 | 0.62 to 0.82 | < 0.01 |
Colostomy | 0.96 | 0.26 to 3.61 | 0.95 | 0.59 | 0.23 to 1.53 | 0.28 |
Enterostomy | 0.77 | 0.15 to 4.02 | 0.76 | 2.06 | 0.74 to 5.74 | 0.16 |
Jejunostomy | 1.53 | 0.37 to 6.23 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 0.11 to 0.69 | 0.01 |
Nasogastric tube | 0.82 | 0.45 to 1.50 | 0.52 | 0.89 | 0.76 to 1.04 | 0.14 |
Urinary catheter | 0.74 | 0.43 to 1.27 | 0.27 | 0.78 | 0.66 to 0.94 | 0.01 |
Nosocomial pneumonia | 0.87 | 0.56 to 1.36 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.49 to 0.71 | < 0.01 |
Nosocomial blood stream infection | 0.77 | 0.31 to 1.90 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.65 to 1.23 | 0.50 |
Nosocomial LRT | 1.24 | 0.66 to 2.30 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.56 to 0.80 | < 0.01 |