Background
Methods
Study design and settings
Data collection
Study sample and variables
Ethical approval
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics | Maternal age group, years | Adjusted x
2, P
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤29 | 30–34 | ≥35 | |||||
(n = 702) | (n = 677) | (n = 368) | |||||
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | ||
Marital status | |||||||
Maried/cohabited | 661 | 94.4 | 665 | 98.5 | 358 | 97.3 | <0.001 |
Single | 39 | 5.6 | 10 | 1.5 | 10 | 2.7 | |
Number of antenatal care visits | |||||||
< =12 | 440 | 63.7 | 361 | 54.6 | 186 | 52.3 | <0.05 |
> 12 | 251 | 36.3 | 300 | 45.4 | 170 | 47.7 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
18.5 to 25.0 | 446 | 63.5 | 429 | 63.4 | 213 | 57.9 | 0.19 |
> 25 | 256 | 36.5 | 248 | 36.6 | 155 | 44.1 | |
Height | |||||||
< 1.5 m | 30 | 4.3 | 23 | 3.4 | 13 | 3.5 | 0.44 |
> 1.5 m | 672 | 95.7 | 654 | 96.6 | 355 | 96.5 | |
Pre-exiting medical conditionsa
| 98 | 14.0 | 102 | 15.1 | 94 | 26.5 | <0.001 |
Health institutional type | |||||||
Public | 312 | 44.4 | 239 | 35.3 | 130 | 35.3 | 0.23 |
Private | 390 | 55.6 | 438 | 64.7 | 238 | 64.7 |
Maternal age group, years | Adjusted x
2, P
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤29 | 30–34 | ≥35 | |||||
(n = 702) | (n = 677) | (n = 368) | |||||
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | ||
Maternal hypertensiona
| 30 | 4.3 | 41 | 6.1 | 44 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
PROM | 171 | 24.4 | 157 | 23.2 | 90 | 24.5 | 0.85 |
Fetal growth impairment | 17 | 2.4 | 13 | 1.9 | 10 | 2.7 | 0.68 |
Preterm birth (<37 weeks) | 32 | 4.5 | 35 | 5.2 | 32 | 8.7 | <0.05 |
Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 77 | 10.1 | 70 | 10.3 | 50 | 13.7 | 0.11 |
Instrumental vaginal delivery | 53 | 7.6 | 59 | 8.7 | 43 | 11.7 | 0.08 |
Elective CS | 29 | 4.1 | 46 | 6.8 | 38 | 10.3 | <0.01 |
Emergency antepartum CS | 16 | 2.3 | 25 | 3.7 | 24 | 6.5 | <0.05 |
Intrapartum CS | 44 | 6.3 | 47 | 6.9 | 36 | 9.8 | 0.20 |
CS Indications | Maternal age group, years | Adjusted x
2, P
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤29 | 30–34 | ≥35 | |||||
(n = 89) | (n = 118) | (n = 98) | |||||
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | ||
Pre-/eclampsia | 3 | 3.4 | 10 | 8.5 | 13 | 13.3 | 0.05 |
Suspected fetal growth impairment | 3 | 3.4 | 5 | 4.2 | 7 | 7.1 | 0.45 |
Fetal distress | 30 | 33.7 | 28 | 23.4 | 32 | 32.6 | 0.22 |
Dystocia | 20 | 22.5 | 40 | 33.9 | 17 | 17.4 | <0.05 |
Failed induction | 11 | 12.4 | 10 | 8.5 | 13 | 13.3 | 0.49 |
Breech/malpresentation | 31 | 34.8 | 29 | 24.6 | 29 | 29.6 | 0.27 |
Other maternal medical indications | 11 | 12.4 | 11 | 9.3 | 17 | 17.4 | 0.21 |
Other fetal indications | 4 | 4.5 | 10 | 8.5 | 1 | 1.0 | <0.05 |
Other obstetric indications | 14 | 15.7 | 17 | 14.4 | 26 | 26.5 | 0.05 |
Having 2 and more indications | 30 | 33.7 | 31 | 26.3 | 42 | 42.9 | <0.05 |
Maternal age, years | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤29 | 30–34 | ≥35 | |||||||
Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | ||||||
All CS | ref | 1.45 | (1.10–1.91)* | 1.40 | (1.02–1.92)* | 2.50 | (1.74–3.56)*** | 1.89 | (1.28–2.78)** |
Elective CS | ref | 1.69 | (1.11–2.55)* | 1.55 | (0.94–2.55) | 2.67 | (1.54–4.61)** | 1.70 | (0.88–3.30) |
Emergency antepartum CS | ref | 1.64 | (0.68–3.97) | 1.76 | (0.73–4.25) | 2.99 | (1.94–4.61)*** | 2.26 | (1.49–3.40)** |
Intrapartum CS | ref | 1.11 | (0.63–1.98) | 1.05 | (0.56–1.97) | 1.62 | (0.97–2.69) | 1.44 | (0.92–2.25) |