Background
Subscale | Subscale | ||
---|---|---|---|
Items | Items | ||
Social contacts | 5 | Abilities to manage daily life | 4 |
Appreciation by others | 4 | Appraisal of accommodation/housing | 5 |
Relationship to family | 3 | Financial situation | 4 |
Appraisal of pharmacotherapy | 6 | Leading a ‘normal’ life | 3 |
Appraisal of psychopathological symptoms | 6 | Confidence | 4 |
Cognitive functioning | 5 | General life satisfaction | 3 |
Work or rehabilitation situation
a
| 2 (1 + 1) |
Methods
Data
Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cross-sectional sample – first half | Cross-sectional sample – second half | Significance of difference between sample 1 & 2 (χ
2
test or t-test) | Longitudinal sample | |
Sample size |
n = 251 |
n = 261 |
n = 364 | |
Sex (% male) | 61% | 55% | 0.185 | 59% |
Age (in years) | 38.3 (± 11.5) | 39.9 (± 11.6) | 0.132 | 39.0 (± 11.7) |
Family status | 0.862 | |||
Single | 73% | 69% | 72% | |
Married | 14% | 18% | 15% | |
Divorced/separated | 11% | 12% | 12% | |
Widowed | 1% | 1% | 1% | |
Education | 0.329 | |||
None | 5% | 8% | 5% | |
Special education | 1% | 2% | 1% | |
Intermediate | 53% | 58% | 57% | |
Technical high school | 2% | 3% | 3% | |
University entrance qualification | 33% | 23% | 27% | |
Unknown | 6% | 7% | 7% | |
Vocational status | 0.612 | |||
No work | 38% | 34% | 37% | |
Sheltered work | 11% | 11% | 12% | |
Normal work status | 22% | 20% | 20% | |
Retired worker | 21% | 30% | 25% | |
Other | 9% | 5% | 7% | |
Age at onset of illness | 28.2 (± 9.2) | 29.0 (± 10.1) | 0.346 | 28.3 (± 9.5) |
Duration of illness (in years) | 9.5 (± 9.2) | 10.6 (± 9.6) | 0.229 | 10.1 (± 9.5) |
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) | 48.6 (± 15.1) range 15–90 | 48.3 (± 16.1) range 6–91 | 0.855 | 55.6 (± 14.4) range 22–90 |
Statistical methods
Results
Sample characteristics
Stage 1: Results of EFA
Scales | Loadings | ||
---|---|---|---|
factor 1 | factor 2 | factor 3 | |
Factor 1 Illness-related QoL | |||
Appraisal of pharmacotherapy | 0.548 | ||
Appraisal of psychopathological symptoms | 0.710 | ||
Cognitive functioning | 0.821 | ||
Abilities to manage daily life | 0.777 | ||
Factor 2 Social life and finances | |||
Appreciation by others | 0.559 | ||
Social contacts | 0.553 | ||
Relationship to family | 0.558 | ||
Appraisal of accommodation/housing | 0.598 | ||
Financial situation | 0.534 | ||
Factor 3 Global subjective well-being | |||
Leading a ‘normal’ life | 0.702 | ||
Confidence |
(0.513)
| 0.585 | |
General life satisfaction | 0.688 |
Stage 2: Results of CFA
χ
2
(df/t) |
p
| CMIN/df | CFI | RMSEA | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage 2: 3-factor-model of the original QLiS (52 items) | |||||
3240.205 | <0.001 | 2.549 | 0.670 | 0.077 (0.074–0.080) | 0.0894 |
Stage 4: 3-factor-model of the new short version of the QLiS (13 items) | |||||
138.341 | <0.001 | 2.231 | 0.952 | 0.058 (0.045–0.071) | 0.0430 |
Stage 3: Results of the item selection process
Stage 4: Results of confirmatory testing of short form
Illness-related QoL | Social life and finances | Global subjective well-being |
---|---|---|
My medications are making me slow I often feel depressed and glum I suffer from distressing thoughts I have trouble concentrating I feel dependent on others | I feel impaired by other people (e.g. recklessness, dishonesty, untrustworthiness) I feel rejected by many people I perceive my sex life as unfulfilled I feel lonely and alone I have too little money for basic things (e.g. proper clothing, little things like cigarettes) | I lead a completely “normal life” just like other people do I look to the future with confidence I am satisfied with my life |