Background
Methods
Study design and participants
Measurements
Attitude and practice of physical activity
Social problem-solving ability
Statistical analyses
Results
Characteristics according to physical activity
Characteristic | Total | Physical activity |
P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Do not exercise | Exercise but not regularly | Exercise regularly | |||||
And never think about doing so | But intend to start | Try to exercise | |||||
No. of subjects | 185 | 20 | 43 | 55 | 35 | 32 | |
Age in years (%) | |||||||
18 | 34.6 | 30.0 | 23.3 | 34.5 | 48.6 | 37.5 | 0.44 |
19 | 42.2 | 50.0 | 53.5 | 38.2 | 31.4 | 40.6 | |
20 | 18.9 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 21.8 | 17.1 | 21.9 | |
21 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 5.5 | 2.9 | 0.0 | |
22 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Sex (%) | |||||||
Men | 35.7 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 34.5 | 48.6 | 53.1 | 0.01 |
Women | 64.3 | 80.0 | 79.1 | 65.5 | 51.4 | 46.9 | |
Living alone (%) | |||||||
Yes | 43.2 | 50.0 | 48.8 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.6 | 0.85 |
No | 56.8 | 50.0 | 51.2 | 60.0 | 60.0 | 59.4 |
Differences in SPSI-R and subscales among categories of physical activity
Physical activity |
P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Do not exercise | Exercise but not regularly | Exercise regularly | ||||
And never think about doing so | But intend to start | Try to exercise | ||||
No. of subjects | 20 | 43 | 55 | 35 | 32 | |
SPSI-R, mean ± SD | 10.4 ± 2.7 | 10.7 ± 2.0 | 10.6 ± 2.1 | 10.8 ± 2.1 | 12.3 ± 2.8 | <0.01 |
PPO, mean ± SD | 11.4 ± 4.1 | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 11.7 ± 3.4 | 10.7 ± 3.1 | 12.9 ± 3.6 | 0.11 |
NPO, mean ± SD | 23.3 ± 6.7 | 23.2 ± 6.9 | 24.0 ± 7.2 | 21.5 ± 8.2 | 18.2 ± 10.0 | 0.03 |
RPS, mean ± SD | 43.9 ± 12.2 | 44.6 ± 8.6 | 45.0 ± 10.0 | 45.2 ± 8.4 | 49.8 ± 10.5 | 0.25 |
PDF, mean ± SD | 12.1 ± 3.2 | 12.9 ± 2.8 | 12.4 ± 2.7 | 12.3 ± 2.5 | 13.4 ± 2.9 | 0.35 |
GAS, mean ± SD | 11.2 ± 3.8 | 12.0 ± 2.9 | 11.5 ± 2.9 | 12.1 ± 2.8 | 13.0 ± 3.1 | 0.29 |
DM, mean ± SD | 9.9 ± 3.0 | 10.5 ± 2.9 | 10.5 ± 2.9 | 11.0 ± 2.7 | 12.3 ± 3.7 | 0.08 |
SIV, mean ± SD | 10.7 ± 4.2 | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 10.6 ± 3.7 | 9.8 ± 3.4 | 11.1 ± 3.6 | 0.23 |
ICS, mean ± SD | 19.9 ± 6.6 | 19.3 ± 5.6 | 20.0 ± 5.6 | 19.3 ± 4.4 | 17.7 ± 6.1 | 0.42 |
AS, mean ± SD | 14.1 ± 5.2 | 12.7 ± 3.7 | 13.1 ± 5.0 | 12.2 ± 4.1 | 10.8 ± 5.2 | 0.06 |
Multivariate odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of higher SPSI-R and subscales according to physical activity
Physical activity |
P value for linear trend | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Do not exercise | Exercise but not regularly | Exercise regularly | ||||
And never think about doing so | But intend to start | Try to exercise | ||||
No. of subjects | 20 | 43 | 55 | 35 | 32 | |
SPSI-R | ||||||
No. of subjects with higher SPSI-R | 6 | 20 | 23 | 20 | 24 | |
Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.03 (0.68–6.65) | 1.68 (0.58–5.34) | 3.11 (1.00–10.60) | 7.00 (2.11–26.13) | < 0.01 |
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 2.08 (0.69–6.93) | 1.62 (0.55–5.26) | 2.78 (0.86–9.77) | 6.23 (1.81–23.97) | < 0.01 |
PPO | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.35–3.02) | 0.90 (0.32–2.53) | 0.87 (0.28–2.68) | 1.50 (0.47–4.81) | 0.58 |
NPO | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.74 (0.22–2.28) | 0.66 (0.20–1.94) | 0.42 (0.12–1.34) | 0.27 (0.07–0.88) | 0.01 |
RPS | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.71 (0.24–2.08) | 0.93 (0.33–2.64) | 0.79 (0.25–2.45) | 2.37 (0.73–8.00) | 0.10 |
PDF | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.25 (0.43–3.66) | 1.18 (0.42–3.33) | 0.73 (0.23–2.26) | 1.83 (0.57–5.97) | 0.64 |
GAS | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.18 (0.40–3.49) | 0.94 (0.33–2.70) | 1.37 (0.44–4.35) | 2.66 (0.80–9.16) | 0.10 |
DM | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.01 (0.33–3.13) | 1.00 (0.34–3.01) | 3.34 (1.03–11.47) | 3.67 (1.10–13.10) | < 0.01 |
SIV | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.46 (0.15–1.34) | 0.74 (0.24–2.12) | 0.82 (0.25–2.59) | 1.61 (0.46–5.64) | 0.12 |
ICS | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.38 (0.45–4.16) | 0.94 (0.32–2.68) | 0.58 (0.18–1.81) | 0.48 (0.14–1.51) | 0.04 |
AS | ||||||
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.70 (0.22–2.08) | 0.60 (0.20–1.70) | 0.53 (0.16–1.66) | 0.35 (0.10–1.11) | 0.07 |
Physical activity |
P value for interaction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Do not exercise | Exercise but not regularly | Exercise regularly | ||||
And never think about doing so | But intend to start | Try to exercise | ||||
Men | 0.44 | |||||
No. of subjects | 4 | 9 | 19 | 17 | 17 | |
No. of subjects with higher SPSI-R | 1 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 15 | |
Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 3.75 (0.33–93.82) | 3.33 (0.35–74.36) | 4.29 (0.44–97.14) | 22.50 (1.92–618.34) | |
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 3.85 (0.29–107.39) | 3.13 (0.32–71.85) | 3.58 (0.35–83.98) | 20.60 (1.68–583.23) | |
Women | ||||||
No. of subjects | 16 | 34 | 36 | 18 | 15 | |
No. of subjects with higher SPSI-R | 5 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 9 | |
Crude OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.74 (0.51–6.52) | 1.24 (0.36–4.67) | 2.75 (0.69–11.99) | 3.30 (0.78–15.54) | |
Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.54 (0.44–5.91) | 1.36 (0.39–5.23) | 3.22 (0.79–14.62) | 3.85 (0.88–18.85) |