Background
Methods
Study design and data sources
Measure of median household income
Breast and colorectal cancer cases
Statistical analyses
Results
Trends in breast cancer incidence rates
Breast cancer: median household income quintiles | Counties | Casesa
| Populationb
| Crude incidence rate per 100,000 | Age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000c
| Early stage age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000c,d
| Late stage age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000c,d
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995–1999 | |||||||
Income Low < = $24,561 | 51 | 3,611 | 3,866,891 | 93.38 | 112.12 | 74.62 | 37.86 |
$24,561 < Income 2nd < = $27,991 | 51 | 4,746 | 3,799,073 | 124.93 | 133.27 | 88.80 | 44.36 |
$27,991 < Income 3rd < = $29,928 | 51 | 5,569 | 3,760,530 | 148.09 | 147.20 | 103.60 | 43.92 |
$29,928 < Income 4th < = $33,652 | 51 | 14,210 | 10,583,649 | 134.26 | 150.55 | 106.60 | 43.93 |
$33,652 < Income High < = $68,003 | 50 | 35,470 | 27,844,877 | 127.38 | 166.25 | 118.21 | 47.93 |
Total 1995–1999 | 254 | 63,606 | 49,855,020 | 127.58 | 153.87 | 108.32 | 45.56 |
2000–2003 | |||||||
Income Low < = $27,903 | 51 | 2,967 | 2,998,469 | 98.95 | 114.85 | 81.19 | 33.81 |
$27,903 < Income 2nd < = $30,837 | 51 | 4,310 | 3,575,541 | 120.54 | 131.13 | 89.05 | 41.98 |
$30,837 < Income 3rd < = $33,259 | 51 | 4,654 | 3,299,143 | 141.07 | 143.66 | 100.71 | 43.16 |
$33,259 < Income 4th < = $37,476 | 51 | 7,568 | 5,025,927 | 150.58 | 155.20 | 111.73 | 43.65 |
$37,476 < Income High < = $76,188 | 50 | 38,077 | 28,387,872 | 134.13 | 168.50 | 121.09 | 47.33 |
Total 2000–2003 | 254 | 57,576 | 43,286,952 | 133.01 | 157.58 | 112.52 | 45.05 |
2004–2007 | |||||||
Income Low < = $31,024 | 51 | 2,901 | 3,184,129 | 91.11 | 104.48 | 77.26 | 45.47 |
$31,024 < Income 2nd < = $34,102 | 51 | 4,209 | 3,846,869 | 109.41 | 118.38 | 82.69 | 51.54 |
$34,102 < Income 3rd < = $37,540 | 51 | 6,271 | 4,491,946 | 139.61 | 137.83 | 96.68 | 52.90 |
$37,540 < Income 4th < = $42,068 | 51 | 6,290 | 4,600,724 | 136.72 | 136.46 | 96.73 | 49.81 |
$42,068 < Income High < = $75,467 | 50 | 38,373 | 30,404,444 | 126.21 | 152.32 | 106.24 | 47.39 |
Total 2004–2007 | 254 | 58,044 | 46,528,112 | 124.75 | 142.81 | 100.50 | 48.52 |
2008–2011 | |||||||
Income Low < = $34,647 | 51 | 3,117 | 3,467,854 | 89.88 | 98.95 | 73.97 | 41.65 |
$34,647 < Income 2nd < = $38,040 | 51 | 5,041 | 4,502,366 | 111.96 | 119.40 | 87.47 | 45.37 |
$38,040 < Income 3rd < = $42,072 | 51 | 6,448 | 4,582,487 | 140.71 | 132.31 | 95.02 | 49.30 |
$42,072 < Income 4th < = $48,438 | 51 | 17,738 | 13,333,909 | 133.03 | 144.10 | 104.09 | 43.68 |
$48,438 < Income High < = $80,876 | 50 | 32,107 | 24,519,373 | 130.95 | 151.51 | 111.76 | 41.16 |
Total 2008–2011 | 254 | 64,451 | 50,405,989 | 127.86 | 141.07 | 103.59 | 43.08 |
Trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates
Colorectal cancer: median household income quintiles | Counties | Casesa
| Populationb
| Crude incidence rate per 100,000 | Age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000c
| Early stage age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000c,d
| Late stage age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000c,d
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995–1999 | |||||||
