Background
Methods
Statistical analyses
Results
Incidence rates allover and by sex and age
Total | Females | Males | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of BSI |
n
| Observed BSI ratea
(95% C.I.) | Age and sex standar- dized rateb
|
n
| Observed BSI ratea
(95% CI) | Age standar-dized rate c
|
n
| Observed BSI ratea
(95% CI) | Age standar-dizedrate d
|
All BSIs | 1995 | 232 (222–242) | 215 | 961 | 221 (208–236) | 209 | 1034 | 242 (228–258) | 222 |
Agee
| |||||||||
16–64 years | 578 | 84 (78–92) | 82 | 284 | 84 (75–94) | 83 | 294 | 84 (75–95) | 82 |
65–79 years | 692 | 564 (523–607) | 555 | 306 | 477 (425–534) | 473 | 386 | 658 (594–727) | 646 |
≥80 years | 725 | 1379 (1280–1483) | 1373 | 371 | 1122 (1011–1242) | 1126 | 354 | 1813 (1629–2012) | 1826 |
Place of acquisition | |||||||||
CA-BSI | 934 | 109 (102–116) | 102 | 502 | 116 (106–126) | 110 | 432 | 101 (92–111) | 94 |
HCA-BSI | 787 | 91 (85–98) | 85 | 356 | 82 (74–91) | 78 | 431 | 101 (92–111) | 91 |
HA-BSI | 274 | 32 (28–36) | 30 | 103 | 24 (19–29) | 23 | 171 | 40 (34–47) | 37 |
Infection focus | |||||||||
Urinary tract | 752 | 87 (81–94) | 81 | 429 | 99 (90–109) | 94 | 323 | 76 (68–84) | 68 |
Lungs | 331 | 38 (34–43) | 36 | 142 | 33 (28–39) | 31 | 189 | 44 (38–51) | 41 |
Biliary tract | 220 | 26 (22–29) | 24 | 93 | 21 (17–26) | 21 | 127 | 30 (25–35) | 27 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 101 | 12 (10–14) | 11 | 44 | 10 (7–14) | 9.8 | 57 | 13 (10–17) | 13 |
Skin or soft tissue | 143 | 17 (14–20) | 16 | 61 | 14 (11–18) | 13 | 82 | 19 (15–24) | 18 |
Other | 247 | 29 (25–33) | 27 | 104 | 24 (20–29) | 23 | 143 | 34 (28–39) | 31 |
Unknown | 201 | 23 (20–27) | 22 | 88 | 20 (16–25) | 19 | 113 | 26 (22–32) | 24 |
Microbe group | |||||||||
Gram-negative BSI | 1133 | 132 (124–140) | 123 | 616 | 142 (131–154) | 135 | 517 | 121 (111–132) | 110 |
Gram-positive BSI | 777 | 90 (84 to 97) | 85 | 310 | 71 (64–80) | 68 | 467 | 109 (100–120) | 101 |
Polymicrobial or fungal BSI | 85 | 10 (8–12) | 9 | 35 | 8 (6–11) | 8 | 50 | 12 (8–15) | 11 |
Microbes (the four most common) | |||||||||
Escherichia coli
| 686 | 80 (74–86) | 74 | 421 | 97 (88–107) | 93 | 265 | 62 (55–70) | 56 |
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
| 226 | 26 (23–30) | 25 | 109 | 25 (21–30) | 24 | 117 | 27 (23–33) | 25 |
Staphylococcus
aureus
| 218 | 25 (22–29) | 24 | 75 | 17 (14–22) | 16 | 143 | 34 (28–39) | 31 |
Klebsiella spp.
