Background
Methods
Data sources
Data extraction
Inclusion criteria
Statistical analyses
Results
Asthmatic patient | Non-asthmatic patient | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | |
Antibiotics
| |||||
France | |||||
Patients | 1147 (37.1) | 1946 (62.9) | 190641 (29.1) | 465037 (70.1) | 1.43 (1.33-1.54) |
[13-17] | 169 (14.7) | 316 (16.2) | 24249 (12.7) | 69162 (14.9) | |
[18-29] | 433 (37.7) | 784 (40.3) | 81854 (42.9) | 211543 (45.5) | |
[30-40] | 545 (47.5) | 846 (43.5) | 84538 (44.3) | 184332 (39.6) | |
Italy | |||||
Patients | 1634 (42.1) | 2244 (57.9) | 96406 (36.2) | 169550 (63.8) | 1.28 (1.20-1.37) |
[13–17] | 180 (11.0) | 238 (10.6) | 10990 (11.4) | 20334 (12.0) | |
[18–29] | 528 (32.3) | 839 (37.4) | 37915 (39.3) | 65213 (38.5) | |
[30–40] | 926 (56.7) | 1167 (52.0) | 47501 (49.3) | 84003 (49.5) | |
Anxiolytics/Hypnotics
| |||||
France | |||||
Patients | 551 (17.8) | 2542 (82.2) | 62003 (9.5) | 593675 (90.5) | 2.08 (1.90-2.29) |
[13–17] | 28 (5.1) | 457 (18.0) | 3010 (4.9) | 90401 (15.2) | |
[18–29] | 185 (33.6) | 1032 (40.6) | 24513 (39.5) | 268884 (45.3) | |
[30–40] | 338 (61.3) | 1053 (41.4) | 34480 (55.6) | 234390 (39.5) | |
Italy | |||||
Patients | 267 (6.9) | 3611 (93.1) | 8454 (3.2) | 257502 (96.8) | 2.19 (1.93-2.48) |
[13–17] | 9 (3.4) | 409 (11.3) | 179 (2.1) | 31145 (12.1) | |
[18–29] | 56 (21.0) | 1311 (36.3) | 2393 (28.3) | 100735 (39.1) | |
[30–40] | 202 (75.6) | 1891 (52.4) | 5882 (69.6) | 125622 (48.8) |
Prescription of antibiotics
France | Italy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | P-value | Yes | No | P-value | |
Patients
| 1147 (37.1) | 1946 (62.9) | 1634 (42.1) | 2244 (57.9) | ||
Age (yrs.)
| ||||||
[13–17] | 169 (14.7) | 316 (16.2) | 0.09 | 180 (11.0) | 238 (10.6) | <0.01 |
[18–29] | 433 (37.7) | 784 (40.3) | 528 (32.3) | 839 (37.4) | ||
[30–40] | 545 (47.5) | 846 (43.5) | 926 (56.7) | 1167 (52.0) | ||
Sex
| ||||||
Female | 686 (59.8) | 852 (43.8) | <0.0001 | 902 (55.2) | 983 (43.9) | <0.0001 |
Male | 461 (40.2) | 1094 (56.2) | 731 (44.8) | 1256 (56.1) | ||
Nasal preparations prescription*
| ||||||
No | 293 (25.5) | 1055 (54.2) | <0.001 | 1428 (87.4) | 2007 (89.4) | <0.05 |
Yes | 854 (74.5) | 891 (45.8) | 206 (12.6) | 237 (10.6) | ||
Antidepressants prescription*
| ||||||
No | 1038 (90.5) | 1831 (94.1) | <0.001 | 1503 (92.0) | 2112 (94.1) | <0.05 |
Yes | 109 (9.5) | 115 (5.9) | 131 (8.0) | 132 (5.9) |
Prescription of anxiolytics/hypnotics
France | Italy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | P-value | Yes | No | P-value | |
Patients
| 551 (17.8) | 2542 (82.2) | 267 (6.9) | 3611 (93.1) | ||
Age (yrs.)
| ||||||
[13–17] | 28 (5.1) | 457 (18.0) | <0.0001 | 9 (3.4) | 409 (11.3) | <0.0001 |
[18–29] | 185 (33.6) | 1032 (40.6) | 56 (21.0) | 1311 (36.3) | ||
[30–40] | 338 (61.3) | 1053 (41.4) | 202 (75.6) | 1891 (52.4) | ||
Sex
| ||||||
Female | 359 (65.15) | 1179 (46.4) | 186 (69.7) | 1699 (47.1) | ||
Male | 192 (34.8) | 1363 (53.6) | <0.0001 | 81 (30.3) | 1906 (52.9) | <0.0001 |
Nasal preparations*
| ||||||
No | 222 (40.3) | 1126 (44.3) | 0.09 | 237 (88.8) | 3198 (88.6) | 0.92 |
Yes | 329 (59.7) | 1416 (55.7) | 30 (11.2) | 413 (11.4) | ||
Prescription of antidepressants*
| ||||||
No | 401 (72.8) | 2468 (97.1) | <0.0001 | 169 (63.3) | 3446 (95.4) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 150 (27.2) | 74 (2.9) | 98 (36.7) | 165 (4.6) |
Model 1 Prescription of at least one antibiotic in 2008 (n = 6965) | Model 2 Prescription of at least one anxiolytic/hypnotic in 2008 (n = 6965) | |
---|---|---|
Factors
| ||
France (vs. Italy) | 0.76 (0.66- 0.87) | 5.00 (3.45-5.26) |
Age [18–29] (vs. [13–17]) | 0.98 (0.83-1.16) | 1.92 (1.33-2.76) |
Age [30–40] (vs. [13–17]) | 1.10 (0.93-1.30) | 3.31 (2.33-4.72) |
Female (vs. Male) | 1.48 (1.34-1.65) | 1.81 (1.53-2.14) |
Nasal preparations* | 1.99 (1.75-2.27) | 0.98 (0.81-1.19) |
Antidepressants* | 1.22 (1.00-1.49) | 9.56 (7.69-11.89) |