Background
Methods
Study population
Self-reports and anthropometric measurements
Body perception
Socioeconomic status
Statistical analysis/correction procedure
Results
KiGGS wave 1 | MoMo subsample | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 4 948) | Boys (n = 2 505) | Girls (n = 2 443) | All (n = 1 640) | Boys (n = 826) | Girls (n = 814) | |||||||
N
a
| %b |
N
a
| %b |
N
a
| %b |
N
a
| %b |
N
a
| %b |
N
a
| %b | |
Age | ||||||||||||
11–13 years | 2155 | 43.0 | 1108 | 43.4 | 1047 | 42.6 | 809 | 47.0 | 405 | 45.0 | 404 | 49.2 |
14–17 years | 2793 | 57.0 | 1397 | 56.6 | 1396 | 57.4 | 831 | 53.0 | 421 | 55.0 | 410 | 50.8 |
Weight status derived from uncorrected self-reported height and weight (Qi) | ||||||||||||
Extremely underweight | 159 | 3.4 | 68 | 2.9 | 91 | 3.9 | 58 | 4.2 | 24 | 3.1 | 34 | 5.4 |
Underweight | 324 | 6.5 | 141 | 5.7 | 183 | 7.3 | 107 | 6.4 | 45 | 5.4 | 62 | 7.6 |
Normal weight | 3608 | 78.3 | 1826 | 78.8 | 1782 | 77.9 | 1223 | 77.5 | 623 | 77.8 | 600 | 77.2 |
Overweight | 292 | 7.8 | 165 | 7.8 | 127 | 7.7 | 88 | 8.0 | 49 | 8.5 | 39 | 7.5 |
Obese | 152 | 4.0 | 94 | 4.8 | 58 | 3.2 | 41 | 3.8 | 25 | 5.2 | 16 | 2.3 |
Missing value | 413 | 211 | 202 | 123 | 60 | 63 | ||||||
Body perception (Rk) | ||||||||||||
Too thin | 732 | 14.9 | 468 | 19.1 | 264 | 10.5 | 255 | 15.5 | 157 | 17.7 | 98 | 13.1 |
Right weight | 2920 | 56.3 | 1438 | 55.2 | 1482 | 57.3 | 1002 | 57.3 | 504 | 58.9 | 498 | 55.5 |
Too fat | 1296 | 28.9 | 599 | 25.6 | 697 | 32.2 | 383 | 27.3 | 165 | 23.4 | 218 | 31.4 |
Socio-economic status | ||||||||||||
Low | 590 | 22.6 | 316 | 24.1 | 274 | 20.9 | 159 | 22.7 | 81 | 23.3 | 78 | 21.9 |
Moderate | 3118 | 59.7 | 1552 | 57.8 | 1566 | 61.7 | 1069 | 60.7 | 532 | 59.8 | 537 | 61.7 |
High | 1178 | 17.7 | 608 | 18.0 | 570 | 17.3 | 411 | 16.6 | 212 | 16.8 | 199 | 16.4 |
Missing value | 62 | 29 | 33 | 1 | 1 |
All | Boys | Girls | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∝
ijk
| BMI
reported
|
Q
jk
| BMI
reported
|
Q
jk
| BMI
reported
|
Q
jk
| |||||||||||||||
I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | I5 | I6 | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | I5 | I6 | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | I5 | I6 | ||||
BMI
measured
| Body perception = 1 (too thin) | ||||||||||||||||||||
I1 | 51.4 % | 9.7 % | 2.4 % | 12.8 % | 13.0 % | 61.1 % | 19.2 % | 2.3 % | 15.8 % | 9.8 % | 43.0 % | 3.1 % | 2.8 % | 6.7 % | 19.1 % | ||||||
I2 | 21.7 % | 49.9 % | 11.0 % | 14.5 % | 19.5 % | 31.8 % | 40.5 % | 14.3 % | 8.5 % | 17.2 % | 13.1 % | 56.5 % | 4.9 % | 26.7 % | 23.7 % | ||||||
I3 | 26.9 % | 40.4 % | 86.1 % | 72.7 % | 58.6 % | 7.1 % | 40.3 % | 82.9 % | 75.7 % | 62.2 % | 43.9 % | 40.4 % | 92.3 % | 66.6 % | 51.8 % | ||||||
I4 | 0.4 % | 0.6 % | |||||||||||||||||||
I5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
I6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.9 % | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10.8 % | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.4 % |