| 134 | 16 (13–18) | 14 | 65 | 15 (12–19) | 14 | 69 | 16 (13–20) | 15 |
Place of acquisition
Site of infection
Microbes
Time trends in incidence
2002–2007 | 2008–2013 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of BSI |
n
| Observed incidence ratea
(95% CI) | Age and sex standardized incidence rateb
|
n
| Observed incidence ratea
(95% CI) | Age and sex standardized incidence rateb
|
All BSIs | 921 | 221(206–235) | 205 | 1074 | 242 (228–257) | 223 |
Place of acquisition | ||||||
CA-BSI | 471 | 113 (103–123) | 106 | 463 | 105 (95–115) | 98 |
HCA-BSI | 316 | 76 (68–84) | 72 | 471 | 106 (97–116) | 96 |
HA-BSI | 134 | 32 (27–38) | 30 | 140 | 32 (27–37) | 29 |
Infection focus | ||||||
Urinary tract | 316 | 76 (68–84) | 70 | 436 | 98 (89–108) | 90 |
Lungs | 169 | 40 (35–47) | 38 | 162 | 37 (31–43) | 34 |
Biliary tract | 106 | 25 (21–31) | 23 | 114 | 26 (21–31) | 23 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 47 | 11 (8–15) | 11 | 54 | 12 (9–16) | 12 |
Skin or soft tissue | 81 | 19 (15–24) | 18 | 62 | 14 (11–18) | 13 |
Other | 108 | 25 (21–31) | 24 | 139 | 31 (26–37) | 30 |
Unknown | 94 | 22 (18–28) | 21 | 107 | 24 (20–29) | 22 |
Microbe group | ||||||
Gram-negative BSI | 499 | 119 (109–130) | 111 | 634 | 143 (132–155) | 131 |
Gram-positive BSI | 386 | 92 (83–102) | 87 | 391 | 88 (80–97) | 81 |
Polymicrobial or fungal BSI | 36 | 9 (6–12) | 8 | 49 | 11 (8–15) | 10 |
Microbes (the four most common)c
| ||||||
Escherichia coli
| 303 | 73 (65–81) | 68 | 383 | 86 (78–96) | 79 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| 127 | 30 (25–36) | 29 | 99 | 22 (18–27) | 21 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| 100 | 24 (19–29 | 22 | 118 | 27 (22–32) | 25 |
Klebsiella spp.
| 47 | 11(8–15) | 10 | 88 | 20 (16–24) | 18 |
Females | Males | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
BSI rate ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | BSI rate ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | |
BSI, allover | 1.028 (1.010–1.047) | 0.003 | 1.011(0.993–1.029) | 0.22 |
Place of acquisition | ||||
Community acquired | 0.998 (0.973–1.024) | 0.88 | 0.976 (0.950–1.004) | 0.09 |
Health care-associated | 1.080 (1.047–1.114) | <0.001 | 1.053 (1.024–1.083) | <0.001 |
Hospital acquired | 1.009 (0.954–1.067) | 0.76 | 0.999 (0.956–1.043) | 0.96 |
Infection focus | ||||
Urinary tract | 1.056 (1.027–1.086) | <0.001 | 1.041 (1.008–1.075) | 0.013 |
Lungs | 1.021 (0.974–1.071) | 0.39 | 0.969 (0.930–1.010) | 0.14 |
Biliary tract | 1.017 (0.959–1.079) | 0.57 | 0.993 (0.944–1.045) | 0.80 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 1.017 (0.933–1.108) | 0.70 | 1.052 (0.975–1.136) | 0.19 |
Skin or soft tissue | 0.934 (0.868–1.005) | 0.069 | 0.979 (0.920–1.042) | 0.51 |
Other | 0.989 (0.935–1.045) | 0.69 | 1.040 (0.991–1.091) | 0.11 |
Unknown | 1.043 (0.981–1.109) | 0.17 | 0.987 (0.935–1.041) | 0.64 |
Microbe group | ||||
Gram-negative BSI | 1.043 (1.019–1.068) | <0.001 | 1.020 (0.995–1.046) | 0.12 |
Gram-positive BSI | 0.997 (0.966–1.030) | 0.87 | 0.993 (0.968–1.020) | 0.62 |
Polymicrobial or fungal BSI | 1.031 (0.936–1.135) | 0.54 | 1.095 (1.007–1.190) | 0.034 |
Microbes (the four most common) | ||||
Escherichia coli
| 1.044 (1.015–1.073) | 0.003 | 1.002 (0.967–1.037) | 0.92 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| 1.007 (0.954–1.063) | 0.80 | 0.908 (0.860–0.958) | <0.001 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| 0.988 (0.926–1.055) | 0.73 | 1.032 (0.984–1.082) | 0.20 |
Klebsiella spp.
