Background
Method
Study setting
Study design
Study population
Inclusion criteria
Survivors
Contacts
Relations of survivors and contacts
Exclusion criteria
Sample size determination
Sampling technique
Study instruments
Data collection and procedure
Data management and analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Characteristics | Number | Percent |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
<20 | 3 | 2.6 |
20–49 | 107 | 91.4 |
≥50 | 7 | 6.0 |
Sex | ||
Female | 78 | 66.7 |
Males | 39 | 33.3 |
Religion | ||
Christians | 100 | 85.5 |
Muslims | 17 | 14.5 |
Occupation | ||
Healthcare workers | 45 | 38.5 |
Non Healthcare workers | 72 | 61.5 |
Level of education | ||
None | 2 | 1.7 |
Primary | 8 | 6.8 |
Secondary | 30 | 25.6 |
Tertiary | 77 | 65.8 |
Ethnic group | ||
Yoruba | 29 | 24.8 |
Ibo | 27 | 23.1 |
Hausa | 4 | 3.4 |
Other | 57 | 48.7 |
Type of respondent | ||
Survivor | 4 | 3.4 |
Survivor relation | 1 | 0.9 |
Contact | 93 | 79.5 |
Contact relation | 19 | 16.2 |
Local Government Area | ||
Eti–Osa | 57 | 48.7 |
Lagos Mainland | 5 | 4.3 |
Mushin | 34 | 29.1 |
Oshodi-Isolo | 20 | 17.1 |
Surulere | 1 | 0.9 |
Psychological distress | Survivors | Contacts | Relations | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Not been able to concentrate on what you are doing | 4 (100.0) | 33 (35.5) | 8 (40.0) | 45 (38.5) |
Lost much sleep over worry | 3 (75.0) | 31 (33.3) | 5 (25.0) | 39 (33.3) |
Been feeling unhappy or depressed | 2 (50.0) | 25 (26.9) | 7 (35.0) | 34 (29.0) |
Felt constantly under strain | 1 (25.0) | 24 (25.8) | 8 (40.0) | 33 (28.2) |
Not been able to enjoy your normal day to day activities | 1 (25.0) | 20 (21.5) | 9 (45.0) | 30 (25.6) |
Not been feeling reasonable happy | 1 (25.0) | 16 (17.2) | 7 (35.0) | 24 (20.5) |
Felt you are not playing a useful part in things | 1 (25.0) | 11 (11.8) | 3 (15.0) | 15 (12.8) |
Been losing confidence in your self | 0 (0.0) | 7 (7.5) | 2 (10.0) | 9 (7.7) |
Felt incapable of making decisions | 2 (50.0) | 5 (5.4) | 2 (10.0) | 9 (7.7) |
Been able to face up to your problems | 1 (25.0) | 8 (8.6) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (7.7) |
Felt you couldn’t overcome your difficulties | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.4) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (6.0) |
Been thinking of yourself as worthless | 0 (0.0) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (15.0) | 7 (6.0) |
Social Support | ||||
Can count on less than 3 people for help for serious problem | 0 (0.0) | 17 (18.3) | 5 (25.0) | 22 (18.8) |
Difficult getting help from neighbors if you need it | 1 (25.0) | 11 (11.2) | 4 (20.0) | 16 (14.5) |
People show little or no concern in what you are doing | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.5) | 2 (10.0) | 8 (6.8) |
Yes | No | OR (95 % CI) |
p
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feeling unhappy/depressed | n | % | N | % | ||
Lost relation to EVD outbreak | 6 | 66.7 | 3 | 33.3 | 6.0 (1.3–24.4) | <0.01* |
Been a health worker | 8 | 17.8 | 37 | 82.2 | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.03 |
Contacts | 25 | 26.9 | 68 | 73.1 | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | 0.31 |
Relations | 7 | 35.0 | 13 | 65.0 | 1.4 (0.5–3.9) | 0.52 |
Not been able to concentrate | ||||||
Having no tertiary education | 8 | 20.0 | 32 | 80.0 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | <0.01 |
Lost relation to EVD outbreak | 7 | 77.8 | 2 | 22.2 | 6.5 (1.3–32.6) | <0.00* |
Survivor | 0 | 0 | 4 | 100.0 | - | 0.02* |
Contacts | 33 | 35.5 | 60 | 64.5 | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | |
Not feeling reasonable happy | ||||||
Living in Eti-osa | 17 | 29.8 | 40 | 70.2 | 3.2 (1.2–8.5) | 0.01 |
Lost relation to EVD outbreak | 5 | 55.6 | 4 | 44.4 | 5.9 (1.2–29.4) | 0.01* |
Felt not playing useful part in things | ||||||
Been female | 6 | 7.7 | 72 | 92.3 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.02 |
Not easily getting help from neighbors | 6 | 26.1 | 17 | 73.9 | 3.3 (1.0–12.2) | 0.03 |
Felt constantly under strain | ||||||
Living in Eti-osa | 23 | 40.4 | 34 | 59.6 | 3.4 (1.4–8.0) | <0.01 |
Been able to make decisions | ||||||
Not easily getting help from neighbors | 5 | 19.2 | 21 | 80.8 | 5.2 (1.1–25.7) | 0.01 |
Losing confidence in self | ||||||
Little or no concern shown by people in your activities | 3 | 37.5 | 5 | 62.5 | 10.3 (1.5–70.8) | <0.01* |
Term | Feeling depressed AOR | 95 % CI |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lost relation (Yes/No) | 5.7 | 1.2 | 28.0 | 0.02 |
Living in Eti-osa (Yes/No) | 2.3 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 0.06 |
Not health worker/health worker | 0.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.09 |
Male/Female | 1.6 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 0.34 |
No tertiary education/having tertiary education | 1.0 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 0.95 |
Inability to concentrate | ||||
No tertiary education/having tertiary education | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | <0.01 |
Lost relation (Yes/No) | 10.1 | 1.7 | 60.7 | 0.01 |
Living in Eti-osa (Yes/No) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.82 |
Not health worker/health worker | 1.2 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 0.65 |
Male/Female | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.68 |