Background
Methods
Study design and patient enrollment
Data analysis and statistics
Results
Variable | PMI patients |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
+ | - | ||
N
| 303 | 1430 | |
Age, y.o | 64.5 ± 10.6 | 64.5 ± 11.5 | 0.53 |
Male, n
| 272 (89.8%) | 1076 (79.82%) | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2
| 24.4 ± 3.4 | 24.35 ± 3.5 | 0.81 |
HTN, n
| 225 (74.3%) | 1042 (72.9%) | 0.62 |
DM, n
| 144 (47.5%) | 536 (37.5%) | <0.01 |
DL, n
| 245 (80.9%) | 975 (68.2%) | <0.001 |
Smoking, n
| 155 (51.2%) | 626 (43.8%) | 0.02 |
FH, n
| 70 (23.1%) | 251 (17.6%) | 0.02 |
eGFRa, ml/min/1.73 m2
| 67.1 ± 19.2 | 69.01 ± 17.3 | 0.95 |
LDL, mg/dL | 104.1 ± 29.5 | 112.4 ± 30.5 | <0.001 |
TGL, mg/dL | 147.3 ± 87.8 | 146.7 ± 97.2 | 0.53 |
HbA1cb, % | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 0.06 |
UAc, mg/dL | 6.1 ± 1.4 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 0.97 |
BNPd, pg/mL | 85.1 ± 156.3 | 49.1 ± 73.3 | <0.001 |
hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.23 ± 0.6 | 0.26 ± 0.8 | 0.63 |
Statin, n
| 216 (71.3%) | 704 (49.2%) | <0.001 |
BB, n
| 141 (46.5%) | 528 (36.9%) | <0.01 |
ARB or ACEi, n
| 185 (61.1%) | 694 (48.5%) | <0.001 |
EPA, μg/mL | 68.6 ± 36.4 | 74.96 ± 45.41 | 0.02 |
DHA, μg/mL | 135.6 ± 49.1 | 145.1 ± 53.4 | <0.01 |
AA, μg/mL | 154.4 ± 38.4 | 158.1 ± 51.6 | 0.25 |
DHLA, μg/mL | 32.8 ± 11.8 | 33.3 ± 12.4 | 0.49 |
EPA/AA | 0.47 ± 0.3 | 0.50 ± 0.3 | 0.08 |
DHA/AA | 0.91 ± 0.3 | 0.96 ± 0.4 | 0.03 |
EPA + DHA/AA + DHLA | 1.14 ± 0.5 | 1.19 ± 0.5 | 0.07 |
OR | 95% CI | VIF |
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 3.36 | −1.72 | −0.75 | 1.13 | <0.0001 |
Age | 0.99 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 1.43 | 0.65 |
HTN | 1.03 | −0.32 | 0.37 | 1.06 | 0.85 |
DM | 1.40 | −0.64 | −0.03 | 1.10 | 0.03 |
DL | 2.18 | −1.16 | −0.42 | 1.06 | <0.0001 |
Smoking | 1.02 | −0.33 | 0.29 | 1.13 | 0.88 |
BMI | 1.01 | −0.04 | 0.06 | 1.13 | 0.67 |
FH | 1.46 | −0.74 | −0.001 | 1.03 | 0.04 |
eGFR | 1.00 | −0.004 | 0.01 | 1.19 | 0.24 |
EPA + DHA/AA + DHLA | 1.47 | 0.07 | 0.72 | 1.09 | 0.02 |
hs-CRP | 1.09 | −0.12 | 0.34 | 1.03 | 0.45 |
HTN | DL | DM | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMI + | PMI- |
P value | PMI+ | PMI- |
P value | PMI+ | PMI- |
P value | |
n
| 225 | 1039 | 245 | 973 | 144 | 533 | |||
Age, y.o | 65.0 ± 10.5 | 65.7 ± 10.8 | 0.35 | 63.7 ± 10.5 | 64.6 ± 10.9 | 0.4 | 64.9 ± 10.1 | 66.8 ± 10.1 | <0.05 |
Male, n