Income Low < = $24,561 | 51 | 2,613 | 7,519,132 | 34.75 | 44.41 | 24.58 | 30.72 |
$24,561 < Income 2nd < = $27,991 | 51 | 3,684 | 7,501,518 | 49.11 | 54.85 | 31.52 | 35.10 |
$27,991 < Income 3rd < = $29,928 | 51 | 4,491 | 7,507,206 | 59.82 | 61.25 | 35.68 | 37.63 |
$29,928 < Income 4th < = $33,652 | 51 | 10,311 | 20,848,852 | 49.46 | 60.50 | 30.93 | 32.53 |
$33,652 < Income High < = $68,003 | 50 | 21,738 | 55,378,453 | 39.25 | 61.48 | 29.92 | 32.49 |
Total 1995–1999 | 254 | 42,837 | 98,755,161 | 43.38 | 59.17 | 30.32 | 32.92 |
2000–2003 | |||||||
Income Low < = $27,903 | 51 | 2,327 | 5,906,663 | 39.40 | 48.68 | 28.46 | 31.80 |
$27,903 < Income 2nd < = $30,837 | 51 | 3,240 | 7,061,942 | 45.88 | 53.79 | 32.40 | 31.46 |
$30,837 < Income 3rd < = $33,259 | 51 | 3,584 | 6,640,631 | 53.97 | 57.95 | 33.09 | 35.15 |
$33,259 < Income 4th < = $37,476 | 51 | 5,695 | 9,934,760 | 57.32 | 61.86 | 35.11 | 31.87 |
$37,476 < Income High < = $76,188 | 50 | 22,503 | 56,441,381 | 39.87 | 59.17 | 29.49 | 30.29 |
Total 2000–2003 | 254 | 37,349 | 85,985,377 | 43.44 | 58.11 | 30.67 | 31.06 |
2004–2007 | |||||||
Income Low < = $31,024 | 51 | 2,358 | 6,269,232 | 37.61 | 46.00 | 28.52 | 27.89 |
$31,024 < Income 2nd < = $34,102 | 51 | 3,280 | 7,689,131 | 42.66 | 50.03 | 29.97 | 28.91 |
$34,102 < Income 3rd < = $37,540 | 51 | 4,973 | 8,987,466 | 55.33 | 57.25 | 33.86 | 29.34 |
$37,540 < Income 4th < = $42,068 | 51 | 4,971 | 9,094,178 | 54.66 | 56.86 | 31.52 | 29.81 |
$42,068 < Income High < = $75,467 | 50 | 22,220 | 60,318,599 | 36.84 | 51.78 | 25.67 | 26.77 |
Total 2004–2007 | 254 | 37,802 | 92,358,606 | 40.93 | 52.49 | 27.83 | 27.59 |
2008–2011 | |||||||
Income Low < = $34,647 | 51 | 2,322 | 6,774,871 | 34.27 | 40.30 | 26.36 | 22.43 |
$34,647 < Income 2nd < = $38,040 | 51 | 3,643 | 9,040,888 | 40.29 | 46.76 | 27.54 | 26.13 |
$38,040 < Income 3rd < = $42,072 | 51 | 4,758 | 9,184,940 | 51.80 | 50.56 | 30.18 | 26.62 |
$42,072 < Income 4th < = $48,438 | 51 | 10,432 | 26,337,018 | 39.61 | 46.86 | 24.43 | 24.12 |
$48,438 < Income High < = $80,876 | 50 | 16,391 | 48,659,170 | 33.69 | 44.73 | 22.87 | 22.60 |
Total 2008–2011 | 254 | 37,546 | 99,996,887 | 37.53 | 45.76 | 24.67 | 23.68 |
Breast and colorectal cancer incidence risk ratios
Median household income quintiles | Incidence rate ratios (95 % CI)b
| |||
Breast cancer | Overall | Metro | Urban | Rural |
1995–1999 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 1.18 (1.01–1.39) | 0.95 (0.61–1.50) |
Income 3rd
| 1.45 (1.33–1.59) | 1.58 (1.41–1.77) | 1.35 (1.15–1.58) | 0.88 (0.53–1.45) |
Income 4th
| 1.35 (1.25–1.46) | 1.39 (1.27–1.51) | 1.39 (1.18–1.63) | 0.92 (0.46–1.83) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.55 (1.45–1.67) | 1.63 (1.50–1.77) | 1.09 (0.84–1.43) | 1.60 (0.97–2.67) |
2000–2003 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.41 (1.28–1.57) | 1.55 (1.37–1.76) | 1.21 (1.01–1.46) | 0.80 (0.44–1.45) |
Income 3rd
| 1.34 (1.21–1.49) | 1.37 (1.18–1.58) | 1.25 (1.05–1.48) | 1.35 (0.78–2.34) |
Income 4th
| 1.55 (1.41–1.71) | 1.66 (1.48–1.86) | 1.41 (1.17–1.71) | 0.59 (0.27–1.29) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.74 (1.60–1.89) | 1.86 (1.68–2.06) | 1.47 (1.15–1.88) | 1.15 (0.62–2.16) |
2004–2007 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.26 (1.14–1.40) | 1.38 (1.22–1.56) | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 1.09 (0.57–2.12) |
