Background
Methods
Study population and survey process
Migraine assessment
Non-migraine headache assessment
Insomnia assessment
Statistical analyses
Results
Survey
Survey participants N (%) | Total population N (%) |
P
| Migraine N, % (95% CI) | Non-migraine headache N, % (95% CI) | Insomnia N, % (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||||
Men | 1345 (49.3) | 17,584,365 (50.6) |
0.854
a
| 36, 2.7 (1.8–3.5) | 471, 35.0 (32.5–37.6) | 117, 8.7 (7.2–10.2) |
Women | 1350 (50.7) | 17,198,350 (49.4) | 107, 7.9 (6.5–9.4) | 659, 48.8 (46.2–51.5) | 173, 12.8 (11.0–14.6) | |
Age | ||||||
19–29 | 542 (20.5) | 7,717,947 (22.2) |
0.917
a
| 25, 4.5 (2.7–6.2) | 231, 42.6 (38.4–46.8) | 59, 10.9 (8.3–13.5) |
30–39 | 604 (21.9) | 8,349,487 (24.0) | 42, 7.0 (4.9–9.1) | 269, 44.5 (40.6–48.5) | 53, 8.8 (6.5–11.0) | |
40–49 | 611 (23.1) | 8,613,110 (24.8) | 39, 6.5 (4.5–8.4) | 277, 45.3 (41.4–49.3) | 66, 10.8 (8.3–13.3) | |
50–59 | 529 (18.9) | 6,167,505 (17.7) | 22, 4.1 (2.4–5.9) | 204, 38.6 (34.4–42.7) | 63, 11.9 (9.1–14.7) | |
60–69 | 409 (15.6) | 3,934,666 (11.3) | 15, 3.9 (2.0–5.7) | 149, 36.4 (31.7–41.1) | 49, 12.0 (8.8–15.1) | |
Size of residential area | ||||||
Large city | 1248 (46.3) | 16,776,771 (48.2) |
0.921
a
| 76, 6.1 (4.8–7.5) | 525, 42.1 (39.3–44.8) | 136, 10.9 (9.2–12.6) |
Medium-to-small city | 1186 (44.0) | 15,164,345 (43.6) | 48, 4.0 (2.9–5.2) | 488, 41.1 (38.3–44.0) | 125, 10.5 (8.8–12.3) | |
Rural area | 261 (9.7) | 2,841,599 (8.2) | 19, 7.4 (4.2–10.6) | 117, 44.8 (38.8–50.9) | 29, 11.1 (7.3–14.9) | |
Education level | ||||||
Middle school or less | 393 (14.9) | 6,608,716 (19.0) |
0.752
a
| 22, 5.5 (4.2–7.7) | 156, 42.0 (37.1–46.9) | 62, 15.8 (12.2–19.4) |
High school | 1208 (44.5) | 15,234,829 (43.8) | 60, 5.0 (3.8–6.3) | 502, 41.6 (38.8–44.4) | 116, 9.6 (7.9–11.3) | |
College or more | 1068 (39.6) | 12,939,170 (37.2) | 60, 5.6 (4.3–7.0) | 457, 42.8 (40.0–45.8) | 109, 10.2 (8.4–12.0) | |
Not responded | 26 (1.0) | 1, 3.8 (0.0–11.8) | 6, 23.1 (5.7–40.4) | 3, 11.5 (0.0–24.7) | ||
Total | 2695 (100.0) | 34,782,715 (100.0) | 143, 5.3 (4.5–6.2) | 1130, 41.9 (40.0–43.8) | 290, 10.8 (9.6–11.9) |
Prevalence of insomnia and migraine
Prevalence of migraine and non-migraine headache according to the presence of insomnia
Total and subcomponent ISI scores among participants with insomnia according to the headache status
Migraine (N = 37) | Non-migraine headache (N = 171) | Non-headache (N = 82) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total ISI score | 13.0 (11.0–17.5) | 13.0 (11.0–17.0) | 12.0 (11.0–16.0) |
0.245
|
Falling asleep | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) |
0.796
|
Staying asleep | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) |
0.671
|
Early awakening | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) |
0.303
|
Satisfaction | 4.0 (3.5–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) |
0.245
|
Interference | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) |
0.032
|
Noticeability | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)a | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)a | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) |
0.002
|
Worry | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) |
0.364
|
Non-refreshing sleepb | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0)a | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) |
0.001
|
Prevalence of insomnia according to the headache status
Headache frequency, headache intensity, and impact of headache according to the presence of insomnia among participants with migraine and non-migraine headache
Migraine with insomnia (N = 37) | Migraine without insomnia (N = 106) |
P
| Non-migraine headache with insomnia (N = 171) | Non-migraine headache without insomnia (N = 959) |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Headache frequency | 5.7 ± 8.2 | 3.2 ± 5.4 |
0.093
| 3.7 ± 6.8 | 2.1 ± 4.9 |
0.004
|
VAS scorea | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) |
0.003
| 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) |
< 0.001
|
HIT-6 score | 60.0 ± 9.5 | 52.3 ± 8.4 |
< 0.001
| 50.1 ± 8.6 | 44.4 ± 6.7 |
< 0.001
|