Background
Methods
The UPBEAT trial
PA measurement
Statistical analysis
Ethics
Results
T0 | T1 | T2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16+0– 18+6 weeks’ gestation | 27+0– 28+6 weeks’ gestation | 35+0– 36+6 weeks’ gestation | ||||
≥3 days valid data (% consented) | 140 | (76.5) | 76 | (41.5) | 54 | (29.5) |
BMI at T0 (Kg/m2)1 | 33.8 | (31.9, 37.6) | 34.1 | (32.4, 37.1) | 35.6 | (33.4, 38.4)** |
Age (years) 1 | 32 | (26, 35) | 32 | (28, 35) | 33 | (28, 36)** |
Parity | ||||||
Nulliparous
| 62 | (45.9) | 26 | (34.7)* | 17 | (31.5)** |
Parous
| 73 | (54.1) | 49 | (65.3) | 37 | (68.5) |
Smoking status | ||||||
Current or ex-smoker
| 46 | (34.1) | 30 | (40.0) | 20 | (37.0) |
Never smoked
| 89 | (65.9) | 45 | (60.0) | 34 | (63.0) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
White
| 84 | (62.2) | 48 | (64.0) | 34 | (63.0) |
Black, Asian or other
| 51 | (37.8) | 27 | (36.0) | 20 | (37.0) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married/cohabiting
| 69 | (51.1) | 38 | (50.7) | 28 | (51.9) |
Single/divorced/separate
| 66 | (48.9) | 37 | (49.3) | 26 | (48.1) |
Educational achievement | ||||||
Degree or higher
| 62 | (45.9) | 35 | (46.7) | 26 | (48.1) |
No degree
| 73 | (54.1) | 40 | (53.3) | 28 | (51.9) |
Employment status | ||||||
Paid or self employment
| 92 | (68.7) | 50 | (66.7) | 40 | (74.1) |
Not in paid employment
| 42 | (31.3) | 25 | (33.3) | 14 | (25.9) |
Living accommodation | ||||||
Owned or private rented
| 76 | (54.3) | 48 | (63.2)* | 36 | (66.7)** |
Rented (council)
| 64 | (45.7) | 28 | (36.8) | 18 | (33.3) |
IMD quintile | ||||||
1 (least deprived) | 4 | (3.4) | 4 | (6.2) | 3 | (6.5) |
2 | 4 | (3.4) | 2 | (3.1) | 1 | (2.2) |
3 | 14 | (12.1) | 7 | (10.8) | 4 | (8.7) |
4 | 44 | (37.9) | 26 | (40.0) | 21 | (45.7) |
5 (most deprived) | 50 | (43.1) | 26 | (40.0) | 17 | (37.0) |
Weight gain2 | ||||||
Above IOM guideline
| 23 | (45.1) | ||||
Within or below IOM guideline
| 28 | (54.9) |
T0 | T1 | Change | T2 | Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 140) | (n = 76) | (T1-T0) | (n = 54) | (T2-T0) | |
Absolute values (min/day)
| |||||
SED
| 576.5 | 555.1 | −21.5* | 571.8 | −4.7* |
(510.6, 642.8) | (505.6, 635.3) | (507.5, 615.9) | |||
LPA
| 174.8 | 154.8 | −20.0* | 169.7 | −5.1 |
(140.3, 222.2) | (124.9, 191.7) | (142.7, 199.2) | |||
MVPA
| 39.0 | 34.5 | −4.5* | 23.3 | −15.7*ƚ |
(24.7, 51.9) | (23.9, 43.5) | (18.0, 38.0) | |||
ACTIVE
| 215.6 | 194.8 | −20.8* | 198.6 | −17.0* |
(168.2, 264.9) | (146.2, 228.3) | (163.4, 228.6) | |||
Proportion of time accelerometer worn
(% worn time)
| |||||
%SED
| 73.2 | 75.3 | 1.3 | 73.8 | 0.5 |
(68.5, 78.4) | (70.5, 80.5) | (−2.5, 5.8) | (70.6, 79.9) | (−2.2, 4.1) | |
%LPA
| 21.5 | 20.1 | −0.5 | 21.9 | 0.9 |
(17.6, 25.8) | (16.3, 25.5) | (−4.1, 1.9) | (17.8, 25.4) | (−2.7, 2.8) | |
%MVPA
| 4.8 | 4.3 | −0.4 | 3.0 | −1.1*ƚ |
(3.1, 6.3) | (2.9, 5.2) | (−1.3, 0.6) | (2.3, 4.6) | (−2.5, −0.3) | |
%ACTIVE
| 26.8 | 24.7 | −1.5 | 26.3 | −0.5 |
(21.6, 31.5) | (19.6, 29.5) | (−5.8, 2.7) | (20.1, 29.4) | (−4.1, 2.2) | |
Mean counts per minute (SD)
| 299 | 278 | - | 248* | - |
(114) | (119) | (93) |
T0 | T1 | T2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
Intervention status | ||||||
Intervention
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Control
| 0.89 | 0.46, 1.73 | 0.81 | 0.33, 1.99 | 0.86 | 0.30, 2.51 |
Body Mass Index (Kg/m2) | ||||||