Income 3rd
| 1.42 (1.29–1.56) | 1.61 (1.43–1.81) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 0.93 (0.49–1.75) |
Income 4th
| 1.38 (1.25–1.52) | 1.46 (1.30–1.64) | 1.24 (1.02–1.50) | 0.57 (0.23–1.40) |
Income High | 1.67 (1.54–1.81) | 1.80 (1.63–1.98) | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) | 0.66 (0.30–1.48) |
2008–2011 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.22 (1.10–1.34) | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | 1.35 (1.11–1.64) | 0.94 (0.47–1.88) |
Income 3rd
| 1.28 (1.16–1.41) | 1.30 (1.16–1.46) | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) | 1.14 (0.61–2.16) |
Income 4th
| 1.45 (1.34–1.58) | 1.44 (1.31–1.58) | 1.46 (1.18–1.82) | 1.02 (0.45–2.33) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.69 (1.56–1.82) | 1.66 (1.52–1.82) | 1.91 (1.47–2.48) | 1.31 (0.66–2.62) |
Colorectal cancer | Overall | Metro | Urban | Rural |
1995–1999 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.40 (1.17–1.67) | 1.27 (0.99–1.63) | 1.29 (0.97–1.72) | 0.54 (0.23–1.29) |
Income 3rd
| 1.53 (1.28–1.82) | 1.71 (1.35–2.16) | 1.15 (0.85–1.54) | 0.82 (0.31–2.17) |
Income 4th
| 1.29 (1.10–1.50) | 1.48 (1.23–1.78) | 1.17 (0.87–1.58) | 0.65 (0.17–2.55) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.27 (1.10–1.46) | 1.52 (1.28–1.81) | 1.08 (0.66–1.78) | 1.42 (0.55–3.68) |
2000–2003 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) | 0.65 (0.24–1.74) |
Income 3rd
| 1.33 (1.11–1.59) | 1.37 (1.06–1.76) | 1.14 (0.84–1.53) | 0.71 (0.27–1.89) |
Income 4th
| 1.36 (1.15–1.61) | 1.54 (1.26–1.90) | 1.14 (0.81–1.59) | 0.64 (0.21–1.94) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) | 1.11 (0.71–1.75) | 0.42 (0.05–3.50) |
2004–2007 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.21 (1.01–1.45) | 1.08 (0.85–1.36) | 1.16 (0.86–1.56) | 1.25 (0.37–4.17) |
Income 3rd
| 1.29 (1.09–1.53) | 1.32 (1.06–1.63) | 1.08 (0.80–1.45) | 0.46 (0.12–1.73) |
Income 4th
| 1.53 (1.30–1.81) | 1.69 (1.38–2.06) | 1.11 (0.81–1.54) | 1.57 (0.39–6.36) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 1.29 (1.08–1.53) | 1.38 (0.90–2.10) | 0.56 (0.06–5.59) |
2008–2011 | ||||
Income 2nd
| 1.20 (1.01–1.43) | 1.18 (0.94–1.48) | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 1.24 (0.43–3.56) |
Income 3rd
| 1.51 (1.28–1.79) | 1.70 (1.37–2.11) | 1.02 (0.75–1.36) | 0.93 (0.36–2.40) |
Income 4th
| 1.30 (1.12–1.51) | 1.53 (1.27–1.84) | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) | 3.13 (0.72–13.69) |
Income 5th (High) | 1.21 (1.05–1.40) | 1.44 (1.20–1.71) | 1.09 (0.69–1.73) | 0.85 (0.30–2.42) |
Race/ethnicity | Incidence rate ratios (95 % CI)b
| |||
Breast cancer | Income 2nd
| Income 3rd
| Income 4th
| Income 5th (High) |
1995–1999 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | 1.24 (1.17–1.30) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.84 (0.65–1.10) | 0.81 (0.63–1.05) | 0.82 (0.64–1.04) | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) |
Hispanics | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | 1.31 (1.20–1.42) | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) |
Others | 0.44 (0.16–1.19) | 0.99 (0.37–2.68) | 0.53 (0.22–1.29) | 0.41 (0.17–1.01) |
