Background
Methods
Study design
Participants
Criteria for inclusion
Criteria for exclusion
Characteristics | All patients
n = 43 | Lean
n = 18 | Overweight
n = 17 | Obese
n = 8 |
p Valuea
Lean vs overweight |
p Valuea
Lean vs obese |
p Valuea
Overweight vs obese |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51 (25 to 64) | 50 (25 to 63) | 53 (34 to 64) | 51 (25 to 63) | 0.351 | 0.807 | 0.711 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (20.9 to 39.9) | 23.1 (20.9 to 24.96) | 26.2 (25.1 to 29.9) | 35.2 (30.8 to 39.9) |
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
Symptom duration (years) | 9 (0 to 35) | 8 (1 to 20) | 10 (0 to 35) | 7 (1 to 26) | 0.386 | 0.892 | 0.628 |
Tender points (n) | 16 (11 to 18) | 16 (12 to 18) | 16 (11 to 18) | 17 (15 to 18) | 0.909 | 0.311 | 0.238 |
Pharmacologic treatment, N (%) |
p Valueb Lean vs overweight |
p Valueb
Lean vs obese |
p Valueb
Overweight vs obese | ||||
NSAID/paracetamol | 34 (79) | 12 (67) | 15 (88) | 7 (88) | 0.264 | 0.531 | 0.958 |
Opioids for mild to moderate pain. Yes | 6 (14) | 2 (11) | 3 (18) | 1 (12) | 0.945 | 0.918 | 0.743 |
Antidepressants. Yes | 22 (51) | 8 (44) | 11 (65) | 3 (38) | 0.3880 | 0.741 | 0.397 |
Anticonvulsives. Yes | 4 (9) | 2 (11) | 2 (6) | 1 (12) | 0.9516 | 0.918 | 0.958 |
Sedatives. Yes | 7 (16) | 3(17) | 4 (24) | 0 (0) | 0.9326 | 0.574 | 0.362 |
Clinical measurements
Laboratory analysis
Statistics
Results
IGF-1 and adipokines
All patients | Lean | Overweight | Obese | Intergroup differences in change | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | ∆Posttest | Baseline | ∆Posttest | Baseline | ∆Posttest | Baseline | ∆Posttest | Lean vs overweight | Lean vs obese | Overweight vs obese | |
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
Cohen’s d | Cohen’s d | Cohen’s d | Cohen’s d | ||||||||
P-valuea
|
P-valuea
|
P-valuea
|
P-valuea
|
P-valueb
|
P-valueb
|
P-valueb
| |||||
Total IGF-1 | 137 (54) | −3 (−21.2 to 5) | 135 (54) | −11 (−18,8 to 5) | 151 (61) | −3 (−47,5 to 7) | 137 (61) | −1.5 (−18 to 8,8) | |||
(ng/ml) |
n = 42 |
n = 42 |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 16 |
n = 16 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
−0.23 | −0.2 | −0.36 | −0.09 | ||||||||
0.018
|
p = 0.076 |
p = 0.147 |
p = 0.528 |
p = 0.986 |
p = 0.531 |
p = 0.528 | |||||
Free IGF-1 | 2.6 (3.2) | 0 (−1.4 to 1.0) | 3.3 (2.3) | −0.7 (−1,9 to 0,1) | 2.6 (3.3) | 0.4 (−1,1 to 1,5) | 0.8 (2.3) | 0.4 (−0,6 to 2,8) | |||
(ng/ml) |
n = 43 |
n = 43 |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
−0.05 | −0.32 | 0.1 | 0.6 | ||||||||
0.752 |
p
= 0.047
|
p = 0.485 |
p = 0.237 |
p = 0.053 |
p
= 0.035
|
p = 0.511 | |||||
IGFBP3 | 823 (159) | −46.4 (−84.4 to 33.2) | 828 (86) | −56 (−97 to 5) | 790 (161) | −47 (−86 to 119) | 858 (238) | −41 (−73 to 23) | |||
(ng/ml) |
n = 43 |
n = 43 |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