| 201 (89.3%) | 774 (74.5%) | <0.001 | 217 (88.6%) | 731 (75.1%) | <0.0001 | 125 (86.8%) | 433 (80.9%) | 0.11 |
BMI, kg/m2
| 24.8 ± 3.4 | 24.7 ± 3.6 | 0.58 | 24.9 ± 3.5 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 0.45 | 24.4 ± 3.3 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 0.25 |
HTN, n
| - | - | 188 (76.7%) | 730 (75.0%) | 0.62 | 110 (76.4%) | 417 (77.9%) | 0.74 | |
DM, n
| 188 (83.6%) | 730 (70.3%) | <0.001 | - | - | 118 (81.9%) | 410 (76.6%) | 0.21 | |
DL, n
| 110 (48.9%) | 417 (40.1%) | 0.02 | 118 (48.2%) | 410 (42.1%) | 0.1 | - | - | |
Smoking, n
| 106 (47.1%) | 448 (43.1%) | 0.3 | 117 (47.8%) | 454 (46.7%) | 0.77 | 72 (50.0%) | 268 (50.1%) | 0.98 |
FH, n
| 56 (24.9%) | 186 (17.9%) | 0.016 | 54 (22.0%) | 188 (19.3%) | 0.37 | 36 (25.0%) | 117 (21.9%) | 0.43 |
eGFRa, ml/min/1.73 m2
| 66.5 ± 18.2 | 67.4 ± 17.6 | 0.49 | 66.9 ± 19.5 | 68.3 ± 17.1 | 0.32 | 69.5 ± 19.9 | 68.3 ± 18.6 | 0.54 |
LDL, mg/dL | 101.4 ± 28.7 | 110.8 ± 29.7 | <0.0001 | 103.3 ± 30.2 | 114.0 ± 32.3 | <0.0001 | 103.3 ± 30.3 | 110.3 ± 29.4 | 0.02 |
TGL, mg/dL | 151.7 ± 94.9 | 148.8 ± 89.6 | 0.69 | 154.6 ± 93.4 | 158.7 ± 103.4 | 0.61 | 155.3 ± 107.5 | 151.9 ± 89.2 | 0.72 |
HbA1cb, % | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 0.12 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 0.34 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 0.76 |
UAc, mg/dL | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 0.11 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 0.11 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 0.37 |
BNPd, pg/mL | 78.9 ± 119.3 | 49.8 ± 69.1 | <0.01 | 83.9 ± 165.8 | 42.9 ± 54.2 | <0.001 | 75.0 ± 133.2 | 54.4 ± 65.7 | 0.16 |
hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.26 ± 0.64 | 0.23 ± 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.21 ± 0.54 | 0.25 ± 0.73 | 0.56 | 0.31 ± 0.73 | 0.30 ± 0.91 | 0.87 |
Statin, n
| 167 (74.2%) | 551 (53.0%) | <0.001 | 194 (79.2%) | 633 (65.1%) | <0.001 | 111 (77.1%) | 314 (58.7%) | <0.0001 |
BB, n
| 113 (50.2%) | 443 (42.6%) | 0.04 | 118 (48.2%) | 376 (38.7%) | <0.01 | 74 (51.4%) | 235 (43.9%) | 0.13 |
ARBor ACEi, n
| 158 (70.2%) | 628 (60.4%) | <0.01 | 157 (64.1%) | 479 (49.2%) | <0.0001 | 96 (66.7%) | 281 (52.5%) | <0.01 |
EPA, μg/mL | 69.3 ± 36.5 | 75.1 ± 43.0 | 0.06 | 68.4 ± 36.2 | 76.4 ± 44.6 | <0.01 | 64.8 ± 33.1 | 75.5 ± 40.6 | <0.005 |
DHA, μg/mL | 135.8 ± 47.8 | 145.8 ± 51.4 | <0.01 | 136.3 ± 49.8 | 149 ± 54.3 | <0.001 | 128.9 ± 41.1 | 143.1 ± 50.4 | <0.005 |
