Background
Methods
Study population
Date collection and variables
Outcomes measured
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristic | Participants without DM | Participants with DM | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | |
APG <144 mg/dL
n = 470 | APG ≥144 mg/dL
n = 184 | APG < 180 mg/dL
n = 133 | APG ≥180 mg/dL
n = 103 | |
Age (years) | 61.0 ± 10.8 | 62.3 ± 11.9 | 62.9 ± 10.6 | 63.1 ± 11.6 |
Female (%) | 87 (18.5)§
| 39 (21.2)§
| 44 (33.1)*#
| 38 (36.9)*#
|
Hypertension (%) | 249 (53.0)§
| 102 (55.4)§
| 98 (73.7)*#
| 70 (68.0)*#
|
Hyperlipidemia (%) | 93 (19.8) | 42 (22.8) | 36 (27.1) | 31 (30.1)* |
Smoking (%) | 273 (58.1)§
| 104 (56.5)§
| 56 (42.1)*#
| 45 (43.7)*#
|
Prior MI (%) | 54 (11.5) | 25 (13.6) | 19 (14.3) | 15 (14.6) |
Prior PCI (%) | 40 (8.5)§
| 24 (13)§
| 30 (22.6)*#
| 10 (9.7)§
|
Prior CABG (%) | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Killip class 3–4 (%) | 28 (6.0)#
| 23 (12.5)* | 14 (10.5) | 17 (16.5)* |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.87 ± 0.21 | 0.87 ± 0.16 | 0.91 ± 0.24* | 0.93 ± 0.29*#
|
LVEF ≤ 40% (%) | 26 (5.5) | 18 (9.8) | 7 (5.3) | 12 (11.7)* |
TC (mg/dL) | 162.6 ± 40.4 | 164.1 ± 40.2 | 160.0 ± 41.1 | 160.0 ± 44.5 |
TG (mg/dL) | 139.5 ± 61.3 | 140.9 ± 66.4 | 141.5 ± 71.4 | 142.1 ± 65.1 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 40.5 ± 11.8 | 39.0 ± 9.5 | 38.5 ± 12.5 | 39.8 ± 11.8 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 98.6 ± 35.1 | 99.7 ± 33.8 | 92.3 ± 37.6 | 92.4 ± 39.0 |
Triple vessel disease or LM (%) | 196 (41.7)§
| 90 (48.9)§
| 82 (61.7)*#
| 66 (64.1)*#
|
Number of vessels treated | 1.45 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.57 ± 0.7 | 1.54 ± 0.7 |
Number of stents implanted | 2.17 ± 1.3 | 2.33 ± 1.2 | 2.14 ± 1.3 | 2.25 ± 1.0 |
LAD culprit lesion (%) | 203 (43.2) | 91 (49.5)§
| 44 (33.1)*#
| 41 (39.8) |
TIMI 0/1flow pre‐PCI (%) | 153 (32.6) | 52 (28.3)§
| 67 (50.4)*#
| 32 (31.1)§
|
Medication during hospitalization | ||||
Aspirin | 467 (99.4) | 182 (98.9) | 132 (99.2) | 102 (99.0) |
Ticlopidine and clopidogrel | 467 (99.4) | 467 (99.4) | 132 (99.2) | 102 (99.0) |
Beta-blockers | 407 (86.6) | 146 (79.3) | 116 (87.2) | 84 (82.4) |
ACEI and ARB | 391 (83.2) | 157 (85.3) | 116 (87.2) | 95 (92.2) |
Statins | 468 (99.6) | 181 (98.4) | 132 (99.2) | 100 (98) |
CCB | 45 (9.6) | 22 (12.0) | 13 (12.6) | 13 (10.4) |
Oral hypoglycemic agent | 0 (0)#
§
| 6 (3.3)*§
| 112 (84.2)*#
| 87 (84.5)*#
|
Insulin | 0 (0)#
§
| 2 (1.1)*§
| 15 (11.3)*#
| 20 (19.4)*#
|
Medication at discharge, n (%) | 453 | 164 | 120 | 83 |
Aspirin | 418 (92.3) | 151 (92.1) | 112 (93.3) | 81 (97.6) |
Ticlopidine and clopidogrel | 56 (12.4) | 18 (11.0) | 13 (10.8) | 11 (13.3) |
Beta-blockers | 254 (56.1) | 108 (65.9) | 76 (63.3) | 50 (60.2) |
ACEI and ARB | 225 (49.7) | 85 (51.8) | 76 (63.3) | 46 (55.4) |
Statins | 387 (85.4) | 141 (86.0) | 101 (84.2) | 72 (86.7) |
CCB | 65 (14.3) | 27 (16.5) | 26 (21.7) | 17 (20.5) |
Influence of admission hyperglycemia on short-term MACEs