−0.29 | −0.57 | 0.02 | −0.36 | ||||||||
p
= 0.045
|
p
= 0.025
|
p = 0.943 |
p = 0.161 |
p = 0.335 |
p = 0.567 |
p = 0.887 | |||||
Adiponectin | 10288 (6280) | 192 (−1880 to 2064) | 12036 (7396) | 224 (−1638 to 2406) | 11624 (5668) | −832 (−1948 to 1752) | 6600 (4020) | −204 (−2648 to 2398) | |||
(ng/ml) |
n = 43 |
n = 43 |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
0.02 | 0.09 | −0.03 | −0.04 | ||||||||
0.819 |
p = 0.586 |
p = 0.813 |
p = 0.889 |
p = 0.59 |
p = 0.765 |
p = 0.887 | |||||
Leptin | 27.7 (71.6) | −4.9 (−18.5 to 1.0) | 21 (86) | −15.9 (−23,6 to −0,1) | 39 (60) | 0 (−3 to 19,6) | 23 (106) | −12 (−23,1 to −2,3) | |||
(ng/ml) |
n = 43 |
n = 43 |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
−0.13 | −0.22 | −0.02 | −0.51 | ||||||||
0.040
|
p
= 0.008
|
p = 0.463 |
p = 0.093 |
p
= 0.005
|
p = 0.849 |
p
= 0.019
| |||||
Resistin | 13.1 (5.1) | −0.7 (−2.0 to 0.9) | 13 (5) | −0.7 (−1.5 to 1) | 11 (7) | 0.2 (−2,5 to 1,6) | 15 (5) | −1.6 (−1,9 to 0,1) | |||
(ng/ml) |
n = 43 |
n = 43 |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
−0.11 | 0.04 | −0.19 | −0.42 | ||||||||
0.227 |
p = 0.446 |
p = 0.723 |
p = 0.161 |
p = 0.987 |
p = 0.285 |
p = 0.588 |
Symptom severity and strength
Lean | Overweight | Obese | Differences in change | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | ∆Posttest | Baseline | ∆Posttest | Baseline | ∆Posttest | Lean vs overweight | Lean vs obese | Overweight vs obese | |
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
P-valuea
|
P-valuea
|
P-valuea
|
P-valueb
|
P-valueb
|
P-valueb
| ||||
Current pain | 56 (43) | −14.5 (−25,3 to 2,8) | 48 (39) | −13 (−31,5 to 13,5) | 49 (17) | 1 (−37,3 to 16,5) | |||
(VAS) |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
p
= 0.039
|
p = 0.136 |
p = 0.624 |
p = 0.987 |
p = 0.429 |
p = 0.549 | ||||
MFIGF fatigue | 19 (2) | −1 (−3 to 0) | 18 (4) | −1 (−2 to 1) | 19 (4) | −0.5 (−2,8 to 1) | |||
(4–20) |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
p
= 0.022
|
p = 0.303 |
p = 0.443 |
p = 0.757 |
p = 0.567 |
p = 0.842 | ||||
Hand grip force | 174 (110) | 8.8 (−6,4 to 30,4) | 165 (122) | 10.3 (−7,5 to 41,3) | 173 (144) | 14 (1,4 to 35,1) | |||
(N) |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 16 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
p = 0.074 |
p = 0.098 |
p = 0.123 |
p = 0.851 |
p = 0.567 |
p = 0.881 | ||||
Elbow flexion force | 12.9 (5.1) | 1.2 (0 to 3,6) | 11.1 (7.1) | 1.4 (−0,8 to 5,1) | 13.5 (10.6) | 3 (1,6 to 5,1) | |||
(kg) |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
p
= 0.017
|
p
= 0.049
|
p
= 0.012
|
p = 0.858 |
p = 0.080 |
p = 0.315 | ||||
Knee extension force | 338 (135) | 11.5 (−46,6 to 48,3) | 306 (136) | 43 (−31 to 74,3) | 389 (185) | 35.3 (−16,3 to 105,6) | |||
(N) |
n = 18 |
n = 18 |
n = 17 |
n = 17 |
n = 8 |
n = 8 | |||
p = 0.647 |
p = 0.113 |
p = 0.208 |
p = 0.303 |
p = 0.285 |
p = 0.754 |