| 1.136 (1.053–1.224) | 0.001 | 1.094 (1.020–1.175) | 0.012 |
BSI microbes with acquired drug resistance
BSI mortality
Total | Females | Males | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of BSI |
n
| Observed mortality ratea
(95% C.I.) | Age and sex standar-dized mortality rateb
|
n
| Observed mortality ratea(95% CI) | Age standar-dized ratec
|
n
| Observed mortality ratea
(95% CI) | Age standar-dized rated
|
All BSIs | 299 | 35 (31–39) | 32 | 127 | 29 (24–35) | 28 | 172 | 40 (35–47) | 36 |
Place of acquisition | |||||||||
CA-BSI | 85 | 10 (8–12) | 9 | 42 | 10 (7–13) | 9 | 43 | 10 (7–14) | 9 |
HCA-BSI | 163 | 19 (16–22) | 18 | 65 | 15 (12–19) | 14 | 98 | 23 (19–28) | 22 |
HA-BSI | 51 | 6 (4–8) | 6 | 20 | 5 (3–7) | 4 | 31 | 7 (5–10) | 7 |
Infection focus | |||||||||
Urinary tract | 63 | 7 (6–9) | 7 | 31 | 7 (5–10) | 7 | 32 | 8 (5–11) | 7 |
Lungs | 75 | 9 (7–11) | 8 | 25 | 6 (4–9) | 6 | 50 | 12 (9–15) | 11 |
Biliary tract | 15 | 2 (1–3) | 1 | 4 | 1 (0–2) | 0.4 | 11 | 3 (1–5) | 2 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 16 | 2 (1–3) | 2 | 8 | 2 (0–4) | 2 | 8 | 2 (0–3) | 2 |
Skin or soft tissue | 34 | 4 (3–6) | 4 | 12 | 3 (1–5) | 3 | 22 | 5 (3–8) | 5 |
Other | 28 | 3 (2–5) | 3 | 14 | 3 (2–5) | 3 | 14 | 3 (2–5) | 3 |
Unknown | 68 | 8 (6–10) | 7 | 33 | 8 (5–11) | 7 | 35 | 8 (6–11) | 8 |
Microbe group | |||||||||
Gram-negative BSI | 128 | 15 (12–18) | 14 | 64 | 15 (11–19) | 14 | 64 | 15 (12–19) | 14 |
Gram-positive BSI | 144 | 17 (14–20) | 15 | 48 | 11 (8–15) | 11 | 96 | 23 (18–27) | 20 |
Polymicrobial or fungal BSI | 27 | 3 (2–5) | 3 | 15 | 3 (2–6) | 3 | 12 | 3 (1–5) | 3 |
Microbes (the four most common) | |||||||||
Escherichia coli
| 59 | 7 (5–9) | 6 | 28 | 6 (4–9) | 6 | 31 | 7 (5–10) | 6 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| 31 | 4 (2–5) | 3 | 10 | 2 (1–4) | 2 | 21 | 5 (3–8) | 4 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| 60 | 7 (5–9) | 6 | 25 | 6 (4–9) | 5 | 35 | 8 (6–11) | 7 |
Klebsiella spp.