Variable Description | Participants without diabetes mellitus | Participants with diabetes mellitus | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Group1 | Group 2 | Group3 | Group 4 | |
APG < 44 mg/dL
n = 470 | APG ≥144 mg/dL
n = 184 | APG < 180 mg/dL
n = 133 | APG ≥180 mg/dL
n = 103 | |
30-day outcomes (%) | ||||
Death, all-cause | 2 (0.4)*§
+
| 7 (3.8)*§
+
| 3 (2.3)#
§
+
| 9 (8.7)#
§
+
|
Cardiac | 2 (0.4)*§
+
| 6 (3.3)*§
+
| 2 (1.5)#
§
+
| 8 (7.8)#
§
+
|
Non-cardiac | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.0) |
Reinfarction | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.0) |
HF required hospital admission | 3 (0.6)*§
+
| 5 (2.7)*§
+
| 2 (1.5)#
§
+
| 6 (5.8)#
§
+
|
Ischemic TVR | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Stroke | 0 (0.0)*§
| 2 (1.1)*§
| 1 (0.8)§
| 1 (1.0)§
|
3-year outcomes (%) | ||||
Death, all-cause | 17 (3.6)*§
+
| 20 (10.9)*§+ | 13 (9.8)#
§
+
| 20 (19.4)#
§
+
|
Cardiac | 14 (3.0)*§
+
| 17 (9.2)*§
+
| 12 (9.0)#
§
+
| 19 (18.4)#
§
+
|
Non-cardiac | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.0) |
Reinfarction | 5 (1.1)*§
+
| 8 (4.3)*§
+
| 5 (3.8)§
+
| 9 (8.7)§
+
|
HF required hospital admission | 16 (3.4)*§
+
| 22 (12.0)*§
+
| 15 (11.3)§
+
| 18 (17.5)§
+
|
Ischemic TVR | 3 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.9) |
Stroke | 4 (0.9)§
+
| 5 (2.7)§
+
| 2 (1.5)§
+
| 5 (4.9)§
+
|
Influence of admission hyperglycemia on long-term MACEs
Survival analysis
Optimal cut-off values
Variable | B | Adjusted HR [95%CI] |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
30-day MACE | ||||
All patients | APG | 0.016 | 1.016 [1.012, 1.020] | <0.001 |
Creatinine | 1.243 | 3.466 [1.121,10.716] | 0.031 | |
Age | 0.33 | 1.034 [1.004,1.065] | 0.028 | |
Prior MI | 1.442 | 4.229 [2.314,7.731] | <0.001 | |
Patients without DM | APG | 0.017 | 1.018 [1.009,1.027] | <0.001 |
Prior MI | 1.714 | 5.552 [2.211, 13.940] | <0.001 | |
Age | 0.046 | 1.047 [1.004,1.092] | 0.032 | |
Patients with DM | APG | 0.014 | 1.014 [1.008,1.020] | <0.001 |
Prior MI | 1.338 | 3.813 [1.648,8.819] | 0.002 | |
Killip class 3-4 | 1.186 | 3.273 [1.299,8.246] | 0.012 | |
Prior PCI or CABG | 1.728 | 5.628 [2.285,13.857] | <0.001 | |
3-year MACEs | ||||
All patients | APG | 0.013 | 1.013 [1.010,1.015] | <0.001 |
LVEF | −0.20 | 0.980 [0.967,0.994] | 0.004 | |
Triple vessel disease or LM | 0.452 | 1.572 [1.149,2.151] | 0.005 | |
Beta-blockers | −0.417 | 0.659 [0.465,0.935] | 0.019 | |
Prior MI | 0.558 | 1.748 [1.212,2.520] | 0.003 | |
Age | 0.014 | 1.014 [1.000,1.028] | 0.043 | |
Patients without DM | APG | 0.017 | 1.017 [1.013,1.021] | <0.001 |
LVEF | −0.029 | 0.972 [0.954,0.990] | 0.002 | |
Triple vessel disease or LM | 0.815 | 2.259 [1.493,3.420] | <0.001 | |
Hypertension | 0.480 | 1.617 [1.068,2.448] | 0.023 | |
Patients with DM | APG | 0.009 | 1.009 [1.006,1.013] | <0.001 |
Prior MI | 1.017 | 2.765 [1.690,4.525] | <0.001 | |
Killip class 3-4 | 0.637 | 1.891 [1.090,3.282] | 0.024 | |
Creatinine | 0.961 | 2.614 [1.279,5.341] | 0.008 |