2000–2003 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | 1.26 (1.19–1.34) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.75 (0.56–0.99) | 0.68 (0.52–0.90) | 0.67 (0.51–0.88) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) |
Hispanics | 1.11 (1.04–1.20) | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 1.33 (1.23–1.44) | 1.10 (1.03–1.16) |
Others | 0.66 (0.29–1.51) | 2.42 (1.12–5.22) | 1.13 (0.53–2.38) | 0.98 (0.49–1.97) |
2004–2007 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 1.27 (1.18–1.35) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.90 (0.68–1.19) | 0.86 (0.66–1.11) | 0.96 (0.73–1.24) | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) |
Hispanics | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 1.40 (1.27–1.54) | 1.27 (1.17–1.37) | 1.14 (1.08–1.21) |
Others | 0.94 (0.44–2.01) | 1.22 (0.62–2.43) | 1.64 (0.84–3.23) | 1.06 (0.57–1.97) |
2008–2011 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 1.12 (1.05–1.21) | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | 1.34 (1.26–1.43) | 1.38 (1.29–1.47) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.88 (0.66–1.16) | 0.86 (0.66–1.13) | 0.95 (0.74–1.23) | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) |
Hispanics | 1.12 (1.05–1.19) | 1.22 (1.11–1.33) | 1.13 (1.06–1.19) | 1.14 (1.07–1.20) |
Others | 1.32 (0.77–2.26) | 1.60 (0.95–2.69) | 1.01 (0.63–1.63) | 1.04 (0.65–1.67) |
Colorectal cancer | Income 2nd
| Income 3rd
| Income 4th
| Income 5th (High) |
1995–1999 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 1.01 (0.94–1.10) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 0.98 (0.92–1.06) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) | 0.82 (0.64–1.05) | 0.65 (0.51–0.81) | 0.64 (0.51–0.80) |
Hispanics | 1.28 (1.17–1.40) | 1.74 (1.56–1.93) | 1.37 (1.27–1.48) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) |
Others | 0.22 (0.08–0.65) | 0.51 (0.13–2.08) | 0.20 (0.09–0.47) | 0.12 (0.06–0.28) |
2000–2003 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.92 (0.85–0.98) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.63 (0.47–0.82) | 0.56 (0.43–0.73) | 0.50 (0.38–0.64) | 0.46 (0.36–0.59) |
Hispanics | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 1.53 (1.34–1.74) | 1.51 (1.37–1.65) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) |
Others | 0.28 (0.10–1.77) | 0.84 (0.30–2.35) | 0.49 (0.19–1.26) | 0.14 (0.06–0.35) |
2004–2007 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.91 (0.84–0.98) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.86 (0.79–0.92) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.62 (0.47–0.81) | 0.58 (0.45–0.74) | 0.55 (0.43–0.71) | 0.49 (0.39–0.62) |
Hispanics | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) | 1.75 (1.59–1.94) | 1.43 (1.31–1.56) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) |
Others | 0.29 (0.12–0.71) | 0.44 (0.19–0.99) | 0.59 (0.26–1.36) | 0.13 (0.06–0.27) |
2008–2011 | ||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.93 (0.87–1.01) | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) |
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | 0.64 (0.49–0.83) | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) | 0.52 (0.40–0.67) |
Hispanics | 1.06 (0.99–1.15) | 1.54 (1.40–1.70) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) |
Others | 1.31 (0.52–3.27) | 2.17 (0.92–5.10) | 0.57 (0.25–1.30) | 0.53 (0.24–1.18) |