30-34.9
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
35+
| 1.81 | 0.89, 3.66 | 0.85 | 0.34, 2.14 | 1.25 | 0.42, 3.70 |
Age (years) | ||||||
<35
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
≥35
| 0.78 | 0.37, 1.67 | 1.40 | 0.52, 3.77 | 0.53 | 0.17, 1.62 |
Parity | ||||||
Nulliparous
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Parous
|
2.73
|
1.36, 5.48
| 1.04 | 0.40, 2.70 | 1.19 | 0. 38, 3.75 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Current or ex-smoker
| 1.46 | 0.71, 2.98 | 1.20 | 0.47, 3.01 | 0.53 | 0.17, 1.62 |
Never smoked
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Ethnicity | ||||||
White
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Black, Asian or other
| 1.09 | 0.54, 2.19 |
3.96
|
1.44, 10.89
| 0.53 | 0.17, 1.62 |
Marital status | ||||||
Married/cohabiting
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Single/divorced/separate
| 0.72 | 0.37, 1.42 | 1.17 | 0.47, 2.90 | 1.00 | 0.34, 2.91 |
Educational achievement | ||||||
Degree or higher
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
No degree
|
4.03
|
1.96, 8.28
| 1.80 | 0.72, 4.51 | 1.82 | 0.62, 5.35 |
Employment status | ||||||
Paid or self employment
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Not in paid employment
| 1.46 | 0.70, 3.04 | 1.76 | 0.67, 4.67 | 2.20 | 0.63, 7.74 |
Living accommodation | ||||||
Owned or private rented
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Rented (council)
| 1.00 | 0.51, 1.95 | 1.00 | 0.39, 2.54 | 0.72 | 0.23, 2.23 |
IMD quintile | ||||||
1-4
| Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
5 (most deprived) | 1.53 | 0.73, 3.20 | 1.23 | 0.45, 3.32 | 1.05 | 0.32, 3.48 |
Baseline ACTIVE | ||||||
Below median
| - | Ref | Ref | |||
Above median
| - |
5.85
|
2.16, 15.86
|
5.95
|
1.80, 19.70
| |
28 week ACTIVE | ||||||
Below median
| - | - | Ref | |||
Above median
| - | - |
4.61
|
1.39, 15.24
|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention status | ||||
Intervention
| Ref | Ref | ||
Control
| 0.44 | 0.18, 1.12 | 1.57 | 0.53, 5.60 |
Body Mass Index (Kg/m2) | ||||
30-34.9
| Ref | Ref | ||
35+
| 1.25 | 0.49, 3.18 | 2.33 | 0.77, 7.09 |
Age (years) | ||||
<35
| Ref | Ref | ||
≥35
| 1.58 | 0.59, 4.27 | 1.38 | 0.54, 4.17 |
Parity | ||||
Nulliparous
| Ref | Ref | ||
Parous
| 1.17 | 0.45, 3.04 | 0.60 | 0.19, 1.90 |
Smoking status | ||||
Current or ex-smoker
| 1.37 | 0.54, 3.48 | 1.38 | 0.45, 4.17 |
Never smoked
| Ref | Ref | ||
Ethnicity | ||||
White
| Ref | Ref | ||
Black, Asian or other
| 1.48 | 0.57, 3.88 | 1.90 | 0.62, 5.83 |
Marital status | ||||
Married/cohabiting
| Ref | Ref | ||
Single/divorced/separate
| 0.47 | 0.18, 1.18 | 0.40 | 0.14, 1.21 |
Educational achievement | ||||
Degree or higher
| Ref | Ref | ||
No degree
| 1.94 | 0.77, 4.90 | 2.47 | 0.83, 7.39 |
Employment status | ||||
Paid or self employment
| Ref | Ref | ||
Not in paid employment
| 0.51 | 0.19, 1.38 | 1.00 | 0.30, 3.38 |
Living accommodation | ||||
Owned or private rented
| Ref | Ref | ||
Rented (council)
| 2.38 | 0.90, 6.27 | 1.96 | 0.62, 6.22 |
IMD quintile | ||||
1-4
| Ref | Ref | ||
5 (most deprived) | 0.73 | 0.27, 2.00 | 1.39 | 0.42, 4.60 |
Baseline ACTIVE | ||||
Below median
| Ref | Ref | ||
Above median
|
4.00
|
1.53, 10.46
|
4.16
|
1.31, 13.17
|
28 week ACTIVE | ||||
Below median
| - | Ref | ||
Above median
| - | 2.84 | 0.91, 8.86 |