Background
-
◦The sex-specific prevalence of any type of UE or LE pain
-
◦The frequency and duration of UE or LE pain episodes
-
◦The prevalence of pain in specific anatomical sites
-
◦The distribution of 1) pain episodes in girls versus boys and 2) traumatic versus non-traumatic episodes including a comparison of traumatic versus non-traumatic episodes in relation to frequency
Methods
Setting
Study population
Data collection
Musculoskeletal pain as reported by the parents
Pain distribution as reported from the clinical examination
Variables
MSK pain as reported by the parents
-
◦ UE pain the last week (Y/N)
-
◦ LE pain the last week (Y/N)
Pain distribution as reported from the clinical examination
-
◦ Anatomical pain site
-
◦ Shoulder
-
◦ Upper Arm
-
◦ Elbow
-
◦ Lower Arm
-
◦ Wrist/Hand/Fingers
-
◦ Hip/groin
-
◦ Thigh
-
◦ Knee
-
◦ Lower leg
-
◦ Ankle/Foot
-
◦ Unspecific Upper Extremity
-
◦ Unspecific Lower Extremity
-
-
◦ Traumatic episodes
-
◦ Non-traumatic episodes
Data analysis
Results
Study sample
Upper extremity
Sex-specific and age-specific prevalence rates by study year
Total number of pain weeks
Number of pain weeks | Study year 1 (44 weeks) | Study year 2 (47 weeks) | Study year 3 (46 weeks) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
1 | 108 | 48.7 (41.9–55.4) | 116 | 44.3 (38.2–50.5) | 91 | 40.1 (33.7–46.8) |
2 | 36 | 16.2 (11.6–21.) | 47 | 17.9 (13.5–23.1) | 28 | 12.3 (8.4–17.3) |
3 | 22 | 9.9 (6.3–14.6) | 29 | 11.1 (7.5–15.5) | 32 | 14.1 (9.8–19.3) |
4 | 13 | 5.9 (3.2–9.8) | 21 | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) | 22 | 9.7 (6.2–14.3) |
5 | 11 | 5.0 (2.5–8.7) | 6 | 2.3 (0.8–4.9) | 8 | 3.5 (1.5–6.8) |
6 | 8 | 3.6 (1.6–7.0) | 6 | 2.3 (0.8–3.9) | 8 | 3.5 (1.5–6.8) |
7 | 9 | 4.1 (1.9–7.6) | 9 | 3.4 (1.6–6.4) | 4 | 1.8 (0.5–4.5) |
8–43 | 15 | 6.8 (3.8–10.9) | 28 | 10.7 (7.2–15.1) | 34 | 15.0 (10.6–20.3) |
Totala
| 222 | 100.0 | 262 | 100.0 | 227 | 100.0 |
Median | ||||||
(25%–75%)b
| 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | |||
Mean (95% CI)b
| 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 3.4 (2.9–3.9) | 4.4 (3.6–5.2) |
Number of episodes
Length of episodes
Length of episodes | Study year 1 (44 weeks) | Study year 2 (47 weeks) | Study year 3 (46 weeks) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Upper extremity | n | % (95% CI) | N | % (95% CI) | N | % (95% CI) | |
1 week | 197 | 60.6 (55.1–65.9) | 283 | 66.3 (61.6–70.6) | 180 | 50.9 (45.5–56.2) | |
2–3 weeks | 86 | 26.5 (21.7–31.6) | 86 | 20.1 (16.4–24.3) | 107 | 30.2 (25.5–35.3) | |
4–11 weeks | 40 | 12.3 (8.9–16.4) | 55 | 12.9 (9.9–16.4) | 55 | 15.5 (11.9–19.7) | |
≥ 12 weeks | 2 | 0.6 (0.1–2.2) | 3 | 0.7 (0.1–2.0) | 12 | 3.4 (1.8–5.8) | |
Totala
| 325 | 100.0 | 427 | 100.00 | 354 | 100.0 | |
Median | |||||||
(25%–75%) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–3) | ||||
Mean (95% CI) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 2.8 (2.4–3.1) | ||||
Lower extremity | 1 week | 814 | 51.3 (48.8–53.8) | 816 | 50.9 (48.4–53.4) | 615 | 48.0 (45.3–50.8) |
2–3 weeks | 403 | 25.4 (23.3–27.6) | 407 | 25.4 (23.3–27.6) | 337 | 26.3 (23.9–28.8) | |
4–11 weeks | 316 | 19.9 (18.0–22.0) | 297 | 18.5 (16.7–20.5) | 247 | 19.3 (17.2–21.6) | |
≥ 12 weeks | 54 | 3.4 (2.6–4.4) | 83 | 5.2 (4.1–6.4) | 81 | 6.3 (5.1–7.8) | |
Totala
| 1587 | 100.0 | 1603 | 100.0 | 1220 | 100.0 | |
Median | |||||||
(25%–75%) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | ||||
Mean (95% CI) | 3.0 (2.8–3.2) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | 3.6(3.4–3.9) |
Lower extremity
Prevalence by study year
Total number of pain weeks
Number of pain weeks | Study year 1 (44 weeks) | Study year 2 (47 weeks) | Study year 3 (46 weeks) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | n | % (95% CI) | |
1 | 118 | 20.0 (16.8–23.5) | 140 | 21.8 (18.2–25.2) | 120 | 21.9 (18.5–25.6) |
2 | 83 | 14.1 (11.4–17.1) | 77 | 12.0 (9.6–14.8) | 77 | 14.0 (11.2–17.2) |
3 | 57 | 9.7 (7.4–12.3) | 74 | 11.5 (9.2–14.3) | 48 | 8.7 (6.5–11.4) |
4 | 40 | 6.8 (4.9–9.1) | 58 | 9.1 (6.9–11.5) | 41 | 7.5 (5.4–10.0) |
5 | 38 | 6.4 (4.6–8.7) | 28 | 4.4 (2.9–6.3) | 29 | 5.3 (3.6–7.5) |
6 | 25 | 4.2 (2.8–6.2) | 20 | 3.1 (1.9–4.8) | 29 | 5.3 (3.6–7.5) |
7 | 30 | 5.1 (3.5–7.2) | 27 | 4.2 (2.8–6.1) | 17 | 3.1 (1.81–4.9) |
8 | 16 | 2.7 (1.6–4.4) | 22 | 3.4 (2.2–5.2) | 21 | 3.8 (2.4–5.8) |
9 | 17 | 2.9 (1.7–4.6) | 19 | 3.0 (1.8–4.6) | 16 | 2.9 (1.7–4.7) |
10 | 14 | 2.4 (1.3–3.9) | 13 | 2.0 (1.1–3.4) | 15 | 2.7 (1.5–4.5) |
11 | 17 | 2.9 (1.7–4.6) | 12 | 1.9 (1.0–3.2) | 9 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) |
12 | 12 | 2.0(1.1–3.5) | 14 | 2.2 (1.2–3.6) | 9 | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) |
13–45 | 123 | 20.9 (17.6–24.4) | 137 | 21.4 (18.3–24.8) | 118 | 21.5 (18.1–25.2) |
Totala
| 590 | 100.0 | 641 | 100.0 | 549 | 100.00 |
Median | ||||||
(25%–75%)b
| 4(2-11) | 4 (2–11) | 4 (2–10) | |||
Mean (95% CI)b
| 8.3 (7.5–9.1) | 8.3 (7.5–9.1) | 8.7 (7.8–9.6) |