AA, μg/mL | 153.4 ± 38.3 | 156.2 ± 40.8 | 0.35 | 157.4 ± 39.1 | 162.7 ± 43.0 | 0.08 | 154.4 ± 39.9 | 154.1 ± 41.3 | 0.75 |
DHLA, μg/mL | 32.3 ± 11.9 | 33.5 ± 12.5 | 0.22 | 33.7 ± 11.9 | 34.9 ± 12.6 | 0.16 | 32.5 ± 11.6 | 33.5 ± 12.7 | 0.43 |
EPA/AA | 0.47 ± 0.27 | 0.50 ± 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.46 ± 0.28 | 0.49 ± 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.45 ± 0.26 | 0.52 ± 0.29 | <0.01 |
DHA/AA | 0.92 ± 0.35 | 0.97 ± 0.35 | 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.36 | 0.95 ± 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.32 | 0.97 ± 0.33 | <0.005 |
EPA + DHA/AA + DHLA | 1.15 ± 0.03 | 1.22 ± 0.02 | 0.88 | 1.13 ± 0.49 | 1.19 ± 0.49 | 0.08 | 1.09 ± 0.44 | 1.22 ± 0.49 | <0.005 |
Statin use |
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|
- | + | ||
N
| 813 | 920 | |
EPA, μg/mL | 73.0 ± 43.9 | 74.6 ± 44.1 | 0.46 |
DHA, μg/mL | 146.8 ± 57.4 | 140.5 ± 48.1 | <0.05 |
AA, μg/mL | 154.2 ± 57.6 | 160.3 ± 40.9 | <0.01 |
DHLA, μg/mL | 32.2 ± 12.8 | 34.1 ± 11.8 | <0.05 |
EPA/AA | 0.50 ± 0.30 | 0.49 ± 0.31 | 0.6 |
DHA/AA | 0.99 ± 0.44 | 0.91 ± 0.32 | <0.0001 |
Estimated value | 95% CI | VIF |
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 0.050 | −0.02 | 0.12 | 1.15 | 0.16 |
Age | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 1.44 | 0.007 |
HTN | 0.026 | −0.03 | 0.09 | 1.07 | 0.39 |
DL | 0.011 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 1.31 | 0.75 |
Smoking | −0.016 | −0.07 | 0.04 | 1.13 | 0.54 |
BMI | −0.006 | −0.01 | 0.001 | 1.27 | 0.10 |
FH | 0.036 | −0.03 | 0.10 | 1.03 | 0.28 |
PMI | 0.042 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 1.07 | 0.008 |
eGFR | 0.001 | −0.0003 | 0.003 | 1.19 | 0.13 |
Statin use | −0.059 | −0.12 | 0.002 | 1.29 | 0.06 |
hs-CRP | −0.024 | −0.05 | 0.003 | 1.03 | 0.08 |
Estimated value | 95% CI | VIF |
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 0.014 | −0.07 | 0.09 | 1.15 | 0.73 |
Age | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 1.44 | 0.0005 |
HTN | 0.023 | −0.05 | 0.09 | 1.07 | 0.50 |
DL | 0.062 | −0.02 | 0.14 | 1.31 | 0.13 |
Smoking | 0.043 | −0.02 | 0.11 | 1.13 | 0.17 |
BMI | −0.005 | −0.01 | 0.004 | 1.27 | 0.28 |
FH | 0.039 | −0.04 | 0.11 | 1.03 | 0.30 |
PMI | 0.037 | 0.002 | 0.07 | 1.07 | 0.03 |
eGFR | 0.0003 | −0.001 | 0.002 | 1.19 | 0.69 |
Statin use | −0.178 | −0.25 | −0.11 | 1.29 | <0.0001 |
hs-CRP | −0.027 | −0.06 | 0.003 | 1.03 | 0.08 |