Body perception = 2 (right weight) | |||||||||||||||||||||
I1 | 11.9 % | 1.5 % | 0.1 % | 0.9 % | 1.9 % | 30.9 % | 4.3 % | 0.2 % | 1.3 % | 5.9 % | 1.9 % | 2.6 % | |||||||||
I2 | 20.8 % | 26.6 % | 1.0 % | 1.0 % | 5.1 % | 12.9 % | 38.2 % | 0.9 % | 3.3 % | 23.4 % | 20.2 % | 1.1 % | 2.1 % | 7.0 % | |||||||
I3 | 63.5 % | 69.9 % | 95.3 % | 40.7 % | 86.8 % | 82.7 % | 56.2 % | 57.6 % | 93.8 % | 57.4 % | 78.7 % | 84.2 % | 65.8 % | 76.6 % | 96.9 % | 95.7 % | 81.3 % | ||||
I4 | 3.8 % | 3.5 % | 45.2 % | 63.5 % | 0.2 % | 1.8 % | 4.8 % | 42.6 % | 73.0 % | 2.7 % | 5.0 % | 1.9 % | 51.6 % | 0.4 % | 1.0 % | ||||||
I5 | 2.0 % | 0.2 % | 14.0 % | 36.5 % | 11.1 % | 0.2 % | 0.3 % | 27.1 % | 21.3 % | 0.3 % | 3.2 % | 0.1 % | 48.4 % | 100.0 % | |||||||
I6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.2 % | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.3 % | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.1 % |
Body perception = 3 (too fat) | |||||||||||||||||||||
I1 | 0.1 % | 0.1 % | 0.2 % | ||||||||||||||||||
I2 | 1.7 % | 0.4 % | 0.2 % | 2.6 % | 0.5 % | ||||||||||||||||
I3 | 100.0 % | 75.2 % | 5.3 % | 23.1 % | 54.2 % | 100.0 % | 72.4 % | 1.5 % | 21.1 % | 50.0 % | 77.0 % | 8.3 % | 24.2 % | 57.7 % | |||||||
I4 | 100.0 % | 18.4 % | 49.3 % | 3.2 % | 19.7 % | 20.8 % | 23.2 % | 65.1 % | 5.0 % | 9.0 % | 21.8 % | 100.0 % | 15.2 % | 36.8 % | 25.6 % | 19.9 % | |||||
I5 | 6.4 % | 45.4 % | 96.8 % | 55.5 % | 12.2 % | 4.4 % | 33.4 % | 95.0 % | 69.9 % | 16.2 % | 7.8 % | 54.9 % | 100.0 % | 47.5 % | 9.0 % | ||||||
I6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.3 % | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.7 % | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.8 % |
Weight status | BMIKiGGS baselinemeasured | BMIKiGGS1reported | BMIKiGGS1corrected | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | 95 % Cl | % | 95 % Cl | % | 95 % Cl | |
Boys | n = 3 477 | n = 2 294 | n = 2 505 | |||
Extremely underweight | 2.3 | 1.7–3.0 | 2.9 | 2.0–4.0 | 2.7 | 1.6–4.2 |
Underweight | 5.4 | 4.5–6.4 | 5.9 | 4.7–7.3 | 5.0 | 3.2–6.9 |
Normal weight | 73.9 | 72.0–75.7 | 78.7 | 75.9–81.3 | 72.4 | 68.5–76.4 |
Overweight | 10.1 | 8.9–11.3 | 7.8 | 6.3–9.7 | 10.2 | 7.8–12.8 |
Obese | 8.4 | 7.2–9.7 | 4.8 | 3.6–6.3 | 9.6 | 7.2–11.8 |
Girls | n = 3 302 | n = 2 241 | n = 2 443 | |||
Extremely underweight | 1.7 | 1.3–2.4 | 3.9 | 3.0–5.1 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.2 |
Underweight | 4.8 | 4.1–5.6 | 7.3 | 6.0–8.8 | 3.9 | 2.6–5.5 |
Normal weight | 74.2 | 72.3–76.0 | 77.9 | 75.4–80.3 | 76.8 | 73.2–80.2 |
Overweight | 9.7 | 8.5–11.0 | 7.7 | 6.0–9.8 | 7.6 | 5.3–10.4 |
Obese | 9.6 | 8.4–10.8 | 3.2 | 2.2–4.6 | 10.3 | 7.3–13.2 |
Total | n = 6 779 | n = 4 535 | n = 4 948 | |||
Extremely underweight | 2.0 | 1.6–2.5 | 3.4 | 2.7–4.2 | 1.9 | 1.3–2.7 |
Underweight | 5.1 | 4.5–5.8 | 6.6 | 5.7–7.6 | 4.6 | 3.4–5.8 |
Normal weight | 74.0 | 72.6–75.4 | 78.3 | 76.4–80.1 | 74.7 | 71.8–77.5 |
Overweight | 9.9 | 9.1–10.8 | 7.7 | 6.6–9.0 | 8.9 | 7.0–10.9 |
Obese | 8.9 | 8.0–9.9 | 4.0 | 3.2–5.0 | 10.0 | 8.0–11.7 |