| 20 | 2 (1–4) | 2 | 12 | 3 (1–5) | 2 | 8 | 2 (0.7–4) | 2 |
2002–2007 | 2008–2013 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group of BSI |
n
| Observed mortality ratea
(95% CI) | Age and sex standardized mortality rateb
|
n
| Observed mortality ratea
(95% CI) | Age and sex standardized mortality rateb
|
All BSIs | 158 | 37 (32–44) | 35 | 141 | 32 (17–53) | 29 |
Place of acquisition | ||||||
CA-BSI | 50 | 12 (9–16) | 11.0 | 35 | 7.9 (5.5–11.0) | 7.1 |
HCA-BSI | 77 | 18 (15–23) | 17.0 | 86 | 19 (16–24) | 17.3 |
HA-BSI | 31 | 7 (5–11) | 7.0 | 20 | 4.5 (2.8–7.0) | 4.1 |
Infection focus | ||||||
Urinary tract | 28 | 7 (4–10) | 6.2 | 35 | 7.9 (5.5–11.0) | 7.0 |
Lungs | 47 | 11 (8–15) | 10.4 | 28 | 6.3 (4.2–9.1) | 5.7 |
Biliary tract | 7 | 1.7 (0.7–3.5) | 1.6 | 8 | 1.8 (0.78–3.6) | 1.5 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 11 | 2.6 (1.2–4.7) | 2.4 | 5 | 1.1 (0.37–2.6) | 1.0 |
Skin or soft tissue | 16 | 3.8 (2.2–6.2) | 3.5 | 18 | 4.1 (2.4–6.4) | 3.7 |
Other | 14 | 3.4 (1.8–5.6) | 3.0 | 14 | 3.2 (1.7–5.3) | 2.9 |
Unknown | 35 | 8 (6–12) | 7.8 | 33 | 7.5 (5.1–10.4) | 6.8 |
Microbe group | ||||||
Gram-negative BSI | 64 | 15 (12–20) | 14.4 | 64 | 14 (11–18) | 13.0 |
Gram-positive BSI | 81 | 19 (15–24) | 17.9 | 63 | 14 (11–18) | 12.7 |
Polymicrobial or fungal BSI | 13 | 3.1 (1.7–5.3) | 2.8 | 14 | 3.2 (1.7–5.3) | 2.8 |
Microbes (the four most common)c
| ||||||
Escherichia coli
| 31 | 7 (5–11) | 7.1 | 28 | 6.3 (4.2–9.1) | 5.7 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| 22 | 5 (3–8) | 4.8 | 9 | 2.1 (0.9–3.8) | 1.9 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| 30 | 7 (5–10) | 6.7 | 30 | 7 (5–10) | 6.1 |
Klebsiella spp.
| 8 | 1.7 (0.7–3.5) | 1.6 | 12 | 2.7 (1.4–4.7) | 2.4 |
Females | Males | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality rate ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | Mortality rate ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | |
BSI, all | 1.014 (0 .965–1.067) | 0.58 | 0.974 (0.933–1.017) | 0.23 |
Place of acquisition | ||||
Community acquired | 0.917 (0.838–1.002) | 0.056 | 0.979 (0.8980–1.068) | 0.64 |
Health care-associated | 1.074 (0.999–1.154) | 0.052 | 0.982 (0.928–1.039) | 0.53 |
Hospital acquired | 0.998 (0.882–1.129) | 0.97 | 0.915 (0.825–1.015) | 0.095 |
Infection focus | ||||
Urinary tract | 0.989 (0.893–1.095) | 0.83 | 1.114 (1.001–1.239) | 0.047 |
Lungs | 1.018 (0.908–1.140) | 0.76 | 0.910 (0.838–0.988) | 0.024 |
Biliary tract | 0.982 (0.740–1.303) | 0.90 | 1.030 (0.867–1.226) | 0.73 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 0.978 (0.800–1.195) | 0.83 | 0.891 (0.724–1.097) | 0.28 |
Skin or soft tissue | 1.007 (0.855–1.186) | 0.93 | 0.994 (0.880–1.122) | 0.92 |
Other | 0.913 (0.782–1.065) | 0.25 | 1.024 (0.879–1.193) | 0.76 |
Unknown | 1.086 (0.981–1.202) | 0.11 | 0.922 (0.836–1.017) | 0.10 |
Microbe group | ||||
Gram-negative BSI | 1.023 (0.953–1.098) | 0.53 | 1.011 (0.941–1.085) | 0.77 |
Gram-positive BSI | 0.999 (0.921–1.084) | 0.99 | 0.937 (0.884–0.993) | 0.027 |
Polymicrobial or fungal BSI | 0.952 (0.829–1.093) | 0.49 | 1.072 (0.911–1.260) | 0.40 |
Microbes (the four most common) | ||||
Escherichia coli
| 1.014 (0.911–1.129) | 0.79 | 0.957 (0.964–1.060) | 0.40 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
| 0.971 (0.812–1.161) | 0.75 | 0.850 (0.745–0.971) | 0.017 |
Staphylococcus aureus
| 0.985 (0.880–1.103) | 0.80 | 0.972 (0.882–1.070) | 0.56 |
Klebsiella spp.
| 1.169 (0.960–1.425) | 0.12 | 1.107 (0.916–1.338) | 0.29 |